Validity of the BOT-2 Short Form for Korean School-Age Children: A Preliminary Study.

The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) is the most common motor assessment in Korea. The BOT-2-Short Form (SF) is preferred over the complete form (CF) in settings with limited time. The present study aimed to assess the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children. First, we verified that the BOT-2 SF reflects developmental changes in motor skills. Second, we compared the BOT-2 SF scores to those of the BOT-2 CF. A total of 283 Korean school-age children performed the BOT-2. The differences in the BOT-2 SF point according to age group (7 years, 8-9 years, and 10-12 years) were analyzed. A correlation analysis of the standard scores between the BOT-2 SF and CF was conducted. The sensitivity and specificity of the BOT-2 SF were calculated in reference to its CF. Overall, the BOT-2 SF point scores increased with age. The correlation between the total scores of the BOT-2 SF and CF was strong. The BOT-2 SF had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 92%. This study has demonstrated the validity of the BOT-2 SF in Korean school-age children. The BOT2 SF can be useful in screening Korean school-age children with motor skills problems.

Psychometric properties of Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2 (K-ISP2) and explore whether the sensory processing of infants differs according to age, gender, and culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 140 Korean caregivers of infants aged 0-6 months. They completed the K-ISP2 and the Korean version of 'What My Baby Is Like' (K-WBL), a scale for measuring infant temperament, for convergent validity. The K-ISP2 was re-administrated for test-retest reliability with a mean interval of 16 days. RESULTS: The K-ISP2 showed good test-retest reliability (ICC = .84) and significant but weak convergent validity with the K-WBL (amenability/persistence, r = -.28, p < .001; adaptability, r = -.30, p < .001; reactivity, r = .24, p = .004; activity, r = .20, p = .02). There were no significant age and gender differences in the K-ISP2 total score. The K-ISP2 total score was similar to that of the Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP2). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides reliability and validity evidence of the K-ISP2. Normative data of K-ISP2 total score can be established regardless of age or gender. The ISP2 has showed similar psychometric properties for populations of both Korea and the United States.KEY MESSAGESSensory processing is a fundamental component for adaptive responses to environment and begins to develop before birth.The Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2 (K-ISP2) can be used to assess sensory processing patterns of Korean infants, with evidence of reliability and validity.Total scores of the K-ISP2 can be interpreted with one normative data set regardless of age and gender.

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Child Sensory Profile-2.

IMPORTANCE: The Korean Child Sensory Profile-2 (K-CSP-2) is a tool for assessing sensory processing that was recently culturally adapted for use with Korean children. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the test-retest and interrater reliability and the convergent and discriminant validity of the K-CSP-2. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community settings in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS: Caregivers of 102 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 156 typically developing (TD) children ages 3-14 yr. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The K-CSP-2 was tested for reliability and validity using the Korean version of the Sensory Profile (K-SP) and the Korean Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (K-BASC-2). RESULTS: The K-CSP-2 demonstrated good test-retest and interrater reliability. The K-CSP-2 was correlated with the K-SP and the K-BASC-2. Children with ASD had higher K-CSP-2 scores than TD children. The discriminant analysis classified children with ASD and TD children with an overall accuracy of 89%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The K-CSP-2 can be used to assess the sensory processing of Korean children consistently across time and raters. The instrument maintains the quadrant factors of the K-SP and relates to adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. The K-CSP-2 can distinguish children with ASD from TD children. What This Article Adds: Korean occupational therapy practitioners can use the K-CSP-2 to identify sensory processing patterns and to support the evaluation of children with ASD.

Relationship between the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition in Korean Children.

This study investigated the relationship between the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) in Korea. This study also adjusted the cutoff score of the DCDQ'07 based on the BOT-2 for Korean children. A total of 256 children were recruited from communities in Korea. They were divided into two age groups: 8 to 9 years old and 10 to 12 years old. Children performed the BOT-2, and their parents completed the DCDQ'07. The correlation between the DCDQ'07 and the BOT-2 was analyzed. The adjusted DCDQ'07 cutoff score for Korean children was calculated using the BOT-2 as the criterion through a receiver operating characteristic curve. A significant correlation between the DCDQ'07 and the BOT-2 was found, indicating that Korean parents' perception of children's motor skills was related to their children's actual motor proficiency. The adjusted cutoff score of the DCDQ'07 had a sensitivity of 72.7-85.7% and a specificity of 62.5-64.0%. This study demonstrated that children's motor skills reported by Korean parents on the DCDQ'07 were valid based on a community sample. The adjusted cutoff score of the DCDQ'07 could be used to identify children suspected of having a developmental coordination disorder.

Motor function in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Korea.

OBJECTIVE: Motor function critically influences daily activities and academic performance. We compared motor function in school-aged children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to that of normal children. METHODS: Participants were 58 children with ADHD [51 males, 7 females; mean age 9 years 6 months±2 years 0 months (SD)] and 70 normal controls [56 males, 14 females; mean age 9 years 2 months±1 years 7 months (SD)]. We assessed motor function with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition. RESULTS: The ADHD group had a significantly lower total motor composite score (t=-9.32, p<0.001) than that of the control group. Standard scores of four motor-area composites such as fine manual control (t=-3.76, p<0.001), manual coordination (t=-6.87, p<0.001), body coordination (t=-7.14, p<0.001), and strength and agility (t=-8.54, p<0.1) were significantly lower in the ADHD group than those in the control group. Among the subtests, scores on fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, running speed and agility, and strength were significantly lower in the ADHD group than those in the controls, whereas upper-limb coordination was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: School-aged children with ADHD in Korea had significantly lower motor function compared to that of controls. Thus, it is suggested that appropriate target intervention for motor function is important in children with motor impairment in addition to pharmacotherapy or psychosocial therapy for improving the core symptoms.