(-)-Gallocatechin Gallate: A Novel Chemical Marker to Distinguish Triadica cochinchinensis Honey.

Triadica cochinchinensis honey (TCH) is collected from the nectar of the medicinal plant T. cochinchinensis and is considered the most important honey variety in southern China. TCH has significant potential medicinal properties and commercial value. However, reliable markers for application in the authentication of TCH have not yet been established. Herein, a comprehensive characterization of the botanical origin and composition of TCH was conducted by determining the palynological characteristics and basic physicochemical parameters. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to investigate the flavonoid profile composition of TCH, T. cochinchinensis nectar (TCN) and 11 other common varieties of Chinese commercial honey. (-)-Gallocatechin gallate (GCG) was identified as a reliable flavonoid marker for TCH, which was uniquely shared with TCN but absent in the other 11 honey types. Furthermore, the authentication method was validated, and an accurate quantification of GCG in TCH and TCN was conducted. Overall, GCG can be applied as a characteristic marker to identify the botanical origin of TCH.

[Cannulated screw fixation through posteromedial approach screw for the treatment of tibial avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament].

OBJECTIVE: To explore therapeutic effects of cannulated screw fixation through posteromedial approach for the treatment of tibial avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: From February 2007 to March 2012, 36 patients with tibial avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament were reviewed. Among the patients, 28 patients were male and 8 patients were female, ranging in age from 16 to 57 years old,averaged 35 years old. All fractures were fresh closed fracture. The posterior drawer test and heavy sign were positive in all patients. AP X-ray of knee joints of all patients showed avulsion fracture flaps at the posterior tibia platform. All the patients were treated with cannulated screw fixation through posteromedial approach, and function exercise performed after operation. The Lysholm criterion was used to evaluate clinical effects. RESULTS: All the patients had successful operation, and were followed up. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months, with an average of 12 months. The fractures healed at 3 months after operation. According to Lysholm knee joint evaluation criteria, 30 patients got an excellent result, 4 good and 2 poor,the average score was 92.2 +/- 3.8. CONCLUSION: Cannulated screw fixation through posteromedial approach for the treatment of tibial avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament is effective to recover joint function to large extent, which is a safe, simple and effective surgical method.