Emotional and Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nursing Students.

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health and educational experiences of nursing students in undergraduate and graduate programs. A larger mixed-methods study aimed to understand how COVID-19 impacted personal lives and learning experiences of students across all programs levels. This article reports on qualitative data obtained from focus groups organized by student program level. Six themes emerged, including fear and uncertainty, trust in God, educational and career concerns, concerns about family, mental health issues, and isolation/lack of human touch. Key areas covered are the emotional and psychological effects of COVID-19 and its factors and the role of faith during COVID-19 among nursing students.

Factors associated with enrollment into differentiated service delivery model among adults with HIV in Kenya.

INTRODUCTION: Differentiated service delivery (DSD) such as multimonth dispensing (MMD) aims to provide client-centered HIV services, while reducing the workload within health facilities. We assessed individual and facility factors associated with receiving more than three MMD and switching from ≥3MMD back to <3MMD in Kenya. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clients eligible for DSD between July 2017 and December 2019. A random sample of clients eligible for DSD was selected from 32 randomly selected facilities located in Nairobi, Kisii, and Migori counties. We used a multilevel Poisson regression model to assess the factors associated with receiving ≥3MMD, and with switching from ≥3MMD back to <3MMD. RESULTS: A total of 3501 clients eligible for ≥3MMD were included in our analysis: 1808 (51.6%) were receiving care in Nairobi County and the remaining 1693 (48.4%) in Kisii and Migori counties. Overall, 65% of clients were enrolled in ≥3MMD at the time of entry into the cohort. In the multivariable model, younger age (20-24; 25-29; 30-34 vs. 50 or more years) and switching ART regimen was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of ≥3MMD uptake. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of enrollment in ≥3MMD included receiving DTG vs. EFV-based ART regimen (aRR: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.15). CONCLUSION: Client-level characteristics are associated with being on ≥3MMD and the likelihood of switching from ≥3MMD to <3MMD. Monitoring DSD enrollment across different populations is critical to successfully implementing these models continually.

Nurses' role in caring for girls with precocious puberty.

Puberty is an important marker of health and development in a child's life. Complex neuroendocrine factors contribute to the onset of puberty. While pubertal changes usually occur between the ages of 12 and 13 years, some children may attain puberty before the age of eight years for girls and nine years for boys, which is termed precocious puberty. A literature review was conducted to explore the incidence and prevalence of precocious puberty, identify contributory factors, and recognise management and preventive measures. In addition, the effects on the child and family and the role of nurses were considered. The incidence and prevalence of precocious puberty are increasing. Obesity, early childhood stressors, environmental toxins, increased access to the internet and socioeconomic status are contributory factors. Pharmacological and psychological interventions may be used to manage precocious puberty. Lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating are important preventive measures. Nurses have an important role in preparing children and families, and supporting their psychological and social well-being.

Understanding Facilitators and Barriers to Providing Equity-Oriented Care in the NICU.

The current study examined the use of immersive technology as a way to improve access to high-quality interpersonal breastfeeding interactions in an undergraduate clinical lactation course. In particular, we investigated the impact of immersive consultation videos and related activities on student self-efficacy, motivational beliefs, and perceived skill level. Results indicate that usability was high, with participants rating videos, interactives, and activities positively. Although no significant improvements in their level of interest or perceived skill were found, students did report a significant increase in self-efficacy and their perceived ability to meet the course learning objectives. Our results demonstrate that high-quality immersive videos can be an important learning tool for teaching clinical skills when access to direct patient care is limited or absent.

Prosopagnosia (face blindness) and child health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prosopagnosia or 'face blindness' is the inability to recognise people's faces. There are two types: congenital or developmental prosopagnosia, which is the most common, and acquired prosopagnosia, which may occur secondary to brain tumours, stroke or other brain disorders. The authors of this article explored if mask wearing as a result of the restrictions imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may affect social and developmental outcomes in children, including the development of prosopagnosia. Limited research on this topic is available and, although some relevant publications were found, no definitive evidence of mask-induced prosopagnosia in children was identified. However, nurses should be aware of this issue and discuss coping strategies to support children with the condition. Longitudinal studies on outcomes in children from different age groups who grew up during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide further insight.

Using Social Media Platforms to Enhance the Delivery of a Childbirth Education Program.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a childbirth education program on self-efficacy and state anxiety among first-time Jordanian mothers. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted using pretest/posttest design with 128 low-risk, first-time Jordanian mothers. The experimental group (N = 64) received a childbirth education program, while those in the control group (N = 64) received standard care in antenatal clinics. Data were collected at two different time points: at recruitment and 3 weeks after attending the program. RESULTS: The mean score of the experimental group on outcome expectancy (posttest) (139.91, SD = 15.586) was significantly higher than that of the control group (110.16, SD = 28.33) (F = 72.356, P = .003, partial Eta squared = .37). On the efficacy expectancy, the mean score of the experimental group (133.33, SD = 16.246) was also higher than that of the control group (92.06, SD = 27.07) (F = 144.282, P = .000, partial eta squared = .54). On the state anxiety scale, the mean score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the experimental group (F = 89.715, P = .002, partial eta squared = .42). CONCLUSION: The childbirth education program improved the coping ability of mothers during childbirth and decreased their state of anxiety.

Facilitation of Forgiveness: Impact on Health and Well-being.

Although the practice of forgiveness is encouraged, the healing properties of this virtue by health care professionals are often overlooked. Forgiveness is the voluntary, conscious decision to abandon negative feelings toward another who has caused hurt and replacing those feelings with unconditional love and compassion. It is not about forgetting the hurt or ignoring the pain; it is an actual transformation of the heart. The Enright Forgiveness Process Model and the Pyramid Model of Forgiveness are 2 models that facilitate the forgiveness process. By utilizing either of these pathways, the forgiver ultimately experiences peace of mind and a "release from emotional prison" that leads to holistic healing. As a result, the forgiver experiences lower levels of depression, anxiety, and aggression, which improves quality of life. In addition, physiological benefits such as decreased stress levels, lower blood pressure, and a lower heart rate have also been reported. Throughout the course of their careers, nurses encounter patients and families in acute or end-of-life care situations who want to forgive or be forgiven. As holistic health care providers, nurses should be able to facilitate and close this gap in patient care. This article attempts to raise awareness to the importance of forgiveness in health and well-being among nurses and other health care professionals.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nursing Students: Factors Associated with PTSD Risk.

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly transformed nursing education, creating multiple stressors for students. The researchers in this study examined how undergraduate and graduate nursing students at a faith-based university perceived the impact of COVID-19. A multiple linear regression model explored the effect of 17 variables on the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) scores. Anxiety level, quality of sleep, and perceived health demonstrated a statistically significant influence on IES-R scores; 27% of students had IES-R scores above 33, indicating high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. Strategies to help address student stress and anxiety are discussed.

Ultrasensitive disulfide scrambling analysis of mAbs by LC-MS with post-column reduction and glycine signal enhancement.

Explicitly confirming the complete disulfide bond linkage pattern of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) presents a challenge in the biopharmaceutical industry. Although proper native disulfide connections are in high abundance for analytical purposes within a peptide mapping digest under non-reducing conditions, disulfide scrambling can also exist but be difficult to detect, let alone characterize, particularly at low levels. Here, we developed an ultrasensitive high-confidence method for identifying explicit disulfide connectivity in mAbs. By applying a post-column addition of tris (2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) to the liquid chromatography (LC) eluent of a non-reduced mAb digest, partial reduction of disulfide peptides is achieved after the initial peptide separation, allowing both the parent disulfide and its reduced daughter peptides to co-elute for simultaneous mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Combining this concept with the recently discovered ability of glycine to enhance MS signal when added to the LC eluent, we demonstrate a method for detecting, characterizing and quantifying low-abundance disulfide scrambling in mAbs.