Recent advancements in Fe-based catalysts for the efficient reduction of NOx by CO.

The technology of CO selective catalytic reduction of NOx (CO-SCR) showcases the potential to simultaneously eliminate CO and NOx from industrial flue gas and automobile exhaust, making it a promising denitrification method. The development of cost-effective catalysts is crucial for the widespread implementation of this technology. Transition metal catalysts are more economically viable than noble metal catalysts. Among these, Fe emerges as a prominent choice due to its abundant availability and cost-effectiveness, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance at moderate reaction temperatures. However, a significant challenge lies in achieving high catalytic activity at low temperatures, particularly in the presence of O2, SO2, and H2O, which are prevalent in specific industrial flue gas streams. This review examines the use of Fe-based catalysts in the CO-SCR reaction and elucidates their catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, it also discusses various strategies devised to enhance low-temperature conversion, taking into account factors such as crystal phase, valence states, and oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, the review outlines the challenges encountered by Fe-based catalysts and offers recommendations to improve their catalytic efficiency for use in low-temperature and oxygen-rich environments.

Simultaneously activating molecular oxygen and surface lattice oxygen on Pt/TiO2 for low-temperature CO oxidation.

Developing high-performance Pt-based catalysts with low Pt loading is crucial but challenging for CO oxidation at temperatures below 100 °C. Herein, we report a Pt-based catalyst with only a 0.15 wt% Pt loading, which consists of Pt-Ti intermetallic single-atom alloy (ISAA) and Pt nanoparticles (NP) co-supported on a defective TiO2 support, achieving a record high turnover frequency of 11.59 s-1 at 80 °C and complete conversion of CO at 120 °C. This is because the coexistence of Pt-Ti ISAA and Pt NP significantly alleviates the competitive adsorption of CO and O2, enhancing the activation of O2. Furthermore, Pt single atom sites are stabilized by Pt-Ti ISAA, resulting in distortion of the TiO2 lattice within Pt-Ti ISAA. This distortion activates the neighboring surface lattice oxygen, allowing for the simultaneous occurrence of the Mars-van Krevelen and Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction paths at low temperatures.

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Embryo Development Arrest During Early Pregnancy and Construction and Validation of its Prediction Model.

Context: The early symptoms of embryo development arrest are not typical. There is currently no model tool available to predict embryo development arrest. Objective: To explore the influencing factors of embryo development arrest in early pregnancy and build a risk prediction model. Methods: From May 2019 to March 2023, 277 patients suspected of embryonic development arrest during the first ultrasound examination in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively selected as the study subjects. They were divided into diapause group and non-diapause group according to the second ultrasound (review after 1-2 weeks) to diagnose whether embryo development arrest. Collect two sets of data for analysis, Screen out the influencing factors of early pregnancy embryo development arrest. The logistic regression model and random forest model were constructed respectively. Evaluate the predictive performance of two statistical models. Results: Out of 277 suspected cases of embryonic developmental arrest, 88 were ultimately confirmed. Older age (OR: 2.259, P = .017), higher ultrasonic blood flow resistance index (RI) (OR: 1.728, P = .038), higher ultrasonic gestational sac diameter/embryo head hip length ratio (MSD/CRL) (OR:1.919, P = .007), lower progesterone (OR: 0.562, P = .011), and lower pregnancy-associated protein A (PAPP-A) (OR: 0.495, P = .023). The low expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (OR: 0.618, P = .005) was the influencing factor of embryo development arrest in early pregnancy. Building a prediction model based on the above indicators, it was found through testing that the random forest model is superior to the logistic regression model in predicting the risk of embryo development arrest. Conclusion: A random forest model based on age, ultrasound RI, progesterone, PAPP-A, ultrasound MSD/CRL ratio, and VEGF index can help clinicians identify the risk of embryonic developmental arrest.

High-Index Faceted Cu2 O@CuO Mesocrystals Act as Efficient Catalyst for Si Hydrochlorination to Trichlorosilane.

Mesocrystals (MCs) with high-index facets may have superior catalytic properties to those with low-index facets and their nanocrystal counterparts. However, synthesizing such mesocrystal materials is still very challenging because of the metastability of MCs and energetic high-index crystal facets. This work reports a successful solvothermal method followed by calcination for synthesizing copper oxide-based MCs possessing a core-shell structure (denoted as Cu2 O@CuO HIMCs). Furthermore, these MCs are predominantly bounded by the high-index facets such as {311} or {312} with a high-density of stepped atoms. When used as catalysts in Si hydrochlorination to produce trichlorosilane (TCS, the primary feedstock of high-purity crystalline Si), Cu2 O@CuO HIMCs exhibit significantly enhanced Si conversion and TCS selectivity compared to those with flat surfaces and their nanostructured counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that both the core-shell structure and the high-index surface contribute to the increased electron density of Cu sites in Cu2 O@CuO HIMCs, promoting the adsorption and dissociation of HCl and stabilizing the dissociated Cl* intermediate. This work provides a simple method for synthesizing high-index faceted MCs and offers a feasible strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of MCs.

Isolating Single Sn Atoms in CuO Mesocrystal to Form Ordered Atomic Interfaces: An Effective Strategy for Designing Highly Efficient Mesocrystal Catalysts.

Tuning the electronic structures of mesocrystals at the atomic level is an effective approach to obtaining unprecedented properties. Here, a lattice-confined strategy to obtain isolated single-site Sn atoms in CuO mesocrystals to improve catalytic performance is reported. The Sn/CuO mesocrystal composite (Sn/CuO MC) has ordered Sn-O-Cu atomic interfaces originated from the long-range ordering of the CuO mesocrystal itself. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements confirm that the positively charged Sn atoms can tune the electronic structure of the Cu atoms to some extent in Sn/CuO MC, quite different from that in the conventional single-atom Sn-modified CuO nanoparticles and nanoparticulate SnO2 -modified CuO mesocrystal catalysts. When tested for the Si hydrochlorination reaction to produce trichlorosilane, Sn/CuO MC exhibits significantly better performances than the above two catalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal the electronic modification to the active Cu component and the induced improvement in HCl adsorption, and thus enhance the catalytic performance. This work demonstrates how to design efficient metal oxide mesocrystal catalysts through an electronic structure modification approach.

Isolating Contiguous Ir Atoms and Forming Ir-W Intermetallics with Negatively Charged Ir for Efficient NO Reduction by CO.

The lack of efficient catalysts with a wide working temperature window and vital O2 and SO2 resistance for selective catalytic reduction of NO by CO (CO-SCR) largely hinders its implementation. Here, a novel Ir-based catalyst with only 1 wt% Ir loading is reported for efficient CO-SCR. In this catalyst, contiguous Ir atoms are isolated into single atoms, and Ir-W intermetallic nanoparticles are formed, which are supported on ordered mesoporous SiO2 (KIT-6). Notably, this catalyst enables complete NO conversion to N2 at 250 °C in the presence of 1% O2 and has a wide temperature window (250-400 °C), outperforming the comparison samples with Ir isolated-single-atomic-sites and Ir nanoparticles, respectively. Also, it possesses a high SO2 tolerance. Both experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that single Ir atoms are negatively charged, dramatically enhancing the NO dissociation, while the Ir-W intermetallic nanoparticles accelerate the reduction of the N2 O and NO2 intermediates by CO.

Functional Brain Network Analysis of Knowledge Transfer While Engineering Problem-Solving.

As a complex cognitive activity, knowledge transfer is mostly correlated to cognitive processes such as working memory, behavior control, and decision-making in the human brain while engineering problem-solving. It is crucial to explain how the alteration of the functional brain network occurs and how to express it, which causes the alteration of the cognitive structure of knowledge transfer. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms of knowledge transfer are rarely considered in existing studies. Thus, this study proposed functional connectivity (FC) to describe and evaluate the dynamic brain network of knowledge transfer while engineering problem-solving. In this study, we adopted the modified Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (M-WCST) reported in the literature. The neural activation of the prefrontal cortex was continuously recorded for 31 participants using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Concretely, we discussed the prior cognitive level, knowledge transfer distance, and transfer performance impacting the wavelet amplitude and wavelet phase coherence. The paired t-test results showed that the prior cognitive level and transfer distance significantly impact FC. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed that both wavelet amplitude and phase coherence are significantly correlated to the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex. Therefore, brain FC is an available method to evaluate cognitive structure alteration in knowledge transfer. We also discussed why the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and occipital face area (OFA) distinguish themselves from the other brain areas in the M-WCST experiment. As an exploratory study in NeuroManagement, these findings may provide neurophysiological evidence about the functional brain network of knowledge transfer while engineering problem-solving.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 silencing by microRNA-765 produces anti-ovarian cancer cell activity.

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) overexpression promotes ovarian cancer progression, and represents an important therapeutic oncotarget. This current study identified microRNA-765 (miR-765) as a novel BRD4-targeting miRNA. We showed that miR-765 directly associated with and silenced BRD4. In primary ovarian cancer cells and established cell lines (SKOV3 and CaOV3), ectopic overexpression of miR-765 inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis activation. In contrast, miR-765 inhibition by its anti-sense induced BRD4 upregulation to promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Significantly, miR-765 overexpression-induced anti-ovarian cancer cell activity was largely attenuated by restoring BRD4 expression through an UTR-null BRD4 construct. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-induced BRD4 knockout (KO)inhibited proliferation and activated apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. BRD4 KO in ovarian cancer cells abolished the functional impact of miR-765. miR-765 expression levels were downregulated in human ovarian cancer tissues and cells, correlating with the upregulation of BRD4 mRNA. Collectively, BRD4 silencing by miR-765produces significant anti-ovarian cancer cell activity. miR-765 could be further tested for its anti-ovarian cancer potential.

A general strategy to prepare atomically dispersed biomimetic catalysts based on host-guest chemistry.

Herein, we report a general strategy based on host-guest interactions to fabricate atomically dispersed biomimetic catalysts, which were evaluated by diboration of phenylacetylene. The structure and function of these mimics are quite similar to those of enzymes, namely, the atomically dispersed metal serves as an active site, the external macromolecular structure plays a role as an enzyme catalytic pocket to stabilize the reaction intermediates and the interactions between the intermediates and functional groups near to the active site can reduce the reaction activation energy.

Architectural Cu2O@CuO mesocrystals as superior catalyst for trichlorosilane synthesis.

As compared with conventional nanocrystal systems, Cu-based mesocrystals have demonstrated distinct advantages in catalytic applications. Here, we report the preparation of a novel architectural Cu2O@CuO catalyst system integrated with the core/shell and mesocrystal structures (Cu2O@CuO MC) via a facile solvothermal process followed by calcination. The formation mechanism of the Cu2O@CuO MC with hexapod morphology was deciphered based on a series of time-dependent experiments and characterizations. When applied as a Cu-based catalyst to produce trichlorosilane (TCS) via Si hydrochlorination reaction, the Cu2O@CuO MC exhibited a much higher Si conversion, TCS selectivity, and stability than the catalyst-free industrial process and the Cu2O@CuO catalyst with a core-shell nanostructure. The enhanced catalytic efficiency of the former is attributed to the collective effects from its quite rough surface for providing abundant adsorption sites, the ordered nanoparticle arrangement in the core and shell for generating strong synergistic effects, and the micrometer size for the improved structural stability. This work demonstrates a practical route for designing sophisticated architectural structures that combine several structural functions within one catalyst system and their catalysis applications.

Catalytic Scenarios Over Metal-Carbon Interaction Interface.

Numerous efforts have been devoted to investigating the catalytic events and disclosing the catalytic nature of the metal-carbon interaction interface. Nevertheless, the local deconstruction of catalytically active metal-carbon interface was still missing. Herein, the selected four types of landmark catalytic paradigms were highlighted, which was expected to clarify their essence and thus simplify the catalytic scenarios of the metal-carbon interface-carbon-supported metal nanoparticles, carbon-confined single-atom sites, chainmail catalysis, and the Mott-Schottky effect. The potential challenges and new opportunities were also proposed in the field. This perspective is believed to give an in-depth understanding of the catalytic nature of the metal-carbon interaction interface and in turn provide rational guidance to the delicate design of novel high-performance carbon-supported metal catalysts.

Single-atom Sn-Zn pairs in CuO catalyst promote dimethyldichlorosilane synthesis.

Single-atom catalysts are of great interest because they can maximize the atom-utilization efficiency and generate unique catalytic properties; however, much attention has been paid to single-site active components, rarely to catalyst promoters. Promoters can significantly affect the activity and selectivity of a catalyst, even at their low concentrations in catalysts. In this work, we designed and synthesized CuO catalysts with atomically dispersed co-promoters of Sn and Zn. When used as the catalyst in the Rochow reaction for the synthesis of dimethyldichlorosilane, this catalyst exhibited much-enhanced activity, selectivity and stability compared with the conventional CuO catalysts with promoters in the form of nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that single-atomic Sn substitution in the CuO surface can enrich surface Cu vacancies and promote dispersion of Zn to its atomic levels. Sn and Zn single sites as the co-promoters cooperatively generate electronic interaction with the CuO support, which further facilitates the adsorption of the reactant molecules on the surface, thereby leading to the superior catalytic performance.

Emerging Nonaqueous Aluminum-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives.

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are regarded as viable alternatives to lithium-ion technology because of their high volumetric capacity, their low cost, and the rich abundance of aluminum. However, several serious drawbacks of aqueous systems (passive film formation, hydrogen evolution, anode corrosion, etc.) hinder the large-scale application of these systems. Thus, nonaqueous AIBs show incomparable advantages for progress in large-scale electrical energy storage. However, nonaqueous aluminum battery systems are still nascent, and various technical and scientific obstacles to designing AIBs with high capacity and long cycling life have not been resolved until now. Moreover, the aluminum cell is a complex device whose energy density is determined by various parameters, most of which are often ignored, resulting in failure to achieve the maximum performance of the cell. The purpose here is to discuss how to further develop reliable nonaqueous AIBs. First, the current status of nonaqueous AIBs is reviewed based on statistical data from the literature. The influence of parameters on energy density is analyzed, and the current situation and existing problems are summarized. Furthermore, possible solutions and concerns regarding the construction of reliable nonaqueous AIBs are comprehensively discussed. Finally, future research directions and prospects in the aluminum battery field are proposed.

Metal/oxide interfacial effects on the selective oxidation of primary alcohols.

A main obstacle in the rational development of heterogeneous catalysts is the difficulty in identifying active sites. Here we show metal/oxide interfacial sites are highly active for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and other industrially important primary alcohols on a range of metals and oxides combinations. Scanning tunnelling microscopy together with density functional theory calculations on FeO/Pt(111) reveals that benzyl alcohol enriches preferentially at the oxygen-terminated FeO/Pt(111) interface and undergoes readily O-H and C-H dissociations with the aid of interfacial oxygen, which is also validated in the model study of Cu2O/Ag(111). We demonstrate that the interfacial effects are independent of metal or oxide sizes and the way by which the interfaces were constructed. It inspires us to inversely support nano-oxides on micro-metals to make the structure more stable against sintering while the number of active sites is not sacrificed. The catalyst lifetime, by taking the inverse design, is thereby significantly prolonged.

Intermetallic Nix My (M = Ga and Sn) Nanocrystals: A Non-precious Metal Catalyst for Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes.

Intermetallic Nix My (M = Ga and Sn) nanocrystals with uniform particle size and controlled composition are successfully synthesized via a solution-based co-reduction strategy. The as-obtained nanocrystals are crystalline and structurally ordered. The active-site isolation and modified electronic structure are responsible for the excellent catalytic performance for alkyne semi-hydrogenation of the as-obtained non-precious catalysts.

Yolk bishell Mn(x)Co(1-x)Fe2O4 hollow microspheres and their embedded form in carbon for highly reversible lithium storage.

The yolk-shell hollow structure of transition metal oxides has many applications in lithium-ion batteries and catalysis. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate uniform hollow microspheres with the yolk bishell structure for mixed transition metal oxides and their supported or embedded forms in carbon microspheres with superior lithium storage properties. Here we report a new approach to the synthesis of manganese cobalt iron oxides/carbon (MnxCo1-xFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)) microspheres through carbonization of Mn(2+)Co(2+)Fe(3+)/carbonaceous microspheres in N2, which can be directly applied as high-performance anodes with a long cycle life for lithium storage. Furthermore, uniform hollow microspheres with a MnxCo1-xFe2O4 yolk bishell structure are obtained by annealing the above MnxCo1-xFe2O4/carbon microspheres in air. As demonstrated, these anodes exhibited a high reversible capacity of 498.3 mAh g(-1) even after 500 cycles for Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4/carbon microspheres and 774.6 mAh g(-1) over 100 cycles for Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 yolk bishell hollow microspheres at the current density of 200 mA g(-1). The present strategy not only develops a high-performance anode material with long cycle life for lithium-ion batteries but also demonstrates a novel and feasible technique for designed synthesis of transition metal oxides yolk bishell hollow microspheres with various applications.

Heterogeneous selective hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate to methanol and ethylene glycol over a copper chromite nanocatalyst.

Heterogeneous selective hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate (EC), a key step in indirect conversion of CO2, was realized over a copper chromite nanocatalyst prepared via a hydrothermal method followed by calcination. The selectivities towards methanol (60%) and ethylene glycol (93%) were higher than those achieved over other usual hydrogenation catalysts.

Three-dimensional assembly of single-layered MoS(2).

Assembly of single layers: Three-dimensional assembly of single-layered MoS2 is achieved on a large scale via a solution method. The as-prepared tubular architectures have tunable size and mesopores in the shell, which are desirable for applications. As a example, they exhibit excellent lithium storage properties and are highly active for hydrodesulfurization of thiophene resulting from their structural advantages.