Intranasal Polymeric and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for CNS Drug Delivery.

Nanomedicine is currently focused on the design and development of nanocarriers that enhance drug delivery to the brain to address unmet clinical needs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and neurological diseases. Polymer and lipid-based drug carriers are advantageous for delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) due to their safety profiles, drug-loading capacity, and controlled-release properties. Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) are reported to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have been extensively assessed in in vitro and animal models of glioblastoma, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disease. Since approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of intranasal esketamine for treatment of major depressive disorder, intranasal administration has emerged as an attractive route to bypass the BBB for drug delivery to the CNS. NPs can be specifically designed for intranasal administration by tailoring their size and coating with mucoadhesive agents or other moieties that promote transport across the nasal mucosa. In this review, unique characteristics of polymeric and lipid-based nanocarriers desirable for drug delivery to the brain are explored in addition to their potential for drug repurposing for the treatment of CNS disorders. Progress in intranasal drug delivery using polymeric and lipid-based nanostructures for the development of treatments of various neurological diseases are also described.

Controlled release of vitamin B1 and evaluation of biodegradation studies of chitosan and gelatin based hydrogels.

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a vitamin synthesized for dietary supplementation and medication. In order to improve dissolution, bioavailability and sustained release of Thiamine, we prepared Thiamine hydrochloride (TH) and beta-cyclodextrin (ß-CD) host-guest solid inclusion complexes by microwave irradiation and studied the chemical characteristics and drug delivery potential of the complex. Based upon the molecular docking and phase solubility studies, we proposed the most probable structure of 1:1 inclusion complex. The value of the apparent stability constant was found to be 122.437 ± 4 M-1. Furthermore, Chitosan-Gelatin hybrid polymer networks (HPNs) containing ß-CD: TH inclusion complexes (ICs) were synthesized and the drug release was studied. It was found that TH releases in a more controlled manner from the ICs compare to the directly loaded TH into the HPN. The continuous progress of biodegradation at different stages was tested through FTIR and SEM characterization, which showed HPNs synthesized are biodegradable and composting method was found to be more efficient than soil burial method. Overall, our study describes that microwave-induced synthesis of ICs is efficient, time-saving, and environment-friendly, and the ICs are useful for a controlled release of Vitamin B1; thus, highlighting their potential in therapeutics of Vitamin B1 deficiency.