RESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: En el servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo no se ha precisado cómo ha sido la morbilidad materna en el periodo 2015 - 2019. Objetivo: Caracterizar la morbilidad materna en el servicio de Obstetricia y la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo durante el periodo 2015 - 2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, y retrospectivo en todas las pacientes obstétricas ingresadas en el periodo antes mencionado (N=733). Se identificaron en estas las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y las relacionadas con los criterios de morbilidad materna extrema. La información para el desarrollo del estudio se obtuvo de la base de datos de egresos del servicio de Obstetricia, los registros estadísticos del hospital y las historias clínicas de cada gestante. Resultados: Ingresaron 733 pacientes, el 100 % por la necesidad de manejo en la unidad. La preeclampsia-eclampsia (33,6 %) fue la enfermedad más frecuente. El 71,7 % requirió tratamiento quirúrgico y, de estas, se reintervino el 29,8 %. La histerectomía obstétrica fue la técnica quirúrgica más usual (62,9 %). Conclusiones: Se caracterizó la morbilidad materna en este servicio de salud, lo que revela que la letalidad es baja pero la frecuencia es notable.
ABSTRACT Introduction: In the obstetric care service, at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", it has not been specified how maternal morbidity index has behaved during the period 2015-2019. Objective: To characterize the maternal morbidity index in the obstetric care service and the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", in Guantanamo, from 2015 through 2019. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted to all admitted obstetrics patients (N=733). The sociodemographic, clinical and those related to the criteria for extreme maternal morbidity were the baseline variables identified. The information used in the study was acquired from the updated obstetric care service database (discharged patients database), the hospital's statistical records and the history of each pregnant woman. Results: The total of obstetrics patients (N=733) were admitted, it was a priority to be manage for the ICU. Preeclampsia-eclampsia was the most frequent disease (33.6%). Surgical treatment was required in the 71.7% and 29.8% of them needed to re-intervene. The hysterectomy was the most common surgical technique used (62.9%). Conclusions: The maternal morbidity in the obstetric care service was successfully characterized, which reveals that the lethality is low but the frequency is remarkable.
RESUMO Introdução: No serviço de Obstetrícia do Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo não foi especificado como está a morbidade materna no período 2015-2019. Objetivo: Caracterizar a morbidade materna no serviço de Obstetrícia e na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" de Guantánamo durante o período 2015-2019. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo em todas as pacientes obstétricas admitidas no período mencionado (N=733). Neles foram identificadas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e aquelas relacionadas a critérios de morbidade materna extrema. As informações para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram obtidas no banco de dados de altas do serviço de Obstetrícia, nos prontuários estatísticos do hospital e nos prontuários de cada gestante. Resultados: Foram internadas 733 pacientes, 100% devido à necessidade de gerenciamento na unidade. A pré-eclâmpsia-eclâmpsia (33,6%) foi a doença mais comum. 71,7% necessitaram de tratamento cirúrgico e, destes, 29,8% foram reoperadas. A histerectomia obstétrica foi a técnica cirúrgica mais comum (62,9%). Conclusões: A morbidade materna foi caracterizada neste serviço de saúde, o que revela que a mortalidade é baixa mas a frequência é notável.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Mortalidade Materna , Morbidade , Unidade Hospitalar de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción: la prevención de la infección puerperal es una exigencia social. Objetivo: precisar la asociación entre rotura de membranas ovulares, infección cervicovaginal y corioamnionitis, y presentación de infección puerperal en puérperas atendidas en el servicio de Obstetriciadel Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto durante los años 2016-2018. Método: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles. El universo se conformó por todas las puérperas con infección puerperal (n=622) y de estas últimas se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 60 pacientes, las que constituyeron el grupo de casos y se eligió un grupo de pacientes sin infección puerperal (n=120) que conformaron el grupo control. Se estudiaron las siguientes variables: edad en años, tiempo de rotura de membranas ovulares, diagnóstico de infección cervicovaginal y corioamnionitis y vía del parto. Resultados: predominaron las edades entre 20 y 29 años en los casos (41,7 por ciento) y controles (48,3 por ciento). Existieron evidencias estadísticamente significativas, con una confiabilidad del 95 por ciento, de que la rotura de membranas de más de 24 horas, la infección cervicovaginal y la corioamnionitis fueron factores de riesgo de infección puerperal. Predominó la vía vaginal en los casos (60 por ciento) y controles (61,7 por ciento), que no resultó estadísticamente significativa asociada a la infección puerperal. Conclusiones: las puérperas con rotura de membranas ovulares de más de 24 horas, infección cervicovaginal y corioamnionitis presentaron mayor riesgo de infección puerperal(AU)
Introduction: the prevention of puerperal infection is a social requirement. Objective: to specify the association between rupture of ovular membranes, cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis and the presentation of puerperal infection in puerperal women attended in the Obstetrics Service of the Hospital Dr. Agostinho Neto during the years 2016-2018. Method: a study was conducted of cases and controls. The universe was formed by all puerperal puerperal infections (n=622), and of the latter a sample was selected for convenience of 60 patients, which constituted the group of cases; a group of patients without puerperal infection (n=120) who formed the control group was chosen. The following variables were studied: age in years, time of rupture of ovular membranes, diagnosis of cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis and birth pathway. Results: ages between 20 and 29 years predominated in cases (41.7 per cent) and controls (48.3per cent). There was statistically significant evidence, with a reliability of 95per cent, that the rupture of membranes over 24 hours, cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis were risk factors for puerperal infection. The vaginalroute predominated in the cases (60per cent) and controls (61.7per cent), which was not statistically significant associated with puerperal infection. Conclusions: puerperal women with ruptured ovular membranes over 24 hours, cervicovaginal infection and chorioamnionitis presented a higher risk of puerperal infection(AU)
Introdução: a prevenção da infecção puerperal é uma exigência social. Objetivo: Para esclarecer a associação entre a ruptura de membranas, infecção cérvico-vaginal e corioamnionite e apresentação de infecção puerperal em puérperas atendidas no Departamento de Obstetrícia Dr. Agostinho Neto Hospital durante os anos de 2016-2018. Método: foi realizado um estudo de casos e controles. O universo foi formado por todas as infecções puerperais no puerpério (n=622) e, deste último, uma amostra foi selecionada por conveniência de 60 pacientes, constituindo o grupo de casos; um grupo de pacientes sem infecção puerperal (n=120) que formou o grupo controle foi escolhido. As seguintes variáveis foram estudadas: idade em anos, tempo de ruptura das membranas ovulares, diagnóstico de infecção cervicovaginal e corioamnionite e via de nascimento. Resultados: as idades entre 20 e 29 anos predominaram nos casos (41,7por cento) e controles (48,3por cento). Houve evidência estatisticamente significativa, com uma confiança de 95por cento, que a ruptura das membranas durante mais de 24 horas, a infecção genital do corioamniotite e eram factores de risco infecção puerperal. A via vaginal predominou nos casos (60por cento) e controles (61,7por cento), o que não foi estatisticamente significante associado à infecção puerperal. Conclusões: puérperas com ruptura de membranas ovulares por 24 horas, infecção cervicovaginal e corioamnionite apresentaram maior risco de infecção puerperal(AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Infecção Puerperal/etiologia , Infecção Puerperal/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) belong to the Picornaviridae family with high similarity to human enteroviruses (HEVs). Limited data is available from Latin America regarding the clinical presentation and strains of these viruses in respiratory disease. METHODS: We collected nasopharyngeal swabs at clinics located in eight Latin American countries from 3,375 subjects aged 25 years or younger who presented with influenza-like illness. RESULTS: Our subjects had a median age of 3 years and a 1.2:1.0 male:female ratio. HRV was identified in 16% and HEV was identified in 3%. HRVs accounted for a higher frequency of isolates in those of younger age, in particular children < 1 years old. HRV-C accounted for 38% of all HRVs detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a high proportion of recombinant strains between HRV-A/HRV-C and between HEV-A/HEV-B. In addition, both EV-D68 and EV-A71 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In Latin America as in other regions, HRVs and HEVs account for a substantial proportion of respiratory viruses identified in young people with ILI, a finding that provides additional support for the development of pharmaceuticals and vaccines targeting these pathogens.
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Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Picornaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , Rhinovirus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Enterovirus/classificação , Enterovirus/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nasofaringe/virologia , Prevalência , RNA Viral/genética , Rhinovirus/classificação , Rhinovirus/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children. HRSV strains vary genetically and antigenically and have been classified into two broad subgroups, A and B (HRSV-A and HRSV-B, respectively). To date, little is known about the circulating strains of HRSV in Latin America. We have evaluated the genetic diversity of 96 HRSV strains by sequencing a variable region of the G protein gene of isolates collected from 2007 to 2009 in Central and South America. Our results show the presence of the two antigenic subgroups of HRSV during this period with the majority belonging to the genotype HRSV-A2.
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Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Linhagem Celular , América Central , Primers do DNA , Humanos , Filogenia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , América do SulRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite the disease burden imposed by respiratory diseases on children in Central America, there is a paucity of data describing the etiologic agents of the disease. AIMS: To analyze viral etiologic agents associated with influenza-like illness (ILI) in participants reporting to one outpatient health center, one pediatric hospital, and three general hospitals in El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua Material & METHODS: Between August 2006 and April 2009, pharyngeal swabs were collected from outpatients and inpatients. Patient specimens were inoculated onto cultured cell monolayers, and viral antigens were detected by indirect and direct immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: A total of 1,756 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,195 (68.3%) were under the age of 5; and 183 (10.4%) required hospitalization. One or more viral agents were identified in 434 (24.7%) cases, of which 17 (3.9%) were dual infections. The most common viruses isolated were influenza A virus (130; 7.4% of cases), respiratory syncytial virus (122; 6.9%), adenoviruses (63; 3.6%), parainfluenza viruses (57; 3.2%), influenza B virus (47; 2.7% of cases), and herpes simplex virus 1 (22; 1.3%). In addition, human metapneumovirus and enteroviruses (coxsackie and echovirus) were isolated from patient specimens. DISCUSSION: When compared to the rest of the population, viruses were isolated from a significantly higher percentage of patients age 5 or younger. The prevalence of influenza A virus or influenza B virus infections was similar between the younger and older age groups. RSV was the most commonly detected pathogen in infants age 5 and younger and was significantly associated with pneumonia (p < 0.0001) and hospitalization (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis of influenza isolates identified A (H3N2), A (H1N1), and B viruses. It also showed that the mutation H274Y conferring resistance to oseltamivir was first detected in Honduran influenza A/H1N1 strains at the beginning of 2008. These data demonstrate that a diverse range of respiratory pathogens are associated with ILI in Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. RSV infection in particular appears to be associated with severe disease in infants in the region.
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Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , América Central , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nasofaringe/virologia , FilogeniaRESUMO
Since the first detection of swine origin virus (SOIV) on March 28, 2009, the virus has spread worldwide and oseltamivir-resistant strains have already been identified in the past months. Here, we show the phylogenetic analysis of 63 SOIV isolates from eight countries in Central and South America, and their sensitivity to oseltamivir.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Animais , América Central , Humanos , América do Sul , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human Adenoviruses are recognized pathogens, causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Serotype identification is critical for epidemiological surveillance, detection of new strains and understanding of HAdvs pathogenesis. Little data is available about HAdvs subtypes in Latin America. METHODS: In this study, we have molecularly characterized 213 adenoviruses collected from ILI presenting patients, during 2006-08, in Central and South America. RESULTS: Our results indicate that 161(76%) adenoviruses belong to subgroup C, 45 (21%) to subgroup B and 7 (3%) to subtype E4.
Assuntos
Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenovirus Humanos/virologia , Adenovírus Humanos/classificação , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Adenovírus Humanos/genética , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , América Central/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Viral/química , DNA Viral/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent influenza antiviral resistance studies reveal an alarming increase in both adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) resistant viral strains worldwide, particularly in Asia, Europe and the United States. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we have evaluated influenza virus resistance in Central and South America. METHODS: Influenza viruses, isolated from symptomatic patients throughout Central and South America in 2005-2008 were analyzed for inhibitor resistance. The M2 and NA genes of influenza viruses were sequenced and resistance was inferred by comparison with published sequences and known resistant mutations. RESULTS: Our results indicate that: (i) resistance to adamantanes was seen in the majority (95.5%) of the influenza A/H3N2 isolates but only in one isolate of the influenza A/H1N1 viruses; (ii) resistance to NAIs began to be detected in A/H1N1 isolates from Central America in 2008; and (iii) none of the influenza B viruses analyzed were resistant to NAIs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a limited effectiveness of influenza inhibitors due to the detection of resistance among A/H1 and A/H3 viruses.