The diagnostic or prognostic values of FADD in cancers based on pan­cancer analysis.

Previous studies have determined that aberrant expression of the fas-associated death domain (FADD) contributes to the development of cancer. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been reported to explore the relationship between FADD and various cancers. Multiple databases were screened to identify cancer datasets for the present study and to validate the expression of FADD in various tumors. The association of FADD alteration with cancer prognosis, clinical features and tumor immunity was also evaluated. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilized to confirm the expression of FADD in breast, colon, liver and gastric cancer cells. Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that FADD was highly expressed in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and prostate adenocarcinoma, whereas RT-qPCR results revealed that FADD was highly expressed in breast cancer and colon cancer. Further analyses demonstrated that FADD expression was significantly altered in ESCA, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), lung squamous cell carcinoma and BRCA. FADD expression was observed to be a risk factor of the overall survival in patients with HNSC, LIHC and LUAD as demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The results of the present study demonstrated that FADD is highly expressed in numerous malignancies and can be utilized as a biomarker for the diagnosis of BRCA, COAD, LIHC and stomach adenocarcinoma. Moreover, FADD expression is a predictive risk factor for the development of HNSC, LIHC and LUAD and can potentially be used as a prognostic marker for these cancers.

Constructing a novel signature and predicting the immune landscape of colon cancer using N6-methylandenosine-related lncRNAs.

Background: Colon cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that affects people all around the world. In this study, N6-methylandenosine-related long non-coding RNAs (m6A-related lncRNAs) in 473 colon cancers and 41 adjacent tissues of CC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were investigated. Method: The Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the m6A-related lncRNAs, and the univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to screen 38 prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were carried out on 38 prognostic lncRNAs to develop a 14 m6A-related lncRNAs prognostic signature (m6A-LPS) in CC. The availability of the m6A-LPS was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Three m6A modification patterns with significantly different N stages, survival time, and immune landscapes were identified. It has been discovered that the m6A-LPS, which is based on 14 m6A-related lncRNAs (TNFRSF10A-AS1, AC245041.1, AL513550.1, UTAT33, SNHG26, AC092944.1, ITGB1-DT, AL138921.1, AC099850.3, NCBP2-AS1, AL137782.1, AC073896.3, AP006621.2, AC147651.1), may represent a new, promising biomarker with great potential. It was re-evaluated in terms of survival rate, clinical features, tumor infiltration immune cells, biomarkers related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), and chemotherapeutic drug efficacy. The m6A-LPS has been revealed to be a novel potential and promising predictor for evaluating the prognosis of CC patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that the risk signature is a promising predictive indicator that may provide more accurate clinical applications in CC therapeutics and enable effective therapy strategies for clinicians.

MTF1 has the potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for gastric cancer and is associated with good prognosis.

PURPOSE: Metal Regulatory Transcription Factor 1 (MTF1) can be an essential transcription factor for heavy metal response in cells and can also reduce oxidative and hypoxic stresses in cells. However, the current research on MTF1 in gastric cancer is lacking. METHODS: Bioinformatics techniques were used to perform expression analysis, prognostic analysis, enrichment analysis, tumor microenvironment correlation analysis, immunotherapy Immune cell Proportion Score (IPS) correlation and drug sensitivity correlation analysis of MTF1 in gastric cancer. And qRT-PCR was used to verify MTF1 expression in gastric cancer cells and tissues. RESULTS: MTF1 showed low expression in gastric cancer cells and tissues, and low expression in T3 stage compared with T1 stage. KM prognostic analysis showed that high expression of MTF1 was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS), FP (first progression) and PPS (post-progression survival) in gastric cancer patients. Cox regression analysis showed that MTF1 was an independent prognostic factor and a protective factor in gastric cancer patients. MTF1 is involved in pathways in cancer, and the high expression of MTF1 is negatively correlated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of common chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION: MTF1 is relatively lowly expressed in gastric cancer. MTF1 is also an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients and is associated with good prognosis. It has the potential to be a diagnostic and prognostic marker for gastric cancer.

Comprehensive analysis of the role of ICOS ( CD278 ) in pan-cancer prognosis and immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The immunological checkpoint known as Inducible T Cell Costimulatory Factor (ICOS, Cluster of Differentiation, CD278) is activated and expressed on T cells. Both somatic cells and antigen-presenting cells expressed its ligand, ICOSL (including tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment).It is important for immunosuppression. Uncertainty surrounds the function of ICOS in tumor immunity. METHODS: Several bioinformatics techniques were employed by us to thoroughly examine the expression and prognostic value of ICOS in 33 cancers based on data collected from TCGA and GTEx. In addition, ICOS was explored with pathological stage, tumor-infiltrating cells, immune checkpoint genes, mismatch repair (MMR) genes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), microsatellite instability (MSI),and tumor mutation burden (TMB).In addition,To ascertain the level of ICOS expression in various cells, qRT-PCR was employed. RESULTS: The findings revealed that ICOS expression was up regulation in most cancer types. The high expression of ICOS in tumor samples was related to the poor prognosis of UVM and LGG; The positive prognosis was boosted by the strong expression of ICOS in OV, SARC, SKCM, THYM, UCEC, and HNSC. The result is that the expression of malignancy was revealed by the immune cells' invasion.profile of ICOS in different types of cancer. Different ways that ICOS expression is connected to immune cell infiltration account for variations in patient survival. Additionally, the TMB, MSI, MMR, and DNMT genes as well as ICOS expression are linked in many cancer types.The results of PCR showed that it is highly expressed in gastric, breast, liver and renal cell carcinoma cell lines compared with normal cells. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that ICOS may be a potential tumor immunotherapy target and prognostic marker.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of long noncoding RNA 00963 expression and prognosis and clinicopathological characteristic in human cancers.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have indicated that the aberrant expression of LINC00963 is extensively present in various human tumors, and that dysregulation of LINC00963 is implicated in the initiation and progression of human cancers. In this meta-analysis, data from diverse malignancies were analyzed to determine whether LINC00963 expression levels were associated with clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The eligible studies were identified from several electronic databases from the inception to July 2022 through systematic research. LINC00963 expression and survival were estimated using pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and COX analysis for survival analysis. In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis was used to uncover any correlation between LINC00963 and microsatellites instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), immune checkpoint biomarkers, and the related genes of mismatch repair (MMR). RESULTS: Our findings indicated that overexpression of LINC00963 was related to poor overall survival (OS) (HR =1.32, 95% CI, 1.09-1.59, P = 0.004). The TCGA database also found that abnormal expression of LINC00963 was linked to overall survival in various cancers. Moreover, there is an association between LINC00963 expression and MSI, TMB, and MMR in malignancies of various types. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that LINC00963 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cancer. By using it, cancer diagnoses can be improved, treatment targets discovered, and prognostic questions improved.

PAIP2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration.

Breast cancer is the second highest incidence of cancer in the world. It is of great significance to find biomarkers to diagnose breast cancer and predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. PAIP2 is a poly (A) -binding protein interacting protein that regulates the expression of VEGF. However, the possible role of PAIP2 in the progression of breast cancer is still unknown. RT-qRCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer cells and normal breast cells. The data of breast cancer samples were obtained in the TCGA database and the HPA database to analyze the expression of PAIP2 in breast cancer samples. Transwell experiment and CCK8 experiment confirmed the changes in the invasion and proliferation ability of PAIP2 after siRNA was down-regulated. Using bioinformatics technology to explore the prognostic value of PAIP2 and its possible biological function, and its effect on tumor immunity and immunotherapy. Studies have shown that PAIP2 has higher expression in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. PAIP2 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells and has significantly high expression in higher tumor stages. The high expression of PAIP2 is associated with better OS in breast cancer patients and is negatively correlated with most chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and IPS in cancer immunotherapy. Our study explored the potential value of PAIP2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis and may predict the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing reference for the follow-up study on the role of PAIP2 in breast cancer.

LncRNA DUXAP8 as a prognostic biomarker for various cancers: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Dual homeoboxes A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA that has been shown to function as an oncogene in a variety of human malignant cancers. By integrating available data, this meta-analysis sought to determine the relationship between clinical prognosis and DUXAP8 expression levels in diverse malignancies. Materials and methods: A systematic search was performed to identify eligible studies from several electronic databases from their inception to 25 October 2021. Pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI were used to estimate the association between DUXAP8 expression and survival. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method and COX analysis were used. Furthermore, we utilized Spearman's correlation analysis to explore the correlation between DUXAP8 and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), the related genes of mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and immune checkpoint biomarkers. Results: Our findings indicated that overexpression of DUXAP8 was related to poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.49-1.77, p < 0.001). In addition, elevated DUXAP8 expression was closely related to poor OS in several cancers in the TCGA database. Moreover, DUXAP8 expression has been associated with TMB, MSI, and MMR in a variety of malignancies. Conclusion: This study revealed that DUXAP8 might serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cancer. It can be used to improve cancer diagnosis, discover potential treatment targets, and improve prognosis.

Clinicopathological Significance and Prognostic Values of Long Noncoding RNA BCYRN1 in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Analysis.

Background: Although combination therapies have substantially improved the clinical outcomes of cancer patients, the prognosis and early diagnosis remain unsatisfactory. As a result, it is critical to look for novel indicators linked to cancer. Despite a number of recent studies indicating that the lncRNA brain cytoplasmic RNA1(BCYRN1) may be a potential predictive biomarker in cancer patients, BCYRN1's prognostic value is still being debated. Methods: We utilized PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to search for studies related to BCYRN1 until October 2021. Valid data were extracted after determining the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and forest plots were made using Stata software. We used hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the relationship between abnormal BCYRN1 expression and patient prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Meta-analysis revealed that increased BCYRN1 expression was associated with both overall tumor survival (OS; HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.51-2.25, p < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.20-2.26, p=0.002). Furthermore, a strong association was discovered between increased BCYRN1 expression and tumor invasion depth (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.49-2.99, p=0.000), clinical stage (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.18-5.37, p=0.017), and distant tumor metastasis (OR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.45-12.05, p=0.008). Conclusions: We found that high BCYRN1 expression was associated with poor survival prognosis and aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in various cancers, indicating that it is a potential prognostic indicator as well as a therapeutic target. Further research is needed on pan-cancer cohorts to determine the clinical relevance of BCYRN1 in distinct cancer types.

Identification of IMPA2 as the hub gene associated with colorectal cancer and liver metastasis by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with high incidence and mortality rate, while colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the hub gene associated with CRC carcinogenesis and liver metastasis, and then explore its diagnostic and prognostic value as well as the potential regulation mechanism. METHODS: The overlapping differential co-expression genes among CRC, CRLM, and normal tissues were explored on the GSE49355 and GSE81582 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Then, the hub prognostic genes were selected from the overlapping genes by univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and online database Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). Subsequently, the clinical value of the hub genes was evaluated in the TCGA and GSE39582 cohorts. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of the hub gene regulating CRC carcinogenesis and metastasis were explored by Gene function annotation and DNA methylation analysis. RESULTS: Inositol mono-phosphatase 2 (IMPA2) was identified as the hub gene associated with CRC carcinogenesis and liver metastasis. IMPA2 had an excellent diagnostic efficiency, and its expression was significantly decreased in CRC and liver metastasis samples, being positively correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, its low expression was associated with AJCC stage III+IV, T4, N1+2, and M1. In addition, our results revealed that the potential mechanisms used by IMPA2 to mediate CRC carcinogenesis and metastasis could be associated with lipid metabolism and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, IMPA2 expression could be regulated by DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS: IMPA2 was identified and reported for the first time as a hub gene biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, which could regulate CRC carcinogenesis and liver metastasis through the regulation of lipid metabolism, EMT, and DNA methylation.