The empirical effect of agricultural social services on pesticide inputs.

Agricultural social services (ASS) play an important role in improving the efficiency of agricultural operations, reducing agricultural production costs, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Using data from the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey, this study analyzes the impact of ASS on reducing pesticide inputs. The results show: (1) ASS play a significantly positive role in reducing pesticide inputs. (2) Heterogeneity analyses show that ASS' role in reducing pesticide inputs is stronger for farming households with small farms, which participate in cooperatives, and do not have members involved in non-farm employment than that for farming households with large farms, which do not participate in cooperatives, and have members involved in non-farm employment. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that ASS' green perception and demonstration-led effects contribute to reducing pesticide inputs by 148.6% and 36.8%, respectively, at the 1% level. Finally, this study proposes relevant policy recommendations for promoting ASS, promoting the continuous operation of farmland, and encouraging farmers to participate in ASS.

Management of green economy in China and India: dynamics of poverty and policy drivers.

Poverty eradication and environmental degradation are the two crucial challenges, and they are highly interlinked in the modern era. However, countries are still more emphasized in attaining poverty alleviation and alleviating environmental pollution which require enormous attention. Our study is a novel attempt to scrutinize the effect of poverty on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for India and China over the sample period 1987-2019. Findings attained from the ARDL model suggest that a rise in poverty contributes to growing CO2 emissions in India only in short run. Further, findings show that poverty is the principal source of pollution in the long term in India and China. Empirical results proposed focal policy implications in the light of sustainable development goals for India and China.