Efficient Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction on Three-Phase Interface Coupled in a Three-Compartment Flow Reactor for the Ambient NH3 Synthesis.

The electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (eNRR) represents a carbon-free alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for a sustainable NH3 synthesis powered by renewable energy under ambient conditions. Despite significant efforts to develop catalyst activity and selectivity toward eNRR, an appropriate electrochemical system to obstruct the drawback of low N2 solubility remains broadly unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an electrocatalytic system combining a ruthenium/carbon black gas diffusion electrode (Ru/CB GDE) with a three-compartment flow cell, enabling solid-liquid-gas catalytic interfaces for the highly efficient Ru-catalyzed eNRR. The electrolyte optimization and the Ru/CB GDE development through the hydrophobicity, the Ru/CB loading, and the post-treatment have revealed the crucial contribution of interfacial N2 transportation and local pH environment. The optimized hydrophobic Ru/CB GDE generated excellent eNRR performance, achieving a high NH3 yield rate of 9.9 × 10-10 mol/cm2 s at -0.1 V vs RHE, corresponding to the highest faradaic efficiency of 64.8% and a specific energy efficiency of 40.7%, exceeding the most reported system. This work highlights the critical role of design and optimization of the GDE-flow cell combination and provides a valuable practicable solution to enhance the electrochemical reaction involving gas-phase reactants with low solubility.

The clinical study of fast-track rehabilitation nursing in the perioperative period of therapeutic laparoscopy of colon cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of fast-track rehabilitation nursing in the perioperative period of therapeutic laparoscopy of colon cancer patients. METHODS: Patients with colorectal cancers who were hospitalized in the Department of Oncology and General Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from August 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the research subjects of the study. All the research subjects were divided into the study group 1(n=29), the study group 2(n=29) and the control group (n=24). The control group received routine nursing during the perioperative period, and the research group 1 and 2 received rapid rehabilitation nursing during the perioperative period. Postoperative comparison was made between the two groups on the differences in the time of the first time out of bed, the time of the first anal exhaust, and the time of the first feeding. The differences of pain control in each group after nursing care were evaluated by the pain scale, and the degree of satisfaction of each group was evaluated by the satisfaction scale. RESULTS: In terms of the basic information of patients, the experimental results had indicated no significant statistical difference among the study group 1, the study group 2, and the control group (P>0.05). By analysing the postoperative physical condition indicators of patients, the time of first off-bed activity, the time of first anal exhaust, and the first time of food intake of patients in the observation group 1 and the observation group 2 were significantly different (P<0.05) as compared with the control group. Besides that, the postoperative pain scale and pain satisfaction of patients were observed, in which the difference in pain scales at each 6h, 12h, 24h, and 48h after the surgeries were statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of the satisfaction of pain control or pain relief, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it was concluded that the fast-track rehabilitation nursing could promote the treatment of colon cancer patients. Despite the deficiencies of the experimental processes, the study has provided the good results on fast-track rehabilitation nursing with a reliable theoretical basis.

Adding a complex microbial agent twice to the composting of laying-hen manure promoted doxycycline degradation with a low risk on spreading tetracycline resistance genes.

Poultry manure is a reservoir for antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes and composting is an effective biological treatment for manure. This study explored the effect of using two methods of adding a complex microbial agent to the composting of laying-hen manure on doxycycline degradation and tetracycline resistance genes elimination. The results showed that incorporating a complex microbial agent at 0.8% (w/w) on the 0th and 11th day (group MT2) effectively degraded doxycycline with a final degradation rate of 46.83 ±â€¯0.55%. The half-life of doxycycline in this group was 21.90 ±â€¯0.00 days and was significantly lower than that of group MT1 (1.6% (w/w) complex microbial agent added on the 0th day) and group DT (compost without complex microbial agent). But there was no significant difference in the final degradation rate of doxycycline between group DT and group MT1. The addictive with the complex microbial agent changed the microbial community structure. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla during composting. Aerococcus, Desemzia, Facklamia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Trichococcus were the bacteria related to the degradation of doxycycline. Moreover, the incorporation of a complex microbial agent could decrease the risk on spreading tetracycline resistance genes. The single addition promoted the elimination of tetM, whose possible hosts were Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Trichococcus. Adding the complex microbial agent twice promoted the elimination of tetX, which was related to the low abundance of Chryseobacterium, Flavobacterium and Neptunomonas in group MT2. Redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial community, residual doxycycline and physiochemical properties have a potential effect on the variation in tetracycline resistance genes levels. Overall, adding the complex microbial agent twice is an effective measure to degrade doxycycline.