Treatment outcomes of advanced/metastatic extramammary Paget's disease in Korean patients: KCSG-RC20-06.

BACKGROUND: Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is rare. There are no standard treatments due to its rarity and few clinical trials. METHODS: The objective of this multicenter study was to investigate treatment outcomes of Korean patients with advanced/metastatic EMPD. Data were collected retrospectively from 14 institutions participating in Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) Rare Cancer Committee. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients were identified. Of these 37 patients, 6 received locoregional therapy as a first-line treatment. In 31 patients who received systemic chemotherapy as a first-line treatment, platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 22) achieved an objective response rate (ORR) of 45.5% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.89 months. Taxane-based chemotherapy (n = 8) achieved an objective response rate of 62.5% and median PFS of 9.73 months. In second-line chemotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy (n = 4) had a disease control rate (DCR) of 75.0% and median PFS of 3.45 months. Taxane-based chemotherapy (n = 8) had a DCR of 75.0% and a median PFS of 8.67 months. Six patients received anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody during first- and second-line chemotherapy. Overall, systemic chemotherapy combined with anti-HER2 antibody had an ORR of 100% and a median PFS of 13.31 months. The ORR and PFS with systemic chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab was better than platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy only. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its rarity, advanced or metastatic EMPD still has no established standard treatment. Results of our study indicate that the combination of trastuzumab with taxane has longer survival than trastuzumab monotherapy or conventional platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy.

Equivalent inductance model for the design analysis of electrodynamic suspension coils for hyperloop.

Hyperloop is a new concept of ground transportation. In Hyperloop, travelling occurs in near-vacuum tubes under 0.001 atm at a subsonic speed of up to 1200 km/h. During acceleration to and driving at a subsonic speed, magnetic levitation is employed. Thus far, various levitation technologies in existing high-speed maglev trains have been considered. Among those technologies, superconducting (SC) electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a highly effective levitation system for Hyperloop owing to its advantages of a large levitation gap, levitation stability, and control being unnecessary. However, analyzing an EDS system requires the electromagnetic transient analysis of complex three-dimensional (3D) features, and its computational load generally limits the use of numerical methods, such as the 3D finite element method (FEM) or dynamic circuit theory. In this study, a novel model that can rapidly and accurately calculate the frequency-dependent equivalent inductance was developed. The developed model was then applied to design an EDS system using the decoupled resistance-inductance equations of levitation coils. Next, levitation coils of SC-EDS were designed and analyzed for use in Hyperloop. The obtained results were compared with the FEM results to validate the developed model. In addition, the model was experimentally validated by measuring currents induced by moving pods.

Effects of soaking treatment on the acrylamide and inulin contents of Jerusalem artichoke tea and its antioxidant activity.

There are several studies that show that large amounts of acrylamide are detected in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tea. This study examined acrylamide, inulin content and antioxidant properties of Jerusalem artichoke tea brewed in different conditions. Uniformly sliced Jerusalem artichokes were soaked in different salt and acidic solutions for 60 min at 20 °C and extracted with hot or cold water. The acrylamide content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The Inulin content and antioxidant activity were analyzed by spectrophotometer. Soaking significantly reduced acrylamide levels (p < 0.05) with the largest decrease observed for acetic acid, whereas the effects of all soaking treatments on inulin content were similar. Teas brewed using small-particle-size samples and hot water exhibited the highest acrylamide/inulin levels and antioxidant activity. Consequently, The most suitable treatment for Jerusalem Artichoke tea preparation was 1-h soaking in 1% acetic acid at 20 °C.