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Hamartoma , Ceratose , Poroceratose , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Conexinas/genética , Hamartoma/genética , Mutação , Poroceratose/genéticaRESUMO
The endangered yellow-spotted river turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) has experienced a dramatic population decline in the Ecuadorian Amazonia, mainly due to overexploitation of its eggs. To reverse this trend, the Wildlife Conservation Society has developed a head-start program in Yasuní National Park since 2008, but the potential risk that microbes associated with its eggs might represent for hatching success has not been evaluated yet. Members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are involved in egg failure in sea turtles under natural and hatchery conditions, but their role in infecting the eggs of P. unifilis is unknown. In this study, we collected eggshells of P. unifilis and obtained 50 fungal and bacterial isolates. Some potentially pathogenic fungi of the genera Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were identified based on molecular data. Most importantly, the sea turtle pathogenic species F. keratoplasticum not only was present, but it was the most frequently found. Conversely, we have also isolated other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas or Phoma-like species, producing a wide spectrum of antifungal compounds that may have a protective role against fungal diseases. Our survey provides useful information on potential pathogens found in P. unifilis eggshells, upon which the success of conservation programs may depend.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: CARADERM is a French national network that includes patients with rare skin adnexal neoplasms. The present paper describes only the adnexal neoplasm part of this network. The primary objective of CARADERM is to improve medical care for malignant skin adnexal neoplasms. A multidisciplinary review group and a centralized pathological review group have been set up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A dual network of clinicians and pathologists has been set up. Data are recorded in a secure database. RESULTS: The CARADERM network comprises of 38 clinical centres and 22 pathology centres. Between 2014 and 2017, 1598 patients with an adnexal neoplasm were included. Data of interest were documented in 80% of cases. Median patient age was 72 years. Major histological subtypes were sweat gland carcinomas (50%), hair follicle carcinomas (37.7%), and sebaceous gland carcinomas (9.8%). Surgery was the first-line treatment for 81% of patients, including 76.9% with standard surgical margin analysis, and 5.5% with exhaustive margin analysis. 920 patients (57.6%) underwent a national pathology review process. DISCUSSION: The CARADERM network aims at providing assistance in difficult situations concerning diagnosis and care in skin adnexal neoplasms. Analysis of the CARADERM data should allow the creation of a prognostic classification of these rare neoplasms together with recommendations. A national multidisciplinary consensus exists. Translational and therapeutic research is ongoing. CONCLUSION: The CARADERM network is currently recruiting and more data should lead to improved knowledge of these tumours in the coming years.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Anexos e de Apêndices Cutâneos/epidemiologia , Vigilância da População , Neoplasias Cutâneas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bases de Dados Factuais , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Raras , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Pérnio/patologia , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/efeitos adversos , Mãos/cirurgia , Transplante de Pele/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pérnio/diagnóstico , Pérnio/etiologia , Pérnio/prevenção & controle , Clima Frio/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Retalhos de Tecido Biológico/transplante , Humanos , Microcirculação/fisiologiaAssuntos
Erisipela/imunologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/imunologia , Streptococcus/imunologia , Idoso , Erisipela/microbiologia , Erisipela/patologia , Face , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva , Remissão Espontânea , Pele/imunologia , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/patologia , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Herein we report a case of cutaneous granular bacteriosis, with discussion of the nosological setting of this entity based upon the clinical and histological findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 62-year-old woman receiving methotrexate for Sezary syndrome was admitted for fever of 38.5ÌC and overall impairment of her health. She presented a fistulous nodule on her right knee, and skin biopsy revealed a focus of ulcerated suppuration with quantities of Gram+ and Grocott+ granules containing no filament, enclosed by eosinophilic matter (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon). A sample of effusion from the sole of her right foot revealed a methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus, which was also found in several blood cultures. Two abscessed nodules on the middle right lobe were visible on a thoracic CT scan despite the initial absence of respiratory symptoms. In view of this bacteraemia of cutaneous origin with sepsis caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus complicated by pulmonary abscesses, dual antibiotic treatment against staphylococci (cloxacillin-gentamicin followed by rifampicin-ofloxacin) was given over a two-month period. DISCUSSION: The histological picture of granular bacteriosis suggested the possibility of botryomycosis or mycetoma. Botryomycosis involves chronic, relapsing, weeping and ulcero-vegetating abscesses. Mycetoma consists of fistulous swellings that secrete a discharge composed of blood and serum and containing grains made up of filaments. Although the staphylococcal organism identified was evocative of botryomycosis, the clinical findings were not consistent with either of these entities, since they revealed an acute bacterial abscess. The most adequate term is thus the more generic name of septic cutaneous granular abscess.
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Sepse/patologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Abscesso Pulmonar/etiologia , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Sepse/microbiologia , Síndrome de Sézary/complicações , Síndrome de Sézary/tratamento farmacológico , Coloração e Rotulagem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transformed mycosis fungoides (TMF) large cells may express CD30 antigen, and because of this, the differential diagnosis between CD30-rich TMF and primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (cALCL) may be difficult, and especially in distinguishing cALCL associated with MF vs. CD30-rich TMF. OBJECTIVES: To find clinical, histological and molecular diagnostic features useful for differential diagnosis between cALCL and CD30-rich TMF. To analyse and compare the prognostic value of clinical and pathological factors in these two diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study (1999-2012) of 32 patients with cALCL and 34 with CD30-rich TMF, seen in reference centres of the French Study Group of Cutaneous Lymphoma. Clinical, histological and molecular features were analysed and compared to determine their diagnostic and prognostic value. RESULTS: Comparison of the two groups showed that age Ë 60 years, ≥ 5 skin lesions, early progression, absence of spontaneous regression and trunk involvement were significantly associated with the diagnosis of TMF. Abnormal T-cell phenotype and perforin expression were significantly more frequent in cALCL (both P < 0·001). Overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 77·4% for cALCL and 20·7% for CD30-rich TMF. Stage T3, ≥ 5 skin lesions, lower limb involvement for cALCL and stage T4, extracutaneous involvement, B symptoms, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase for CD30-rich TMF were associated with poor OS and progression-free survival. DUSP22 gene rearrangement had no diagnostic or prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features and outcome are the most discriminative to differentiate the two entities. Even histological and molecular markers were not fully specific; abnormal vs. normal T-cell phenotype and perforin expression may constitute helpful tools.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-1/metabolismo , Linfoma Anaplásico Cutâneo Primário de Células Grandes/diagnóstico , Micose Fungoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Linfoma Anaplásico Cutâneo Primário de Células Grandes/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Micose Fungoide/mortalidade , Perforina/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade , Linfócitos T/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Habitat bioaugmentation and introduction of protective microbiota have been proposed as potential conservation strategies to rescue endangered mammals and amphibians from emerging diseases. For both strategies, insight into the microbiomes of the endangered species and their habitats is essential. Here, we sampled nests of the endangered sea turtle species Eretmochelys imbricata that were infected with the fungal pathogen Fusarium falciforme. Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial communities associated with the shells of the sea turtle eggs revealed approximately 16,664 operational taxonomic units, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as the most dominant phyla. Subsequent isolation of Actinobacteria from the eggshells led to the identification of several genera (Streptomyces, Amycolaptosis, Micromomospora Plantactinospora and Solwaraspora) that inhibit hyphal growth of the pathogen F. falciforme. These bacterial genera constitute a first set of microbial indicators to evaluate the potential role of microbiota in conservation of endangered sea turtle species.
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Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Fusarium , Microbiota/fisiologia , Tartarugas/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias , ÓvuloRESUMO
Nascent fungal infections are currently considered as one of the main threats for biodiversity and ecosystem health, and have driven several animal species into critical risk of extinction. Sea turtles are one of the most endangered groups of animals and only seven species have survived to date. Here, we described two pathogenic species, i.e., Fusarium falciforme and Fusarium keratoplasticum, that are globally distributed in major turtle nesting areas for six sea turtle species and that are implicated in low hatch success. These two fungi possess key biological features that are similar to emerging pathogens leading to host extinction, e.g., high virulence, and a broad host range style of life. Their optimal growth temperature overlap with the optimal incubation temperature for eggs, and they are able to kill up to 90% of the embryos. Environmental forcing, e.g., tidal inundation and clay/silt content of nests, were correlated to disease development. Thus, these Fusarium species constitute a major threat to sea turtle nests, especially to those experiencing environmental stressors. These findings have serious implications for the survival of endangered sea turtle populations and the success of conservation programs worldwide.
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Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Fusarium/fisiologia , Geografia , Oceanos e Mares , Tartarugas/microbiologia , Animais , Embrião não Mamífero/microbiologia , Fusarium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Micélio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Comportamento de Nidação , Óvulo/microbiologia , Filogenia , Temperatura , Tartarugas/embriologiaRESUMO
We report two cases of pulmonary aspergilloma (PA) in a cavity formed after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA), a rare complication that has only been described once in the literature. The first patient was a 59-year-old white woman treated for a secondary lung nodule of an advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. One month after PRFA, a consolidation of a cavity was noticed with an "air crescent sign," and aspergilloma serology was highly positive. A bisegmentectomy was performed due to the proximity of the lesion to mediastinal vessels and the absence of significant regression after antifungal treatment. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PA. The second patient was a 61-year-old white man followed-up for a non-small-cell lung cancer. A cavitation with thick margins in the ablation zone was noticed 6 months after PRFA. A biopsy was performed, and aspergilloma was diagnosed. Medical treatment with itraconazole was administered for 13 months, and there was significant regression.
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Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Aspergilose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Biópsia por Agulha , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Aspergilose Pulmonar/etiologia , Aspergilose Pulmonar/terapia , Doenças Raras , Estudos de Amostragem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The fungus Fusarium solani (Mart.) Saccardo (1881) was found to be the cause of infections in the eggs of the sea turtle species Caretta caretta in Boavista Island, Cape Verde. Egg shells with early and severe symptoms of infection, as well as diseased embryos were sampled from infected nests. Twenty-five isolates with similar morphological characteristics were obtained. Their ITS rRNA gene sequences were similar to the GenBank sequences corresponding to F. solani and their maximum identity ranged from 95% to 100%. Phylogenetic parsimony and Bayesian analyses of these isolates showed that they belong to a single F. solani clade and that they are distributed in two subclades named A and C (the latter containing 23 out of 25). A representative isolate of subclade C was used in challenge inoculation experiments to test Koch postulates. Mortality rates were c. 83.3% in challenged eggs and 8.3% in the control. Inoculated challenged eggs exhibited the same symptoms as infected eggs found in the field. Thus, this work demonstrates that a group of strains of F. solani are responsible for the symptoms observed on turtle-nesting beaches, and that they represent a risk for the survival of this endangered species.