A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy of low-dose olanzapine in preventing nausea and vomiting associated with oxaliplatin-based and irinotecan-based chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the clinical efficacy of a 5 mg dosage of olanzapine in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) associated with moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) among female patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract tumors. METHODS: Patients undergoing the oxaliplatin/irinotecan chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in this prospective controlled study. The olanzapine group received a 5 mg dosage of olanzapine along with palonosetron and dexamethasone, while the control group received a standard two-combination regimen consisting of dexamethasone and palonosetron. The primary endpoints included the total protection (TP) rates for the entire age group and the subgroup aged 60 years and above. Secondary endpoints encompassed the total protection rates during the acute and delayed phases within the two age brackets, as well as the total control (TC) rates and complete remission (CR) rates across all three phases (total, acute, and delayed). Additionally, the study involved the assessment of quality of life and the collection of adverse events associated with the interventions. RESULTS: 1) Regarding the primary endpoint, the total phase TP rates within both the entire age group and the age group exceeding 60 years demonstrated superiority in the olanzapine group when compared to the control group (66.7% vs 37.25%, P = 0.003; 68.8% vs 44.4%, P = 0.044). 2) In terms of secondary endpoints, the olanzapine group exhibited superior acute phase TP rates in both age brackets when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The olanzapine group also demonstrated higher delayed-phase TP rates, TC rates across all three phases, and CR rates within the two age brackets, although the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the quality of life in the olanzapine group surpassed that of the control group for both age brackets (P < 0.05), characterized by enhanced appetite and a higher incidence of drowsiness in the patients treated with olanzapine when compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine can enhance CINV induced by MEC regimen in female patients across all age groups, including the elderly, and therefore improve the quality of life for these patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html , identifier: ChiCTR20000368269, 25/08/2020.

A nitrogenous heterocyclic ring-bonded stationary phase for separating alkaloids in supercritical fluid chromatography.

A novel silica stationary phase was designed and prepared through thiol-epoxy click chemistry for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The developed stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and solid-state 13C/CP MAS NMR spectroscopy. In order to evaluate the chromatographic performance and retention mechanisms of the prepared column, a variety of alkaloids were used, including indoles, isoquinolines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, quinolizidines and organic amines. The stationary phase showed more symmetrical peak shapes and better performance for these compounds compared to the conventional SFC stationary phases. The investigations on the effects of pressure and temperature on retention provided information that the selectivity of the compounds can be improved by changing the density of the supercritical fluids. Moreover, it shows improved separation efficiency of three natural products with alkaloids as the main components at high sample loading. In conclusion, the developed stationary phase could offer flexible selectivity toward alkaloids and complex samples.

Ordered mesoporous silica microspheres for supercritical fluid chromatography.

Herein, silica microspheres with ordered mesopores are synthesized and applied as a stationary phase for supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The excellent particle monodispersity and pore orderliness coupled with the rapid analytes diffusion of the supercritical fluid lead to an ultra-high column efficiency of 340 000 plate per m.

A randomized trial evaluating the association between related gene polymorphism and nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin multi-day chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: We aim to investigate the correlation between gene polymorphisms and cisplatin chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), which was prevented by olanzapine or aprepitant triple antiemetic regimen. METHODS: Before chemotherapy, the blood samples of 89 malignant tumor patients who received multi-day chemotherapy with cisplatin were collected for sequencing and typing. As there were duplicate patients enrolled in different chemotherapy cycles, there were a total of 190 cases. The patients were divided into two groups randomly, who received the triple antiemetic regimen of olanzapine or aprepitant combined with 5-HT3RA and dexamethasone. The main evaluation indicators were the total protection (TP) rate in the acute phase (0-24 h), the delayed phase (25-120 h) and the overall phase (0-120 h). RESULTS: Univariate analysis was performed on genetic loci that reached H-W balance with TP. In the olanzapine group, increased TP in the acute phase was associated with HTR3A rs1176719 non-GG (P < 0.05) genotype etc. Increased TP in the delayed phase was associated with HTR3A rs1176719 non-GG (P < 0.05) genotype etc. In the aprepitant group, increased TP in the acute phase was associated with the MTHFR rs1801131 TT (P < 0.05) genotype etc. Increased TP in the delayed phase was associated with HTR3A rs1062613 CC (P < 0.05) genetype ect. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that HTR3B rs7943062GG (P < 0.05) genotype etc. were correlated with increased TP in the delayed phase. MTHFR rs1801131TT genotype was associated with increased TP in the acute phase (P < 0.05) and delayed phase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that gene polymorphisms, including HTR3B (rs1062613, rs1176719, rs2276303), HTR3B (rs45460698, rs7943062), HTR3C (rs6766410), ERCC1 (rs3212986), ERCC4 (rs744154) and MTHFR(rs1801131), may be independent prognostic factors for CINV.

[Development progress of stationary phase for supercritical fluid chromatography and related application in natural products].

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is an environment-friendly and efficient column chromatography technology that was developed to expand the application range of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase. A supercritical fluid has a temperature and pressure that are above the critical values as well as relatively dynamic characteristics that are between those of a gas and liquid. Supercritical fluids combine the advantages of high solubility and diffusion, as their diffusion and viscosity coefficients are equivalent to those of a gas, while maintaining a density that is comparable with that of a liquid. Owing to the remarkable compressibility of supercritical fluids, analyte retention in SFC is significantly influenced by the density of the mobile phase. Thus, the column temperature and back pressure are crucial variables that regulate analyte retention in SFC. Increasing the back pressure can increase the density and solubility of the mobile phase, leading to reductions in retention time. The column temperature can affect selectivity and retention, and the degree to which different analytes are affected by this property varies. On the one hand, increasing the temperature reduces the density of the mobile phase, thereby extending the retention time of the analytes; on the other hand, it can also increase the energy of molecules, leading to a shorter retention time of the analyte on the stationary phase. CO2, the most widely employed supercritical fluid to date, presents moderate critical conditions and, more importantly, is miscible with a variety of polar organic solvents, including small quantities of water. In comparison with the mobile phases used in normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), the mobile phase for SFC has a polarity that can be extended over a wide range on account of its extensive miscibility. The compatibility of the mobile phase determines the diversity of the stationary phase. Nearly all stationary phases for HPLC, including the nonpolar stationary phases commonly used for RPLC and the polar stationary phases commonly used for NPLC, can be applied to SFC. Because all stationary phases can use the same mobile-phase composition, chromatographic columns with completely different polarities can be employed in SFC. The selectivity of SFC has been effectively expanded, and the technique can be used for the separation of diverse analytes ranging from lipid compounds to polar compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, and peptides. The choice of stationary phase has a great impact on the separation effect of analytes in SFC. As new stationary phases for HPLC are constantly investigated, specialized stationary phases for SFC have also been continuously developed. Researchers have discovered that polar stationary phases containing nitrogen heterocycles such as 2-EP and PIC are highly suitable for SFC because they can effectively manage the peak shape of alkaline compounds and provide good selectivity in separating acidic and neutral compounds.The development of various stationary phases has promoted the applications of SFC in numerous fields such as pharmaceuticals, food production, environmental protection, and natural products. In particular, natural products have specific active skeletons, multiple active groups, and excellent biological activity; hence, these materials can provide many new opportunities for the discovery of novel drugs. According to reports, compounds related to natural products account for 80% of all commercial drugs. However, natural products are among the most challenging compounds to separate because of their complex composition and low concentration of active ingredients. Thus, superior chromatographic methods are required to enable the qualitative and quantitative analysis of natural products. Thanks to technological improvements and a good theoretical framework, the benefits of SFC are gradually becoming more apparent, and its use in separating natural products is expanding. Indeed, in the past 50 years, SFC has developed into a widely used and efficient separation technology. This article provides a brief overview of the characteristics, advantages, and development process of SFC; reviews the available SFC stationary phases and their applications in natural products over the last decade; and discusses prospects on the future development of SFC.

Mitochondrial energy metabolism correlates with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Reprogramming of mitochondrial energy metabolism (MEM) is an important hallmark of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Currently, there are no studies that have examined MEM in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and relevant drug targets have not yet been identified. Methods: The ESCC single-cell transcriptome sequencing dataset, GSE145370, was analyzed, using the AUCell R package to screen for MEM-related genes in high-scoring cell populations. Monocle was used to infer cell differentiation and CellChat to analyze intercellular communication networks. Finally, transcription levels of prognostic genes were analyzed using a complementary DNA microarray from 15 patients with ESCC. Results: A total of 121 MEM-related genes were differentially expressed in seven cell populations in the TME, and four high-scoring cell populations were identified. As a result, the MEM state of T cells is significantly different from that of macrophages and epithelial cells, and signaling communication between T cells and macrophages is the strongest. These findings suggest that immunosuppression is related to metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, marker genes of high-scoring cells and the top10 receptor-ligand pairs may become new targets for rebuilding immune cell metabolism. Furthermore, the 4-MEM gene risk signature had good predictive power for overall survival and drug sensitivity. MAP1LC3A, APOE, APPL1, and NDUFA are novel potential immunotherapeutic targets for remodeling the TME. Finally, teal-time quantitative PCR was used to verify APOE and MAP1LC3A expression. Conclusion: MEM heterogeneity was observed in the immunosupressive TME of ESCC. Prognostic models based on MEM-related genes are helpful for screening early treatment patient groups and realizing personalized treatment. APOE and MAP1LC3A are potential target genes for the development of anti-ESCC drugs based on MEM-related genes.

Low Dose Olanzapine in the Prevention and Treatment of Carboplatin Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Prospective Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of 5 mg olanzapine (OLZ) in preventing vomiting and nausea caused by carboplatin chemotherapy. METHODS: All patients with malignant tumors (n = 113) who underwent Carboplatin (AUC ≥ 5) treatment were randomly categorized into two groups: the standard group (n = 57) and the OLZ regimen (n = 56). The major endpoints of the trial were the TC (total control) between two groups during the OP (Overall phase, 0-120 hours), DP (delayed phase, 25-120 hours), and AP (acute phase, 0-24 hours). The secondary endpoints were the CR (complete response) and TP (total protection) during AP, OP, and DP. The time of first vomiting was compared between the two groups using Kaplan-Meier curves. The impact of CINV on the quality of life was assessed by the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE). OLZ-related side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: (1) The primary endpoint TC rates were more favorable in the OLZ regimen group than in the standard group during the AP 87.50% (49/56) vs. 63.15% (36/57) P = 0.003, OP 62.50% (35/56) vs. 31.57% (18/57) P = 0.001, and DP 64.28% (36/56) vs. 33.33% (19/57) P = 0.001. (2) The secondary endpoints TP were 82.14% (46/56) vs. 63.15% (36/57), P = 0.024, 83.92% (47/56) vs. 63.15% (36/57). P = 0.012 during the DP and OP. There was no statistical significance during AP between the two groups. The CR rates were not statistically different between the two groups during the three periods, P > 0.05; (3) The first vomiting time in the OLZ group was delayed compared with the standard group (P = 0.248). The effect on life quality (score ≥ 108) assessed by FLIE was 62.50% vs. 43.48% between the two groups, P < 0.05. The primary side effects of OLZ are fatigue (85%) and somnolence (75%). The primary side effects of the standard group are fatigue (77%) and loss of appetite (85%). CONCLUSION: The 5 mg OLZ-based triple antiemetic regimen is effective and safe in preventing vomiting and nausea induced by Carboplatin.

Myelosuppression Caused by Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel in the Northern Chinese Population and the Role of Body Composition.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lean body mass (LBM) and the incidence and severity of neutropenia in patients with malignant tumors from Northern China who have received nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel. Twenty-six patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumors were prospectively included in this study. These 26 patients were divided into Group A (sarcopenia) and Group B (nonsarcopenia). Group A comprised 50% (13/26) of the patients, while Group B comprised the other 50% (13/26). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of body surface area (P = .052). The incidence of neutropenia in Group A was 76.9% compared to 61.5% in Group B (P = .0673). The incidence of Grade 3 and severe neutropenia was 76.9% versus 61.5% in Groups A and B, respectively (P = .645). These 26 patients were divided into Groups 1 and 2 based on the administered nab-paclitaxel dose per kilogram of LBM, with both groups receiving a body surface area dose of 260 mg/m2 . Group 1 received a nab-paclitaxel dose of 14.19 mg/kg of LBM, whereas Group 2 received 11.37 mg/kg of LBM. In Group 1, the incidence of neutropenia was 71.4%, whereas it was 66.7% in Group 2. Grade 3 or higher neutropenia incidence was 28.6% in Group 1 versus 16.7% in Group 2. Patients with sarcopenia in northern China experienced a higher incidence of severe neutropenia after receiving nab-paclitaxel than patients without sarcopenia. Higher drug dose intensity per unit of LBM may be a contributing factor.

Association between Body Composition and Peripheral Neurotoxicity in Cancer Patients from North China Taking Nab-Paclitaxel.

Determine the association of lean body mass (LBM) on the incidence and severity of peripheral neurotoxicity in cancer patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone or combined with cisplatin or carboplatin. This prospective clinical study examined 32 cancer patients classified into a sarcopenia or non-sarcopenia group according to the Asian L3 vertebra skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) at Ordos Central Hospital (China) from December 2020-2021, to compare the incidence and severity of neurotoxicity and analizing the relationship between nab-paclitaxel dose per kg LBM and neurotoxicity. There were 18 patients (56.25%) in the sarcopenia group and 14 (43.75%) in the non-sarcopenia group. The incidences of peripheral and severe neurotoxicity were higher in the sarcopenia group (both P < 0.05). Patients in three different body surface area (BSA) groups received the same nab-paclitaxel dose (260 mg/m2 BSA). However, when patients were divided into three groups according to LBM, they received different doses (low-LBM: 15.18 mg/kg LBM, middle-LBM: 12.82 mg/kg LBM, and high-LBM: 11.14 mg/kg LBM). The incidence of grade-C or higher neurotoxicity of these three groups was 61.54% (8/13), 20.00% (1/5), and 11.11% (1/9). Sarcopenia and a higher dose of nab-paclitaxel per kg LBM were associated with peripheral and severe neurotoxicity. Chemotherapy dosing based on body composition may reduce neurotoxicity in patients receiving nab-paclitaxel.Registration number of Clinical Trial: ChiCTR2000040918.

Dynamic changes in the body composition during chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors in the context of active nutrition intervention.

Objective: To explore the dynamic changes in the body composition during chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies in the context of active nutrition intervention. Methods: Patients with gastrointestinal malignancies receiving first-line chemotherapy in the Department of Medical Oncology of Ordos Central Hospital from September 2019 to January 2022 were included in this study. The Nutritional Risk Screening form 2002, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment form, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dynamic changes in L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI) (L3SMI) were assessed at baseline and after chemotherapy. The recommended protocol of the Nutrition Guidelines for Cancer Patients in China 2020 was adopted as the active nutrition intervention. Chemotherapy-related toxic adverse reactions and the degree of toxicity were recorded with the adoption of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 by the National Institutes of Health. The type of toxicity Chemotherapy-Induced Nauseaand Vomiting(CINV) and hematological. Results: Fifty cases were enrolled in the study, and 38 cases completed the dynamic follow-ups. The average follow-up time was 125.63 d. In the context of active nutrition intervention, the prevalence of sarcopenia decreased from 26.3% before chemotherapy to 21.1% after chemotherapy. The average L3SMI decreased from 38.77 cm2/m2 to 38.04 cm2/m2, with a reduction of 1.41% ± 8.49% (P = 0.177). The SMI remained stable or increased in 57.9% (22/38) of patients. The benefit of active nutrition intervention was greater in the sarcopenic group than in the non-sarcopenic group (P = 0.033). There was an increased incidence of chemotherapy-related toxic adverse reactions of ≥ grade 3 during chemotherapy in the sarcopenic group compared with the muscle retention/gain group (P = 0.089). Conclusion: Active nutrition intervention might decrease the degree of reduction of L3SMI and the incidence of sarcopenia in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and raise the proportion of patients with stable or increased SMI during chemotherapy.

A Comparison of the Efficacy of 5 mg Olanzapine and Aprepitant in the Prevention of Multiple-Day Cisplatin Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting.

Objective: The significance of this article is to talk about aprepitant and olanzapine 5 mg, compare them, and deeply explore the safety or effectiveness during the whole process of multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea. Methods: This trial was randomized and prospective. It is needed to receive cisplatin chemotherapy (25 mg/m2/d) for three days. Its patients would need to choose to use 5 mg olanzapine or aprepitant for this treatment, combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist plus dexamethasone. The primary endpoints were the total protection (TP) during the acute phase (AP) (0-24 hours), delayed phase (DP) (25-120 hours), and overall phase (OP) (0-120 h) between the two groups. The secondary endpoints were the complete response (CR) and total control (TC) during the three phases. The first time of the whole process is particularly important and needs to be observed vigorously. However, the time of the patient's first vomiting symptom is also compared accurately by using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The functional life index vomiting (FLIE) was used to calculate and carefully evaluate the serious impact of nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by the whole chemotherapy process on the quality of life. About olanzapine, its related symptoms and other side effects and aprepitant were also recorded. Results: (1) The primary endpoint TP rates of the olanzapine and aprepitant groups were similar; for the AP, they were 94.23% (98/104) vs. 95.45% (98/106) P=0.61(P=0.61); for the DP, they were 54.81% (57/104) vs. 54.72% (58/106) (P=0.99), and for the OP, the values were 53.79% (58/105) and 55.31% (56/104), respectively (P=0.99). The secondary endpoints, the TC rates, and CR rates were also comparable in the three phases (P > 0.05). (2) After research and display, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups when they were used for the first time of vomiting and the FLIE index (P > 0.05). (3) The main olanzapine-related adverse event was drowsiness, while that of aprepitant was constipation. Conclusion: The efficacy of 5 mg olanzapine was similar to that of aprepitant, and it also showed an advantageous economic potency ratio in preventing CINV induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy with increased sedation side effects.

An Integrated Study on the Fading Mechanism of Malachite Green Industrial Dye for the Marquisette Curtain in the Studio of Cleansing Fragrance, the Palace Museum (Beijing).

Historical marquisette curtains were composed of lightweight fabrics, woven in an open-mesh and leno-type weave, usually made of silk, and found in Qing imperial buildings. As panel curtains, they were exposed to light, and so underwent fading. This study investigated the manufacturing technology and fading mechanism of dyed marquisette fabric from the Studio of Cleansing Fragrance, the Palace Museum (Beijing). The technological aspects were identified. The types of weave, fiber, and adhesive used to fix the curtain to the wooden frame were identified through microscopic observation and infrared spectroscopy. A color change characterization was performed based on UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. The textile colorant was identified as malachite green (MG), and its degradation by light was subsequently studied by dynamic photolysis experiments in a kinetic solution for the rapid exploration of by-products. The main degradation pathways were thus identified and the factors responsible for the induced color changes were discussed. A comparison of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results of the products derived from the photolysis method as well as of the samples extracted from the object allowed for the identification of the presence of different degradation pathways in the faded and unfaded parts of the textile. A metabolomics analysis was applied to account for the differences in the degradation pathways.

Progress in Research on Antitumor Drugs and Dynamic Changes in Skeletal Muscles.

Objective: To review the research progress of reltionship between antitumor drugs and the dynamic changes of the skeletal muscles during treatment phase. Background: Sarcopenia is a common disease in patients with tumors, and it has been agreed that patients with tumors and sarcopenia experience more serious adverse reactions and have a shorter long-term survival after antitumor therapy than patients without sarcopenia. Antitumor drugs whilst beneficial for tumor regression, interferes and synergizes with cancer-induced muscle wasting/sarcopenia, induced myodemia or intramuscular fat and the two conditions often overlap making it difficult to drive conclusions. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the dynamic changes in skeletal muscles during antitumor drug therapy. Dynamic changes refer not only measurement skeletal muscle quantity at baseline level, but give more emphasis on the increasing or decreasing level during or end of the whole treatment course. Methods: We retrievaled published English-language original research articles via pubmed, those studies mainly focused on repeated measurements of skeletal muscle index using computed tomography (CT) in cancer patients who received antitumor drug treatment but not received interventions that produced muscle mass change (such as exercise and nutritional interventions). Conclusion: This article will summarize the research progress to date. Most of antineoplastic drug cause skeletal muscle loss during the treatment course, loss of L3 skeletal muscle index is always associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Olanzapine (5 mg) plus standard triple antiemetic therapy for the prevention of multiple-day cisplatin hemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a prospective randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare 5 mg olanzapine plus standard triple antiemetic therapy for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy. METHODS: Patients who received a 3-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy (25 mg/m2/d) were given either 5 mg olanzapine plus triple therapy with aprepitant, tropisetron, and dexamethasone (quadruple group) or 5 mg olanzapine plus tropisetron and dexamethasone, omitting aprepitant (triplet group). The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) in the overall phase (OP) (0-120 h) between quadruple group and triplet group. The secondary endpoints were the CR in the acute phase (AP) (0-24 h) and delayed phase (DP) (25-120 h) between two groups. The first time of vomiting was also compared by Kaplan-Meier curves. The impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) on the quality of life was assessed by the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE). Aprepitant-related adverse effects (AEs) were also recorded. RESULTS: (1) The primary endpoint CR during OP was 76.0% (45/59) vs 67.0% (41/61) between the quadruple group and triplet group (P = 0.271). The secondary endpoint CR during the AP was significantly higher in the quadruple group than in the triplet group, which was 100.0% (59/59) vs 93.0% (57/61) (P = 0.045). The difference of CR during delayed phase between the groups was especially higher in the quadruple group compared to the triplet group (76.0% (45/59) vs 67.0% (41/61) (P = 0.271)). The rate of patients who achieved total protection in the overall phase was also higher in the quadruple group than the triplet group (28.8% (17/59) vs 23.0% (14/61) (P = 0.463)). During the OP, the incidence of no vomiting in the quadruple group and the triplet group was 93.2% (55/59) vs 80.3% (49/61) (P = 0.038), respectively. (2) Kaplan-Meier curves of time to first emesis were obviously longer in the quadruple group compared with the triplet group (P = 0.031). According to FLIE, no impact of CINV on daily life was defined as total score of questionnaire > 108; this study exhibited identical life quality between two groups. (3) The most common aprepitant- or olanzapine-related AEs included sedation, fatigue, and constipation. The occurrences between two groups were identical. CONCLUSION: It may been recommended that 5 mg olanzapine plus tropisetron and dexamethasone, omitting aprepitant triplet regimen as an alternative therapy in prevention CINV induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy due to the excellent CINV control rate and safety.

LINC00961 functions as an anti-oncogene in non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulation of miR-3127.

BACKGROUND: This study set out to explore the regulatory relationship between LINC00961/miR-3127 axis and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), so as to provide a new and effective molecular target for targeted therapy of NSCLC. METHODS: RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data of NSCLC and normal samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for analyzing LINC00961 and miR-3127 expression. Eighty-six pairs of clinical NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues as well as NSCLC cell lines were obtained. Measurements of LINK00961 and miR-3127 levels were done using real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, LINK00961 and miR-3127 in NSCLC cell were regulated respectively. The NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration were determined with MTT assay, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The levels of invasion- and apoptosis-related proteins were detected using western blots, and the connection of LINC00961 and miR-3127 was identified using dual luciferase reporter (DLR) assay. RESULTS: Differential analysis results of TCGA databases identified that LINC00961 was ubiquitously expressed at low levels in NSCLC, while miR-3127 was highly expressed. Similar expression trends of LINC00961 and miR-3127 were observed in clinical NSCLC samples and cell lines. Overexpression of LINC00961 and knockdown of miR-3127 significantly reduced NCI-H1299 cell migration, invasiveness, and multiplication, decreased MMP-2, MMP-9 and Bcl-2 protein levels, and increased E-cadherin, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels. The DLR assay confirmed that miR-3127 can be targeted by LINC00961. CONCLUSION: LINC00961 functions as an anti-oncogene in NSCLC by modulating miR-3127.

Preparative chromatography behavior of palmitoleic acid on octadecyl stationary phases with different densities.

The availability of various high-purity unsaturated fatty acids has a wide range of needs due to their different activities. The nonlinear preparative chromatography behavior and principle for purification of palmitoleic acid with octadecyl bonded stationary phases were studied. The peak broadening and the concentration distribution of the target compounds were used to compare different C18 stationary phases. In preparative liquid chromatography, the C18 stationary phases with low, medium, and high bonding density showed different peak broadening and concentration distribution results. Medium bonding density C18 was suitable for the purification of ethyl palmitoleic acid. The forward broadening was much greater than the backward broadening on medium bonding density C18 column. And the highest concentration distribution of impurities and the main peak was not crossed in this column. Due to the low content of crude ethyl palmitoleic acid sample, a two-step purified method yields an oily product with purity of 96.57% in the GC method. This method would be universal and extensible for constructing purification method for other unsaturated fatty acids.

High-performance liquid chromatography quantitative analysis of ephedrine alkaloids in Ephedrae Herba on a perfluorooctyl stationary phase.

Ephedrae Herba is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines, and it has been shown that most of the clinical efficacy for cold and asthma is exerted by its alkaloidal components. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed using a perfluorooctyl column for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids (norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and methylephedrine) in Ephedrae Herba. The mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 15 mM ammonium trifluoroacetate was used to elute the targets in isocratic elution mode. The method was validated for linearity (R2  > 0.999), repeatability, intraday and interday precision, recoveries with trueness (93.87-110.99%), limits of detection (5.35-5.76 µg/mL), and limits of quantification (20 µg/mL). The quantitative results revealed that the developed method was precise and accurate. Then it was successfully applied to determine the difference in the contents of three batches of Ephedrae Herba from three pharmaceutical companies.

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein causes blood coagulation and thrombosis by competitive binding to heparan sulfate.

Thrombotic complication has been an important symptom in critically ill patients with COVID-19. It has not been clear whether the virus spike (S) protein can directly induce blood coagulation in addition to inflammation. Heparan sulfate (HS)/heparin, a key factor in coagulation process, was found to bind SARS-CoV-2 S protein with high affinity. Herein, we found that the S protein can competitively inhibit the bindings of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II to heparin/HS, causing abnormal increase in thrombin activity. SARS-CoV-2 S protein at a similar concentration (~10 µg/mL) as the viral load in critically ill patients can cause directly blood coagulation and thrombosis in zebrafish model. Furthermore, exogenous heparin/HS can significantly reduce coagulation caused by S protein, pointing to a potential new direction to elucidate the etiology of the virus and provide fundamental support for anticoagulant therapy especially for the COVID-19 critically ill patients.

Evaluation and application of a positively-charged phenylaminopropyl bonded stationary phase for separation of basic compounds.

Silica-based positively-charged stationary phase bonding phenylaminopropyl (named PHN) was found to produce symmetrical peak shape and higher sample loading for basic compounds. In this work, firstly, surface charge property of the PHN was evaluated by ζ-potential and retention of NO3-. A considerable amount of pH-dependent positive charges was confirmed more than that on CSH Phenyl-Hexyl, a commercial positively-charged phenyl stationary phase. Then chromatographic evaluation of standard alkaloids revealed that PHN could offer better peak shape and higher column efficiency at lower pH, and it functioned well under a wide range of buffer ionic strength. The PHN also showed different selectivity for basic compounds compared to the CSH Phenyl-Hexyl. Furthermore, it provided superior peak shape for high sample mass, demonstrating potential applications of this stationary phase in a preparative scale. These results can be explained by the strong charge intensity of the PHN stationary phase. Finally, the PHN was applied to separate a fraction from rhizomes of Corydalis decumbens, and purify dehydrocorybulbine from Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang. Our study indicated the advantages and potential applications of the phenylaminopropyl bonded PHN stationary phase for basic compound separation.