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Isodesmic reactions, in which chemical bonds are redistributed between substrates and products, provide a general and powerful strategy for both biological and chemical synthesis. However, most isodesmic reactions involve either metathesis or functional-group transfer. Here, we serendipitously discovered a novel isodesmic reaction of indoles and anilines that proceeds intramolecularly under weakly acidic conditions. In this process, the five-membered ring of the indole motif is broken and a new indole motif is constructed on the aniline side, accompanied by the formation of a new aniline motif. Mechanistic studies revealed the pivotal role of σâπ* hyperconjugation on the nitrogen atom of the indole motif in driving this unusual isodesmic reaction. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized a diverse series of polycyclic indole derivatives; among quinolines, potential antitumor agents were identified using cellular and in vivo experiments, thereby demonstrating the synthetic utility of the developed methodology.
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Background: Salidroside (SAL) is the most effective component of Rhodiola rosea, a traditional Chinese medicine. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is the main fat-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibiting considerable potential for application in osteogenesis. Herein, a polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofiber membrane loaded with CT and SAL (PSGC membrane) was successfully fabricated via coaxial electrospinning and characterized. Methods and Results: This membrane capable of sustained and controlled drug release was employed in this study. Co-culturing the membrane with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells revealed excellent biocompatibility and demonstrated osteogenic and angiogenic capabilities. Furthermore, drug release from the PSGC membrane activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and promoted osteogenic differentiation and vascularization. Evaluation of the membrane's vascularization and osteogenic capacities involved transplantation onto a rat's subcutaneous area and assessing rat cranium defects for bone regeneration, respectively. Microcomputed tomography, histological tests, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the membrane's outstanding angiogenic capacity two weeks post-operation, with a higher incidence of osteogenesis observed in rat cranial defects eight weeks post-surgery. Conclusion: Overall, the SAL- and CT-loaded coaxial electrospun nanofiber membrane synergistically enhances bone repair and regeneration.
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Gelatina , Glucosídeos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Nanofibras , Neovascularização Fisiológica , Osteogênese , Fenantrenos , Fenóis , Poliésteres , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Nanofibras/química , Gelatina/química , Poliésteres/química , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fenantrenos/química , Fenantrenos/farmacologia , Fenantrenos/farmacocinética , Fenantrenos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Endoteliais da Veia Umbilical Humana/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Ratos , Masculino , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Artificiais , Técnicas de Cocultura , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the bladder is a rare non-urothelial tumor of the bladder. The treatment of LCNEC of the bladder is different from that of urothelial carcinoma (UC); therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is particularly important. As LCNEC of the bladder is rare and its clinical symptoms and radiographic features are similar to those of urothelial tumors, the clinical diagnosis of the disease remains challenging. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 72-year-old female patient who presented with gross hematuria for 3 mo. A solitary tumor located in the anterior wall of the bladder was found by cystoscopy. Pathological examination after biopsy suggested UC of the bladder in the absence of immunohistochemical assessment. The patient underwent partial cystectomy and was finally diagnosed with LCNEC (pT2bN0M0) based on the results of postoperative immunohistochemical examination. During the 10-mo follow-up, no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis were found. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical examination is essential for diagnosing LCNEC of the bladder. Accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment in the early stage of the disease are crucial for improving the prognosis.
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STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether lumbar apex position had an impact on the development of adjacent segment disease (ASD) following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies have demonstrated that solely concentrating on lumbar lordosis value is not suitable and neglecting the significance of lumbar apex can lead to mechanical complications. However, the relationship between lumbar apex and ASD is still not well understood. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 234 consecutive patients who underwent L3-5 or L4-5 TLIF for degenerative diseases were reviewed. The study evaluated the associations between sagittal parameters and pelvic incidence (PI). Patients were labeled "matched" when lumbar apex position aligned with the theoretical target, and "mismatched" when it did not. Multivariate analysis was applied to find the independent risk factors of ASD. Additionally, a focused sub-analysis was performed based on the lumbar apex position (ideal match, cranial from ideal, and caudal from ideal). RESULTS: After an average follow-up period of 70.6 months, 68 cases were identified as having ASD. Postoperatively, 64.7% (44 out of 68) of the patients with ASD exhibited a mismatched lumbar apex, compared to 41% (68 out of 166) of those without ASD (p < 0.001). PI correlated significantly with proximal lordosis (PL) and lordosis distribution index (LDI), but not with distal lordosis (DL). Multivariate analysis identified age, L3-5 fusion, postoperative DL, and postoperative mismatched lumbar apex as independent risk factors of ASD. Upon the sub-analysis, it was discovered that there were unique compensatory strategies in the cranial and caudal groups, with notable variations in postoperative DL, PL, and LDI among three groups (all p value<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lumbar apex position significantly influenced the risk of ASD. To restore the lumbar apex to its ideal position, a proper value and distribution of DL should be attained.
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BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted on the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and the incidence of gout. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the individual and combined effects of prolonged exposure to five air pollutants (NO2, NOx, PM10, PMcoarse and PM2.52) on the incidence of gout among 458,884 initially gout-free participants enrolled in the UK Biobank. METHODS: Employing a land use regression model, we utilized an estimation method to ascertain the annual concentrations of the five air pollutants. Subsequently, we devised a weighted air pollution score to facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of exposure. The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to investigate the association between ambient air pollution and gout risk. Interaction and stratification analyses were conducted to evaluate age, sex, BMI, and genetic predisposition as potential effect modifiers in the air pollution-gout relationship. Furthermore, mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential involvement of biomarkers in mediating the association between air pollution and gout. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up time of 12.0 years, 7,927 cases of gout were diagnosed. Significant associations were observed between the risk of gout and a per IQR increase in NO2 (HR3: 1.05, 95 % CI4: 1.02-1.08, p = 0.003), NOx (HR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.06, p = 0.003), and PM2.5 (HR: 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.06, p = 0.030). Per IQR increase in the air pollution score was associated with an elevated risk of gout (p = 0.005). Stratified analysis revealed a significant correlation between the air pollution score and gout risk in participants ≥60 years (HR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.09, p = 0.005), but not in those <60 years (p = 0.793), indicating a significant interaction effect with age (p-interaction=0.009). Mediation analyses identified five serum biomarkers (SUA:15.87 %, VITD: 5.04 %, LDLD: 3.34 %, GGT: 1.90 %, AST: 1.56 %5) with potential mediation effects on this association. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to air pollutants, particularly among the elderly population, is associated with an increased risk of gout. The underlying mechanisms of these associations may involve the participation of five serum biomarkers.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Gota , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Gota/epidemiologia , Gota/genética , Incidência , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Biobanco do Reino Unido , Reino Unido/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Heat stress induces testicular oxidative stress, impairs spermatogenesis, and increases the risk of male infertility. Recent studies have highlighted the antioxidative properties of the Sestrins family in reducing cellular oxidative damage. However, the role of Sestrins (Sestrin1, 2, and 3) in the testicular response to heat stress remains unclear. Here, we found that Sestrin2 and 3 were highly expressed in the testis relative to Sestrin1. Then, the Sestrin2-/- and Sestrin3-/- mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the role of them on spermatogenesis after heat stress. Our data showed that Sestrin2-/- and Sestrin3-/- mice testes exhibited more severe damage manifested by exacerbated loss of germ cells and higher levels of oxidative stress as compared to wild-type counterparts after heat stress. Notably, Sestrin2-/- and Sestrin3-/- mice underwent a remarkable increase in heat-induced spermatocyte apoptosis than that of controls. Furthermore, the transcriptome landscape of spermatocytes and chromosome spreading showed that loss of Sestrin2 and Sestrin3 exacerbated meiotic failure by compromising DNA double-strand breaks repair after heat stress. Taken together, our work demonstrated a critical protective function of Sestrin2 and Sestrin3 in mitigating the impairments of spermatogenesis against heat stress.
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Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Meiose , Camundongos Knockout , Espermatogênese , Animais , Masculino , Espermatogênese/fisiologia , Espermatogênese/genética , Camundongos , Meiose/fisiologia , Resposta ao Choque Térmico/fisiologia , Sestrinas/genética , Sestrinas/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Testículo/metabolismo , Espermatócitos/metabolismo , Apoptose/fisiologiaRESUMO
Temporal expectation refers to the capacity to allocate resources at a particular point in time, enabling us to enhance our behavior performance. Empirical evidence indicates that, among younger adults, temporal expectation can be driven by rhythm (i.e., regular sequences of stimuli). However, whether there are age-related changes in rhythm-based temporal expectation has not been clearly established. Furthermore, whether tempo can influence the relationship between rhythm-based temporal expectation and aging remains unexplored. To address these questions, both younger and older participants took part in a rhythm-based temporal expectation task, engaging three distinct tempos: 600 ms (fast), 1800 ms (moderate), or 3000 ms (slow). The results demonstrated that temporal expectation effects (i.e., participants exhibited significantly faster responses during the regular trials compared to the irregular trials) were observed in both the younger and older participants under the moderate tempo condition. However, in the fast and slow tempo conditions, the temporal expectation effects were solely observed in the younger participants. These findings revealed that rhythm-based temporal expectations can be preserved during aging but within a specific tempo range. When the tempo falls within the range of either being too fast or too slow, it can manifest age-related declines in temporal expectations driven by rhythms.
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Envelhecimento , Motivação , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent studies demonstrated that restoring sagittal alignment to the original Roussouly type can remarkably reduce complication rates after adult spinal deformity surgery. However, there is still no data proving the benefit of maintaining ideal Roussouly shape in the lumbar degenerative diseases and its association with the development of adjacent segment disease (ASD). Thus, this study was performed to validate the usefulness of Roussouly classification to predict the occurrence of ASD after lumbar fusion surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 234 consecutive patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who underwent 1- or 2-level fusion surgery. Demographic and radiographic data were compared between ASD and non-ASD groups. The patients were classified by both "theoretical" [based on pelvic incidence (PI)] and "current" (based on sacral slope) Roussouly types. The patients were defined as "matched" if their "current" shapes matched the "theoretical" types and otherwise as "mismatched". The logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with ASD. Finally, clinical data and spinopelvic parameters of "theoretical" and "current" types were compared. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up duration of 70.6 months, evidence of ASD was found in the 68 cases. Postoperatively, ASD group had more "current" shapes classified as type 1 or 2 and fewer as type 3 than the non-ASD group (p < 0.001), but the distribution of "theoretical" types was similar between groups. Moreover, 80.9% (55/68) of patients with ASD were mismatched, while 48.2% (80/166) of patients without ASD were mismatched (p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis identified age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.058)], 2-level fusion (OR = 2.9830), postoperative distal lordosis (DL, OR = 0.949) and mismatched Roussouly type (OR = 4.629) as independent risk factors of ASD. Among the four "theoretical" types, type 2 had the lowest lumbar lordosis, DL, and segmental lordosis. When considering the "current" types, current type 2 was associated with higher rates of 2-level fusion, worse DL, and greater pelvic tilt compared with other current types. CONCLUSIONS: DL loss and mismatched Roussouly type were significant risk factors of ASD. To decrease the incidence of ASD, an appropriate value of DL should be achieved to restore sagittal alignment back to the ideal Roussouly type. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.
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Lordose , Fusão Vertebral , Adulto , Humanos , Lordose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lordose/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Sacro/cirurgia , Postura , Fusão Vertebral/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for treatment of single-level lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. METHODS: Fifty-three patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical techniques: Full endoscopic (Endo)-TLIF (n = 25) and TLIF (n = 28). Clinical efficacy was evaluated pre- and postoperatively. The operation time, operative blood loss, postoperative amount of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), postoperative drainage volume, postoperative hospital stay time, total cost, and operative complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Compared with the TLIF group, the Endo-TLIF group had similar intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative increased CPK, less postoperative drainage volume, and shorter postoperative hospital stay, but longer operative time and higher total cost. The postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores of back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores significantly improved compared with the preoperative scores in both two groups; more significant improvement of postoperative VAS scores of back pain and ODI scores were shown in the Endo-TLIF group at the 1-month follow-up (p < 0.05). No difference was found in the intervertebral fusion rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The Endo-TLIF has similar clinical effect compared with the TLIF for the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. It also has many surgical advantages such as less muscle trauma, less postoperative back pain, and fast functional recovery of the patient. However, steep learning curve, longer operative time, and higher total cost may be the disadvantages that limit this technique. Also, the Endo-TLIF treatment of patients with bilateral lateral recess stenosis is considered a relative contraindication.
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Fusão Vertebral , Espondilolistese , Humanos , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espondilolistese/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Dor nas Costas , Resultado do Tratamento , Perda Sanguínea CirúrgicaRESUMO
Carbazole (CZ) and eight polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) were quantified by GC-MS in sediments of 12 estuaries, the interface linking large industrial and living areas to the Bohai Sea, China. These pollutants, heavy metals, and environmental factors caused integrated exposure to sediment bacteria. Four PHCZ congeners were detectable, with ΣPHCZs ranging from 0.56 to 15.94 ng/g dw. The dominant congeners were 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (36-CCZ) and 3-chlorocarbazole (3-CCZ), with a mean contribution of 72.6 % and 20.2 %. Significant positive correlations were found between 36-CCZ and both total organic carbon and heavy metals. Redundancy analysis of microbial variation implicated no impacts from PHCZs. Correlation analysis demonstrated an increase in abundance of Rhodocyclaceae but a decrease in Bacteroides-acidifaciens-JCM-10556 with presence of PHCZs, suggesting that these bacteria can be used as potential contamination indicators. The combined exposure of heavy metals, nutrients, and PHCZs may also increase toxicity and biological availability, adversely affecting the ecosystem and human health.
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Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Ecossistema , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Carbazóis/análise , China , Sedimentos Geológicos , Monitoramento AmbientalRESUMO
Objective: To investigate clinical and singleton newborn outcomes in fresh cycles of embryo transfer after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI-ET) with diverse sperm sources (ejaculate, epididymis, and testis) in patients with Oligoasthenospermia, obstructive azoospermia (OA) or non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Methods: Patients who received fresh ICSI-ET for the first time at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Reproductive Medicine Center between June 2011 and June 2021 were selected for this 10-year retrospective cohort analysis. After propensity score matching, only 1630 cycles were included in the investigation of ICS-ET clinical and singleton newborn outcomes in patients with Oligoasthenospermia, OA, and NOA using sperm from diverse sperm sources. Results: After propensity score matching, our data revealed a negligible difference in baseline and cycle parameters among groups. In patients with Oligoasthenospermia and OA, different sperm sources do not appear to influence clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates, nor do they influence newborn outcomes, such as newborn weight, premature birth rate, and neonatal sex ratio in singleton births, except for OA patients who use epididymal sperm having higher low birth weight (LBW) rates in singleton pregnancies than those who use testicular sperm. In addition, clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, singleton gestation birth weights, premature birth rates, and neonatal sex ratios were similar between patients with Oligoasthenospermia, OA, and NOA using testicular sperm. Conclusions: Regardless of the type of male infertility (Oligoasthenospermia, OA, NOA) or sperm sources (ejaculate, epididymis, testis), a successful ICSI-ET procedure can result in similar clinical and neonatal outcomes, such as clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, abortion rate, neonatal birth weight and sex ratio of singleton pregnancies.
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Azoospermia , Infertilidade Masculina , Nascimento Prematuro , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nascimento Prematuro/etiologia , Sêmen , Infertilidade Masculina/terapia , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Espermatozoides , Peso ao NascerRESUMO
Background: Obesity adversely influences the quality of oocytes and embryos and can affect DNA repair in embryos, leading to reproductive issues. However, the effects of body mass index (BMI) on DNA repair ability in oocytes during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to analyze the influence of sperm DNA damage on embryo development and reproductive outcomes in overweight/obese and normal-weight women in ICSI cycles. Methods: A total of 1,141 patients who received the first fresh ICSI cycle treatments were recruited from July 2017 to July 2021. Based on the BMI of the women, all patients were divided into normal weight (18.5≤BMI<25 kg/m2; n=824; 72.22%) and overweight/obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2; n=317; 27.78%) groups. Furthermore, according to the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), these two groups were subdivided into two subgroups: DFI<30% and DFI≥30%. Results: In the normal-weight women group, the embryonic development and reproductive outcomes of ICSI cycles were not statistically different between the two subgroups (DFI<30% and DFI≥30%). However, in the overweight/obese women group, couples with a sperm DFI≥30% had a significantly lower fertilization rate (76% vs. 72.7%; p=0.027), cleavage rate (98.7% vs. 97.2%; p=0.006), and high-quality embryo rate (67.8% vs. 62.6%; p=0.006) than couples with a sperm DFI<30%. Conclusion: When injected sperm with high DFI into the oocytes of overweight/obese women, resulting in lower fertilization, cleavage, and high-quality embryo rates in ICSI cycles, and the decreased early developmental potential of embryos from overweight/obese patients may be caused by the diminished capacity of oocytes to repair sperm DNA damage.
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Sobrepeso , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Masculino , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sêmen , Oócitos , Reparo do DNA , Dano ao DNA , Obesidade , Desenvolvimento EmbrionárioRESUMO
Forest soil is a vital pool of organic carbon, which is sensitive to management. Biochar addition could change the CO2 emissions from soil, but its effects are still ambiguous. Moreover, the impacts of particle sizes of biochar on CO2 emissions are still unknown. In this study, a series of field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of biochar addition on CO2 emissions in a poplar plantation (Populus nigra), China. Biochar with two application rates of (10 and 50 t/ha) and three particle sizes (3-1 mm, 1-0.1 mm, and <0.1 mm) was applied into the surface soil (0-10 cm), and the soil without biochar was set as control. The results showed that a high level of fine biochar addition (1-0.1 mm and <0.1 mm) had similar and positive effects on CO2 emissions by increasing the contents of soil ammonium, available phosphorus, easily oxidizable carbon, soil moisture, soil capillary pore, and the activity of ß-glucosidase. However, biochar addition (1-0.1 mm and <0.1 mm) reduced the bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), producing a negative relationship between DOC content and CO2 emissions. This investigation highlights the importance of biochar with different particle sizes in adjusting CO2 emissions from temperate soils.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Populus , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Tamanho da Partícula , Rios , Carvão Vegetal , Carbono , Solo , China , Óxido Nitroso/análise , AgriculturaRESUMO
>Background/Introduction: Prostate cancer ranks as the second leading cause of cancer death. No effective pharmacological agent is available for prostate cancer treatment. Berbamine is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese herb berberis, which exerts an effect on inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the mechanism of berbamine in inhibiting prostate cancer. METHODS: Prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145 cells were used to evaluate the effects of berbamine. Cell viability was determined using cell-counting kit 8. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using a ROS assay kit. Cell apoptosis rate was examined using flow cytometry. The protein levels associated with cell proliferation, NF-κB pathway, and apoptosis were determined using western blot. RESULTS: It was found that berbamine induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase and inhibited prostate cancer cell growth and proliferation. Berbamine inhibited prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vitro. Berbamine increased ROS as an upstream molecule that inhibited the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that berbamine can effectively reduce the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The ROS/NF-κB axis plays a crucial role in berbamine-mediated anti-prostate cancer cell proliferation.
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Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , NF-kappa B , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , PróstataRESUMO
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty procedure (PCVP) and bilateral-pedicle-approach percutaneous vertebroplasty (bPVP) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and other databases was conducted in conjunction with different keywords. Nine studies were included; all but 3 were randomised controlled studies and all were prospective or retrospective cohort studies. Results: We observed statistically significant differences between the PCVP group and the bPCVP group in terms of postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (mean difference [MD]: -.08; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -.15 to .00), bone cement leakage rates (OR = .33; 95%CI: .20 to .54), bone cement injection (MD: -1.52; 95%CI: -1.58 to 1.45), operative times (MD: -16.69; 95%CI: -17.40 to -15.99) and intraoperative fluoroscopies (MD: -8.16; 95%CI: -9.56 to -6.67), with the PCVP group being more dominant. There were no statistical differences in postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores (MD: -.72; 95%CI: -2.11 to .67) and overall bone cement distribution rates (MD: 2.14; 95%CI: .99 to 4.65) between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Meta-analysis showed more favourable outcomes in the PCVP group compared to the bPVP group. PCVP might be effective and safe in the treatment of OVCFs because it relieves postoperative patient pain, reduces operative time and cement injection, and decreases the risk of cement leakage and radiation exposure to the surgeon and patient.
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The transformation products and mechanism of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) derivatives are still largely unknown compared with TBBPA. In this paper, sediment, soil and water samples (15 sites, 45 samples) collected in a river flowing through brominated flame retardant manufacturing zone were analyzed to determine TBBPA derivatives, byproducts, and transformation products. TBBPA derivatives and byproducts were detected with concentrations ranging from none detection to 1.1 × 104 ng/g dw and with detection frequencies of 0-100 % in all samples. The concentrations of TBBPA derivatives such as TBBPA bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA-BDBPE) and TBBPA bis(allyl ether) in sediment and soil samples were higher than that of TBBPA. In addition, the occurrence of various unknown bromobisphenol A allyl ether analogs in the samples was further confirmed by using 11 synthesized analogs, which might be produced during the waste treatment process of the factories. The possible transformation pathways of TBBPA-BDBPE were revealed for the first time by using UV/base/persulfate (PS) as designed photooxidation waste treatment system in the laboratory. Ether bond cleavage, debromination, and ß-scission contributed to the transformation of TBBPA-BDBPE and the occurrence of transformation products in the environment. The concentrations of the transformation products of TBBPA-BDBPE ranged from none detection to 3.4 × 102 ng/g dw. These data provide new insights into the fate of TBBPA derivatives in environmental compartments.
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Retardadores de Chama , Bifenil Polibromatos , Éter , Éteres , Bifenil Polibromatos/análise , Retardadores de Chama/análise , SoloRESUMO
Background: Numerous research have investigated the predictor role of progesterone (P) level on the human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) trigger day of assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. However, the relationship of progesterone levels on hCG day to clinical pregnancy outcomes in IVF/ICSI cycles for patients with different BMI groups is still elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of progesterone elevation on triggering day on clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) of IVF/ICSI cycles in patients with different female BMI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study included 6982 normal-weight parents (18.5Kg/m2≤BMI<25Kg/m2) and 2628 overweight/obese patients (BMI≥25Kg/m2) who underwent fresh day 3 cleavage embryo transfer (ET) in IVF/ICSI cycles utilizing GnRH agonist to control ovarian stimulation. Results: The interaction between BMI and P level on triggering day on CPRs was significant (p<0.001). The average level of serum P was reduced with the increase in maternal BMI. Serum P adversely affected CPR in distinct BMI groups. In the normal weight group, CPRs were decreasedas serum P concentrations gradually increased (p<0.001 for overall trend). The CPRs (lower than 65.8%) of progesterone level > 1.00 ng/ml on triggering day were significantly lower than that (72.4%) of progesterone level <0.5 ng/ml. In the overweight/obese group, CPRs showed a decrease statistically with progesterone levels of ≥2.00 ng/ml compared to progesterone levels of <0.5 ng/ml (51.0% VS. 64.9%, p=0.016). After adjusting for confounders, progesterone elevation (PE) negatively correlated with CPRs only in the normal weight group (OR: 0.755 [0.677-0.841], p<0.001), not in the overweight/obese group (p=0.063). Conclusion: Women with higher BMI exhibited a lower progesterone level on triggering day. Additionally, PE on hCG day is related to decreased CPRs in GnRH agonist IVF/ICSI cycles with cleavage embryo transfers regardless of women's BMI level (normal weight VS. overweight/obesity).