The complete chloroplast genome of Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain (Fabaceae) from Guangxi, China.

Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Prain is an ethnomedicinal plant with high nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome of F. macrophylla. The chloroplast genome has a typical quadripartite structure with a genome size of 152,988 bp, including a large single-copy (LSC) of 83,634 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) of 17,774 bp and two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,790 bp. The genome contains 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding, 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC content is 35.1%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that F. macrophylla grouped with a clade containing the genera of Fagelia, Dolichos, Eriosema, Dunbaria and Cajanus in Fabaceae. This study provides essential data and insight for understanding the phylogenetic placement of Flemingia.

The complete chloroplast genome of Damnacanthus indicus C.F.Gaertn. (Rubiaceae).

Damnacanthus indicus C.F.Gaertn. is an understorey shrub widely distributed in East Asia. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of D. indicus was assembled and annotated. The chloroplast genome is 153,997 bp in total length, consisting of a large single-copy region (LSC 85,159 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC 17,584 bp) and two inverted repeat regions (25,627 bp for IRA and IRB,respectively). It contains 134 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that D. indicus is sister to Mitchella repens, suggesting a close relationship of the two genera.

[Study on different ploidy Siraitia grosvenorii and their genetic relationship by FTIR].

Siraitia grosvenorii was an important Chinese traditional medicine. The spectra of leaf of diploid, triploid and tetraploid Siraitia grosvenorii were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with OMNI sampler directly, fast and accurately. And based on the indices of wave number-absorbance from different bands and through comparison of differences of these infrared spectra the ploidy difference and genetic relationship of Siraitia grosvenorii were studied by the methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results showed that for the ploidy, the position relationship of PCA three-dimensional-plot and the distance coefficient of clustering analysis plot between diploid and tetraploid were most remarkbly different, and the triploid was basically between diploid and tetraploid, so the ploidy was more different, the position relationship of PCA and the distance coefficient of clustering analysis were further, and the law was: 2 X < 3 X < 4 X. At the same time, the genetic relationship was further with each other while the position relationship of PCA and distance coefficient of clustering analysis was further too. And the genetic relationship of triploid was affected by the different male parent while their female parent was the same one. Therefore, using FTIR based on PCA and cluster analysis we could reveal the difference of ploidy and the genetic relationship between Siraitia grosvenorii to a certain extent. FTIR could be used for excellently polyploidy species breeding of Siraitia grosvenorii.

[Analysis and evaluation of taxol contents in different parts between Taxus media and Taxus mairei based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy].

In the present study, combined with external standard method, second derivative as well as curve-fitting equation, the infrared spectroscopy techniques were applied to research the discrepancy of paclitaxel content among different parts of them repectively as well as the differences of infrared spectral character between Taxus Media (T. Media) and Taxus Mairei (T. Mairei). The results showed: (1) The band around 1516, 1371, 1 244, 1109 and 773 cm(-1) was markedly enhanced when paclitaxel standard sample was added by more than 0. 004 5 mg to original traditional Chinese materials, in addition, in infrared fingerprint area, the second derivative spectra show that there was good corresponding peak between traditional Chinese materials and standard paclitaxel sample around 1371, 1315, 1244, 1143, 1106, 1070, 1022 and 773 cm(-1), furthermore, the intensity of above character band would increase accompanying with increased standard paclitaxel sample. So, the band character around 1371, 1315, 1244, 1143, 1106, 1070, 1022 and 773 cm(-1) could be used to evaluate paclitaxel content of T. media and T. mairei; (2) Around 1800-700 cm(-1), IR spectral features suggest that two kinds of Chinese yew had quite similar infrared vibration character, but when Gaussian function was applied to decompose the band around 1058 cm(-1), the result demonstrated that the T. media were decomposed with 8 while T. mairei were only decomposed with 7 component bands. (3) Second-derivative and curve-fitting equation analysis demonstrated that there were certain differences of paclitaxel content between T. media and T. mairei as well as different parts of them. Specifically, the paclitaxel content of T. media was higher than T. mairei, while the paclitaxel content in leaf of T. media was highest, on the contrary, the paclitaxel content in root of T. mairei was highest when comparing the content among the different parts of T. media and T. mairei respectively. Therefore, above methods could be quickly analyze and evaluate the differences of paclitaxel content between T. media and T. mairei as well as the different parts of them.

Some advances in plant stress physiology and their implications in the systems biology era.

The study for biointerfaces at different scales in the past years has pricked up the march of biological sciences, in which biomembrane concept and its characteristics, receptor proteins, ion channel proteins, LEA proteins, calcium and newly recognized second messengers, ROS, MAPKs and their related sensors and new genes in osmoregulation, signal transduction, and other aspects have been understood fully, widening area of understanding the extensive interactions from biosystem and biointerfaces. The related discipline, plant stress physiology, especially, crop stress physiology has gained much attention world widely, the important reason of which is from the reducing quality of global ecoenvironment and decreasing food supply. This short review will place a stress on the recent progresses in plant stress physiology, combined with the new results from our State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau.