Self-breathing strategy-enabled high-performance self-powered photoelectrochemical sensing by integrating with a perovskite Ag3BiO3/Ti3C2 plasmonic heterojunction.

An innovative photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC)-based self-powered system was developed by integrating the perovskite Ag3BiO3/Ti3C2 MXene plasmonic heterojunction with a self-breathing strategy, which was beneficial for developing high-performance self-powered photoelectrochemical biosensors.

Interspecific Allelopathic Interaction Primes Direct and Indirect Resistance of Neighbor Plant in Agroforestry System.

Agroforestry system with high biodiversity augments ecosystem stability and minimizes its vulnerability to environmental disturbances and disease. Deciphering the underlying mechanisms of interspecies allelopathic interactions in disease suppression in agroforestry offer a sustainable strategy for plant disease management. Here, we utilized Panax ginseng cultivated under Pinus koraiensis forests, where the occurrences of Alternaria leaf spot are low, as a research model to investigate the role of allelochemicals in disease suppression. Our findings demonstrate that foliar application of leachates from the needles of P. koraiensis effectively enhanced the resistance of P. ginseng against Alternaria leaf spot. Through GC-MS analysis, we identified and quantified endo-borneol as a key compound in the leachates of P. koraiensis, and validated its capacity to prime resistance in its neighbor P. ginseng. We discovered that endo-borneol not only directly activates defense-related pathways of P. ginseng to induce resistance, but also indirectly recruits its rhizospheric beneficial microbiota by enhancing the secretion of ginsenosides, thereby triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR). Importantly, the higher concentrations of endo-borneol from 10 to 100 mg/L demonstrated a stronger capacity to induce plant resistance and enhance root secretion to recruit more microbiota compared with the lower concentrations from 0.01 to 1 mg/L. Moreover, endo-borneol exhibited antifungal activity against the growth of the pathogen Alternaria panax when its concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L. These results reveal the multifaceted functions of allelochemical endo-borneol in disease suppression in agroforestry system and highlight its potential as an environmental-friendly compound for sustainable agriculture.

ROS/pH dual-responsive quercetin-loaded guanosine borate supramolecular hydrogel enema in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that predominantly impacts the colon, typically starting in the rectum. A significant characteristic of UC is its propensity to affect the distal colon, which is particularly beneficial for targeted treatments such as enemas. This localized approach ensures that the medication is delivered directly to the affected areas, resulting in minimal systemic absorption. In this research, we have formulated a novel stimuli-responsive quercetin-loaded guanosine borate supramolecular hydrogel (named GBQ hydrogel), designed to prolong the residence time of the drug and protect the ulcerated intestinal tissues. The GBQ hydrogel has exhibited excellent injectability, self-healing capabilities, and biocompatibility, rendering it an ideal candidate for enema administration. In vitro studies have highlighted its ROS/pH dual-responsive release profile, which mimics the microenvironment of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, we assessed the efficacy of the GBQ hydrogel on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, a common animal model for UC. Our findings indicate that the GBQ hydrogel significantly reduces disease activity, mitigates oxidative stress, restores the intestinal mucosal barrier, and prevents colonic cell apoptosis. Collectively, this study underscores the therapeutic potential of the GBQ hydrogel in managing inflammatory bowel conditions and paves the way for a novel hydrogel enema-based treatment strategy for UC.

Paternal preconception donepezil exposure enhances learning in offspring.

BACKGROUND: Recent research has indicated that parental use of central nervous system-targeting medications during periconceptional periods may affect offspring across various developmental and behavioral domains. The present study sought to investigate the potential influence of paternal use of donepezil, a specific reversible central acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that activates the cholinergic system to promote cognition, on offspring. RESULTS: In this study, male rats were bred after 21 days of oral donepezil administration at a dose of 4 mg/kg to generate F1 offspring. Both male and female F1 offspring displayed enhanced performance in learning and short-term memory tests, including novel object recognition, Y maze, and operant learning. Transcriptomic analysis revealed notable alterations in genes associated with the extracellular matrix in the hippocampal tissue of the F1 generation. Integration with genes related to intelligence identified potential core genes that may be involved in the observed behavioral enhancements. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that prolonged paternal exposure to donepezil may enhance the learning and memory abilities of offspring, possibly by targeting nonneural, extracellular regions. Further research is required to fully elucidate any potential transgenerational effects.

Natural algicidal compounds: Strategies for controlling harmful algae and application.

The expanding impact of algal blooms on marine areas poses a severe threat to the sustainable development of aquaculture, human health, and the ecological safety of coastal areas. To address this issue, the exploration of natural algicidal compounds with high efficiency, selectivity, and environmental friendliness has gained attention as potential substances for algae removal. However, the integration of related work still needs to be improved. Therefore, an in-depth study of algicidal strategies and applications of algicidal compounds for biodiversity has become crucial. Here, we aim to consolidate the current advancements in research on the sources and types of algicidal compounds. We also delve into various algicidal strategies, including the damage inflicted on algal structures, inhibition of photosynthesis, effects on oxidative damage, and impacts on gene expression. Additionally, we highlight practical applications of algicidal compounds, taking into account their specificities and limitations. This review contributes to the protection of marine biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable environmental development. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for future research on algicidal compounds to overcome existing barriers. By doing so, we hope to offer valuable references for researchers engaged in further studies on managing algal outbreaks.

PPM1F regulates ovarian cancer progression by affecting the dephosphorylation of ITGB1.

PPM1F has been shown to play diverse biological functions in the progression of multiple tumors. PPM1F controls the T788/T789 phosphorylation switch of ITGB1 and regulates integrin activity. However, the impacts of PPM1F and ITGB1 on ovarian cancer (OV) progression remain unclear. Whether there is such a regulatory relationship between PPM1F and ITGB1 in ovarian cancer has not been studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the function and the mechanism of PPM1F in ovarian cancer. The expression level and the survival curve of PPM1F were analyzed by databases. Gain of function and loss of function were applied to explore the function of PPM1F in ovarian cancer. A tumor formation assay in nude mice showed that knockdown of PPM1F inhibited tumor formation. We tested the effect of PPM1F on ITGB1 dephosphorylation in ovarian cancer cells by co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting. Loss of function was applied to investigate the function of ITGB1 in ovarian cancer. ITGB1-mut overexpression promotes the progression of ovarian cancer. Rescue assays showed the promoting effect of ITGB1-wt on ovarian cancer is attenuated due to the dephosphorylation of ITGB1-wt by PPM1F. PPM1F and ITGB1 play an oncogene function in ovarian cancer. PPM1F regulates the phosphorylation of ITGB1, which affects the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer.

Diminished representation of vitamin-B12-producing bacteria in constipated elders with frailty.

Constipation and frailty are associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This study aims to identify intestinal microbial signatures that can differentiate between constipated elders accompanied by frailty and those without frailty. We collected stool samples from 61 participants and conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Constipated patients with frailty (Constipation_F) exhibited reduced gut microbial diversities compared to constipated patients without frailty (Constipation_NF) and healthy individuals (C). From differential genera, random forest models identified 14, 8, and 5 biomarkers for distinguishing Constipation_F from Constipation_NF, Constipation_F from C, and Constipation_NF from C, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that pathways (P381-PWY and PWY-5507) related to vitamin B12 synthesis were reduced in Constipation_F, which aligns with the decreased abundances of vitamin-B12-producing Actinomyces and Akkermansia in this group. Our study unveils substantial differences in gut microbiota between constipated elders with frailty and those without, underscoring the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of genera involved in vitamin B12 synthesis.

[Effects of litter thickness on natural regeneration of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations]. / 枯落物厚度对华北落叶松人工林天然更新的影响.

In this study, we explored the thickness influence of undecomposed litter layer and semi-decomposed litter layer on the natural regeneration in an artificial pure forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii in the forest area of Guandi Mountain. We divided the litter into an undecomposed layer and a semi-decomposed layer, which was further divided into eight groups based on the thickness. The results showed that when the thickness of undecomposed layer was 0.32-0.83 cm, and that of semi-decomposed layer was 0.18-0.89 cm, the regeneration index was larger (≥0.15), and the regeneration was better. When the thickness of undecomposed layer was more than 1.1 cm and that of semi-decomposed layer was more than 0.5 cm, the regeneration index was smaller (≤0.07), and the rege-neration of understory was worse. Results of redundancy analysis showed that the undecomposed layer thickness of litter had a high and stable explanatory ability for natural regeneration, with a contribution rate of 38.7%, while the semi-decomposed layer thickness had no significant effect on natural regeneration. Structural equation modeling revealed that the thickness of undecomposed layer of litter increased the mechanical resistance to seed germination which had a negative direct effect on natural regeneration (-0.617), and a positive indirect effect on natural rege-neration by influencing the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus (+0.178). The combined effects (-0.439) showed an inhibitory effect on the natural regeneration. In conclusion, the thickness of undecomposed layer of litter under L. principis-rupprechtii was most closely related to natural regeneration, and the thickness of semi-decomposed layer had a minimal effect on natural regeneration.

Natural chlorophyll: a review of analysis methods, health benefits, and stabilization strategies.

Chlorophyll (Chl) is a natural pigment, widely distributed ranging from photosynthetic prokaryotes to higher plants, with an annual yield of up to 1.2 billion tons worldwide. Five types of Chls are observed in nature, that can be distinguished and identified using spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Chl is also used in the food industry owing to its bioactivities, including obesity prevention, inflammation reduction, viral infection inhibition, anticancer effects, anti-oxidation, and immunostimulatory properties. It has great potential of being applied as a colorant and dietary supplement in the food industry. However, Chl is unstable under various enzymatic, acidic, heat, and light conditions, which limit its application. Although some strategies, such as aggregation with other food components, microencapsulation, and metal cation replacement, have been proposed to overcome these limitations, they are still not enough to facilitate its widespread application. Therefore, stabilization strategies and bioactivities of Chl need to be expected to expand its application in various fields, thereby aiding in the sustainable development of mankind.

The relationship of MITF gene expression and promoter methylation with plumage colour in quail.

1. This study focused on the relationship between MITF mRNA expression and plumage colour in quail and the effect of promoter methylation on the expression of MITF mRNA.2. The CDS region of MITF mRNA was cloned by RT-PCR, followed by DNA sequencing. The RT-qPCR method was used to analyse the expression levels of MITF mRNA in dorsal skin tissue in Korean quail and Beijing white quail. The promoter region of the MITF gene was cloned, and the CpG island was predicted by the CpGplot program. The methylation levels of the CpG island were analysed using BS-PCR technology.3. Quail MITF mRNA contains a 1,476 bp complete ORF, which encodes a 492 amino acid residue protein. The MITF protein has no signal peptide or transmembrane region. The expression of MITF mRNA in dorsal tissue of Korean quail was significantly higher than that in Beijing white quail (p < 0.01). Abundant cis-elements and a 346 bp CpG island were found in the promoter region of the MITF gene. The average methylation level of the CpG island was 22 (22%) in Korean quail, and 46 (30%) in Beijing white quail (p < 0.05).4. The hypermethylation of the MITF gene promoter region in Beijing white quail resulted in a decrease in expression level, which was related to white feather colour.

The spatiotemporal epidemiological study on human brucellosis in shenyang, China from 2013 to 2022.

Background: Epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis (HB) have changed over the last decade. In this study, we depicted the spatiotemporal features of HB in Shenyang, China, from 2013 to 2022 and the objective was to visualise spatiotemporal patterns and identify high-risk regions with the purpose to provide evidence for HB prevention and control. Methods: We performed an observational epidemiological study using HB data obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to determine the changing trends in the annual incidence. A vector boundary map of Shenyang was used to visualise spatial distribution. Spatial autocorrelation was identified using both global and local Moran's autocorrelation coefficients, while hotspot areas were determined using the Getis-Ord statistic. Results: A combined sum of 4103 HB cases were analysed, and the average level of annual incidence of HB was 5.52 per 100,000. The incidence of HB showed obvious seasonality, with a notable peak observed from April to July (summer peak). The annual incidence in Shenyang has been on the rise since 2013, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 6.39% (95%CI 1.29%, 12.39%). Xinmin County exhibited the most elevated average annual incidence rate, with Faku County ranking second. The average annual incidence in rural areas exhibited a significantly greater disparity compared to suburban areas (P < 0.001), whereas the incidence rate in suburban areas demonstrated a significantly higher contrast when compared to urban areas (P < 0.001). A clustered distribution of the annual incidence of HB was observed for all years from 2013 to 2022. Abnormally high values were found in suburban areas, and no abnormally high values were found after 2017. The low-low clustering areas were found in urban as well as suburban areas from 2013 to 2022. Hotspots (P < 0.05) were located in rural areas, while cold spots (P < 0.05) were found in both urban and suburban areas. Since 2020, there have been no hotspots in Shenyang. Conclusions: Rural areas are high-risk areas for HB and may be key to controlling HB epidemics. Although the annual incidence of HB in rural areas has increased, owing to the stability of spatial relationships and the disappearance of hotspots, there is little possibility of outbreaks; however, stricter monitoring should be applied in rural areas to prevent the emergence of new transmission routes.

Risk stratification by systemic manifestations secondary to hemodynamic disorders of patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation.

BACKGROUND: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a prevalent disease that triggers systemic pathological changes including cardiac, respiratory, hepatic and digestive, hematopoietic, renal and skin issues. The burden of extra-cardiac manifestations has not been well described in TR patients and the clinical impact is unknown. METHODS: Patients with severe or more-than-severe TR during hospitalization, who did not have any previous cardiac procedures, hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease or concomitant severe aortic or mitral valve disease, were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-specified criteria and diagnosis of baseline characteristics were used to evaluate the presence of extra-cardiac manifestations secondary to TR after excluding comorbidities that may also lead to corresponding abnormalities. Extra-cardiac involvements encompass respiratory, hepatic and, digestive, renal, hematopoietic and dermatic system. Staging criteria are defined as no extra-cardiac system involvement in Stage 1, one in Stage 2, at least two extra-cardiac involvements in Stage 3 and any end-stage organ failure in Stage 4. A telephone follow-up was conducted to record the composite endpoint namely all-cause death or cardiac rehospitalization after the index hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 258 patients were identified with a median age of 73 (interquartile range [IQR]: 62-83) years and 52.3% were female. Severe TR and more-than-severe TR patients accounted for 92.6% and 7.4% of the cohort. There were 20.5%, 27.5%, 37.6% and 14.3% of patients from Stage 1 to 4 respectively. The follow-up time was at a median of 251 (IQR: 183-324) days. TR Patients in Stage 3&4 were at an increased risk with borderline statistical significance to experience the composite endpoint compared to patients in Stage 1&2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 3.7, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of patients with at least severe TR presented with two or more extra-cardiac systemic manifestations, which may incur a 1.9-fold higher risk of all-cause death or cardiac rehospitalization than TR patients with one or less extra-cardiac involvement.

CGA alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and milk fat reduction in BMECs through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Mastitis is an easy clinical disease in dairy cows, which seriously affects the milk yield and quality of dairy cows. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic substance, is abundant in Eucommia ulmoides leaves and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects. Here, we explore whether CGA attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and decreased milk fat in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). 10 µg/mL LPS was used to induce mastitis in BMECs. QRT-PCR, Western blotting, oil red O staining, and triglyceride (TG) assay were used to examine the effects of CGA on BMECs, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress response, and milk fat synthesis. The results showed that CGA repaired LPS-induced inflammation in BMECs. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and iNOS was decreased, and the expression levels of CHOP, XCT, NRF2, and HO-1 were increased, which reduced the oxidative stress level of cells and alleviated the reduction of milk fat synthesis. In addition, the regulation of P65 phosphorylation by CGA suggests that CGA may exert its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study showed that CGA attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and restored the decrease in milk fat content in BMECs by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and objectives: There are concerns about the serological responses to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, particularly those receiving anti-TNF therapy. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. We calculated pooled seroconversion rate after COVID-19 vaccination and subgroup analysis for vaccine types and different treatments were performed. Additionally, we estimated pooled rate of T cell response, neutralization response, and breakthrough infections in this population. Results: 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy had relatively high overall seroconversion rate after complete vaccination, with no statistical difference in antibody responses associated with different drug treatments. The pooled positivity rate of T cell response was 0.85 in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. Compared with healthy controls, the positivity of neutralization assays was significantly lower in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. The pooled rate of breakthrough infections in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy was 0.04. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. However, IBD patients receiving anti-TNF have a relatively high rate of breakthrough infections and a low level of neutralization response.

An ultrasensitive photo-driven self-powered aptasensor for microcystin-RR assay based on ZnIn2S4/Ti3C2 MXenes integrated with a matching capacitor for multiple signal amplification.

A photo-driven self-powered aptasensor was constructed based on a matching capacitor and the ZnIn2S4/Ti3C2 heterojunction as the photoanode and Cu2O as the photocathode in a dual-photoelectrode sensing matrix for multiple signal amplification for the ultrasensitive detection of microcystin-RR (MC-RR). The introduction of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets on the photoanode surface can not only accelerate the transfer and separation of photoinduced electron/hole pairs, thus enhancing the output signal of the photo-driven self-powered system, but also provide a larger specific surface area for the immobilization of the bio-recognition unit aptamer. More importantly, for a portable and miniaturized device, a micro-workstation with the size of a universal serial bus (USB) disk and a novel short-circuit current access was proposed to capture the instantaneous output electrical signal for real-time data tracking. In such a way, a sensitivity of 2.7 mA pM-1 was achieved when the matching capacitor was integrated into the self-powered system, which was 22 times that without a capacitor. After the interaction between MC-RR and the corresponding aptamer, a 'signal-off' detection configuration was formed via the steric hindrance effect. Therefore, such a multiple signal amplification system realized the ultrasensitive and selective determination of MC-RR successfully. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of the self-powered aptasensor was 0.1 to 100 pM and the detection limit was 0.033 pM (S/N = 3). The aptasensor was applied to the detection of MC-RR in fish, exhibiting good reproducibility (≈3.88%), paving the way for detecting microcystins in real-life samples.

Imaging PIP2 and BCR microclusters in B cell immunological synapse.

The humoral immune response is dependent on B cell activation and differentiation, which is typically triggered by the formation of immunological synapses at the interface between B cells and the antigen presenting surfaces. However, due to the highly dynamic and transient feature of immunological synapses, it has been difficult to capture and investigate the molecular events that occur within them. The planar lipids bilayer (PLB) supported antigen presenting surface combined with high-resolution high-speed total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) live cell imaging system has been proved to be a powerful tool that allows us to visualize the dynamic events in immunological synapse. In addition, the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-biphosphate (PIP2) plays a unique role in B cell activation, and it is difficult to investigate the synaptic dynamics of PIP2 molecules. Hence, we describe here the general procedures for the utilization of a PLB based antigen presenting system combining TIRFM based imaging methods to visualize the spatial-temporal co-distribution of PIP2 and BCR microcluster within the B cell immunological synapse.

WITHDRAWN: RNA binding protein Musashi2 regulates dairy cows' mastitis by activating the TGFß signaling pathway.

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Puerarin Alleviates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress and Blood-Milk Barrier Impairment in Dairy Cows.

During the perinatal period, the bovine mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows exhibit vigorous metabolism and produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resulting redox balance disruption leads to oxidative stress, one of the main causes of mastitis. Puerarin (PUE) is a natural flavonoid in the root of PUE that has attracted extensive attention as a potential antioxidant. This study first investigated whether PUE could reduce oxidative damage and mastitis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro and elucidated the molecular mechanism. In vitro, BMECs (Bovine mammary epithelial cells) were divided into four treatment groups: Control group (no treatment), H2O2 group (H2O2 stimulation), PUE + H2O2 group (H2O2 stimulation before PUE rescue) and PUE group (positive control). The growth of BMECs in each group was observed, and oxidative stress-related indices were detected. Fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of tightly linked genes, antioxidant genes, and inflammatory factors. The expression of p65 protein was detected by Western blot. In vivo, twenty cows with an average age of 5 years having given birth three times were divided into the normal dairy cow group, normal dairy cow group fed PUE, mastitis dairy cow group fed PUE, and mastitis dairy cow group fed PUE (n = 5). The contents of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in milk and serum were detected. In BMECs, the results showed that the PUE treatment increased the activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC); ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were reduced. Thus, PUE alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in vitro. In addition, the PUE treatment eliminated the inhibition of H2O2 on the expression of oxidation genes and tight junction genes, and the enrichment degree of NRF-2, HO-1, xCT, and tight junctions (claudin4, occludin, ZO-1 and symplekin) increased. The PUE treatment also inhibited the expression of NF-κB-associated inflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-8) and the chemokine CCL5 in H2O2-induced BMECs. In vivo experiments also confirmed that feeding PUE can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in the milk and serum of lactating dairy cows. In conclusion, PUE can effectively reduce the oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells, enhance the tight junctions between cells, and play an anti-inflammatory role. This study provides a theoretical basis for PUE prevention and treatment of mastitis and oxidative stress. The use of PUE should be considered as a feed additive in future dairy farming.

More simple, efficient and accurate food research promoted by intermolecular interaction approaches: A review.

The investigation of intermolecular interactions has become increasingly important in many studies, mainly by combining different analytical approaches to reveal the molecular mechanisms behind specific experimental phenomena. From spectroscopic analysis to sophisticated molecular simulation techniques like molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and quantum chemical calculations (QCC), the mechanisms of intermolecular interactions are gradually being characterized more clearly and accurately, leading to revolutionary advances. This article aims to review the progression in the main techniques involving intermolecular interactions in food research and the corresponding experimental results. Finally, we discuss the significant impact that cutting-edge molecular simulation technologies may have on the future of conducting deeper exploration. Applications of molecular simulation technology may revolutionize the food research, making it possible to design new future foods with precise nutrition and desired properties.