Liquid exfoliation of molybdenum metallenes for non-inflammatory photothermal therapy of tumors.

Tissue damage and cell death occurring during photothermal therapy (PTT) for tumors can induce an inflammatory response that is detrimental to tumor therapy. Herein, ultrathin Mo metallene nanosheets with a thickness of <5 nm prepared by liquid phase exfoliation were explored as functional hyperthermia agents for non-inflammatory ablation of tumors. The obtained Mo metallene nanosheets exhibited good photothermal conversion properties and significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, thus achieving superior cancer cell ablation and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. For in vivo experiments, 4T1 tumors were ablated while the inflammation-related cytokine levels did not obviously increase, demonstrating that the inflammatory response induced by PTT was inhibited by the anti-inflammatory properties of Mo metallene nanosheets. Moreover, Mo metallene nanosheets depicted good dispersibility and biocompatibility, beneficial for biomedical applications. This work introduces Mo metallenes as promising hyperthermia agents for non-inflammatory PTT of tumors.

Rhodium-Rhenium Alloy Nanozymes for Non-inflammatory Photothermal Therapy.

Analogous to thermal ablation techniques in clinical settings, cell necrosis induced during tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) can provoke an inflammatory response that is detrimental to the treatment of tumors. In this study, we employed a straightforward one-step liquid-phase reduction process to synthesize uniform RhRe nanozymes with an average hydrodynamic size of 41.7 nm for non-inflammatory photothermal therapy. The obtained RhRe nanozymes showed efficient near-infrared (NIR) light absorption for effective PTT, coupled with a remarkable capability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) for anti-inflammatory treatment. After laser irradiation, the 4T1 tumors were effectively ablated without obvious tumor recurrence within 14 days, along with no obvious increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Notably, these RhRe nanozymes demonstrated high biocompatibility with normal cells and tissues, both in vitro and in vivo, as evidenced by the lack of significant toxicity in female BALB/c mice treated with 10 mg/kg of RhRe nanozymes over a 14 day period. This research highlights RhRe alloy nanoparticles as bioactive nanozymes for non-inflammatory PTT in tumor therapy.

Decreased expression of microRNA-214 contributes to imatinib mesylate resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia patients by upregulating ABCB1 gene expression.

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene and its protein P-glycoprotein (PGP) in bone marrow mononuclear cells from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance, or IM-resistant CML K562 cells. In addition, the molecular mechanism of action of microRNA (miR)-214 on ABCB1 in IM resistance was investigated. A total of 26 CML patients with IM resistance were included in the present study. In addition, 31 CML patients who did not have IM resistance were included as the control group. Bone marrow was collected from all subjects. The K562R cell line, which is a K562 cell line with IM resistance, was used for cellular studies. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of ABCB1 mRNA and miR-214 in cells. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of PGP. Dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to identify interactions between ABCB1 mRNA and miR-214. MTT assay was used to determine the survival rate of cells. ABCB1 mRNA and PGP expression was upregulated in bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients with IM resistance. K562R cells had higher ABCB1 and PGP expression than K562 cells, potentially due to their different sensitivity to IM. Expression miR-214 was decreased in bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with IM resistance and K562R cells. Notably, miR-214 was able to bind with the 3'-untranslated region, seed region of ABCB1 mRNA to regulate its expression. In addition, elevated expression of miR-214 restored IM sensitivity to K562R cells potentially by affecting ABCB1 expression. The present study demonstrated that upregulated expression of ABCB1 mRNA and PGP in bone marrow mononuclear cells from CML patients with IM resistance may be associated with the downregulation of miR-214. In addition, miR-214 may participate in the IM resistance of CML patients by regulating ABCB1 expression.