Failure Prediction of High-Flow Nasal Cannula at the Conventional Oxygen Therapy Phase in the Emergency Department.

INTRODUCTION: The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure has been increasing in the emergency department (ED). However, studies are lacking on the prediction of HFNC failure before therapy initiation in the ED. We investigated whether the existing indices, such as the ratio of pulse oximetry oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen to respiratory rate (ROX) and ratio of ROX index to heart rate (ROX-HR), can accurately predict HFNC failure at the conventional oxygen therapy phase in the ED. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included patients treated with HFNC in the ED. The ROX and ROX-HR indices were calculated before initiating HFNC. An estimated fraction of inspired oxygen was used for conventional oxygen therapy. We plotted each index's receiver operating characteristics curve and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic capacity. The optimal cutoff values were assessed using the Youden index. The primary outcome was HFNC failure, defined as intubation in the ED. RESULTS: Among the 97 included patients, 25 (25.8%) failed HFNC therapy in the ED. The ROX and ROX-HR indices measured before initiating HFNC showed AUCs of 0.709 and 0.754, respectively. A ROX index of <5.614 and a ROX-HR index of <6.152 were associated with a high risk of intubation, even after correcting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: The ROX and ROX-HR indices measured before initiating HFNC provide a relatively fair predictive value of HFNC failure in the ED.

Value of quantitative airspace disease measured on chest CT and chest radiography at initial diagnosis compared to clinical variables for prediction of severe COVID-19.

Purpose: Rapid prognostication of COVID-19 patients is important for efficient resource allocation. We evaluated the relative prognostic value of baseline clinical variables (CVs), quantitative human-read chest CT (qCT), and AI-read chest radiograph (qCXR) airspace disease (AD) in predicting severe COVID-19. Approach: We retrospectively selected 131 COVID-19 patients (SARS-CoV-2 positive, March to October, 2020) at a tertiary hospital in the United States, who underwent chest CT and CXR within 48 hr of initial presentation. CVs included patient demographics and laboratory values; imaging variables included qCT volumetric percentage AD (POv) and qCXR area-based percentage AD (POa), assessed by a deep convolutional neural network. Our prognostic outcome was need for ICU admission. We compared the performance of three logistic regression models: using CVs known to be associated with prognosis (model I), using a dimension-reduced set of best predictor variables (model II), and using only age and AD (model III). Results: 60/131 patients required ICU admission, whereas 71/131 did not. Model I performed the poorest ( AUC = 0.67 [0.58 to 0.76]; accuracy = 77 % ). Model II performed the best ( AUC = 0.78 [0.71 to 0.86]; accuracy = 81 % ). Model III was equivalent ( AUC = 0.75 [0.67 to 0.84]; accuracy = 80 % ). Both models II and III outperformed model I ( AUC difference = 0.11 [0.02 to 0.19], p = 0.01 ; AUC difference = 0.08 [0.01 to 0.15], p = 0.04 , respectively). Model II and III results did not change significantly when POv was replaced by POa. Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 can be predicted using only age and quantitative AD imaging metrics at initial diagnosis, which outperform the set of CVs. Moreover, AI-read qCXR can replace qCT metrics without loss of prognostic performance, promising more resource-efficient prognostication.

The effect of overcrowding in emergency departments on the admission rate according to the emergency triage level.

Overcrowding in emergency departments is a serious public health issue. Recent studies have reported that overcrowding in emergency departments affects not only the quality of emergency care but also clinical decisions about admission. However, no studies have examined the characteristics of the patient groups whose admission rate is influenced by such overcrowding. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single emergency department between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Patients over 19 years old were enrolled and divided into three groups according to the degree of overcrowding-high, low, and non-based on the total number of patients in the emergency department. An emergency triage tool (the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale) was used, which categorizes patients into five different levels. We analyzed whether the degree of change in the admission rate according to the extent of overcrowding differed for each triage group. There were 73,776 patients in this study. In the analysis of all patient groups, the admission rate increased as the degree of overcrowding rose (the adjusted odds ratio for admission was 1.281 (1.225-1.339) in the high overcrowding group versus the non-overcrowding group). The analysis of the patients in each triage level showed an increase in the admission rate associated with the overcrowding, which was greater in the patient groups with a lower triage level (adjusted odds ratios for admission in the high overcrowding group versus non-overcrowding group: Korean Triage and Acuity Scale level 3 = 1.215 [1.120-1.317], level 4 = 1.294 [1.211-1.382], and level 5 = 1.954 [1.614-2.365]).

Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., isolated from kimchi with the ability to transform ginsenosides.

Biotransformation of ginsenosides was examined using lactic acid bacteria isolated from several kinds of kimchi. A Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped lactic acid bacterial strain, designated EMML 3041(T), was determined to have ginsenoside-converting activity and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain EMML 3041(T) displayed ß-glucosidase activity that was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside Rb1 (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to F2 via gypenoside XVII, ginsenoside Rb2 to compound Y via compound O, ginsenoside Rc to compound Mc via compound Mc1, and ginsenoside Rd to ginsenoside F2. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain EMML 3041(T) was shown to belong to the genus Lactobacillus and is closely related to Lactobacillus versmoldensis KU-3(T) (98.3 % sequence similarity). Polyphasic taxonomy study confirmed that the strain EMML 3041(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with EMML 3041(T) (=KACC 14527(T) = JCM 16719(T)) as the type strain.

Bioconversion of ginsenoside Rc into Rd by a novel α-L-arabinofuranosidase, Abf22-3 from Leuconostoc sp. 22-3: cloning, expression, and enzyme characterization.

A novel α-L-arabinofuranosidase (Abf22-3) that could biotransform ginsenoside Rc into Rd was obtained from the ginsenoside converting Leuconostoc sp. strain 22-3, isolated from the Korean fermented food kimchi. The gene, termed abf22-3, consisting of 1,527 bp and encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 58,486 Da was cloned into the pMAL-c2x (TEV) vector. A BLAST search using the Abf22-3's amino acid sequence revealed significant homology to that of family 51 glycoside hydrolases. The over-expressed recombinant Abf22-3 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) catalyzed the hydrolysis of the arabinofuranoside moiety attached to the C-20 position of ginsenoside Rc under optimal conditions of pH 6.0 and 30 °C. This result indicated that Abf22-3 selectively converts ginsenoside Rc into Rd, but did not catalyze the hydrolysis of glucopyranosyl groups from Rc or other ginsenosides such as Rb1 and Rb2. Over-expressed recombinant enzymes were purified by two steps with amylose-affinity and DEAE-cellulose chromatography and then characterized. The kinetic parameters for α-L-arabinofuranosidase showed apparent Km and Vmax values of 0.95 ± 0.02 µM and 1.2 ± 0.1 µmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1) against p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside, respectively. Using a purified MBP-Abf22-3 (10 µg/ml), 0.1 % of ginsenoside Rc was completely converted to ginsenoside Rd within 20 min.

Inquilinus ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

A Gram-reaction-negative, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (strain Gsoil 080(T)) was isolated from soil collected in a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea, and was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 080(T) was related most closely to Inquilinus limosus strains AU0476(T) and AU1979 (98.9 % similarity to both). Strain Gsoil 080(T) shared ≤91.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of other recognized species examined. The genus Inquilinus belongs to the family Rhodospirillaceae in the order Rhodospirillales, class Alphaproteobacteria. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (C(18 : 1)ω9c/ω12t/ω7c) and C(19 : 0) cyclo ω8c. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Gsoil 080(T) was 69.9 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Gsoil 080(T) and I. limosus LMG 20952(T) was 12 %. The results of genotypic analyses in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain Gsoil 080(T) represents a novel species of the genus Inquilinus, for which the name Inquilinus ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 080(T) (=KCTC 12574(T) =LMG 23638(T)).

Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from sewage.

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic bacterial strain, designated MJ03(T), was isolated from sewage and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MJ03(T) belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae, class Gammaproteobacteria, and was related most closely to Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila AMX 19(T) (97.9  % sequence similarity), Stenotrophomonas humi R-32729(T) (97.1  %), Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens L2(T) (96.9  %), Stenotrophomonas maltophila ATCC 13637(T) (96.8  %) and Stenotrophomonas terrae R-32768(T) (96.7  %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain MJ03(T) was 64.7 mol%. The detection of a quinone system with ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant component and a fatty acid profile with iso-C15:0, iso-C11:0, iso-C14:0, iso-C17:1ω9c, iso-C11:0 3-OH and iso-C13:0 3-OH as major components supported the affiliation of strain MJ03(T) to the genus Stenotrophomonas. However, levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain MJ03(T) and the type strains of five closely related species of the genus Stenotrophomonas ranged from 11 to 34  %, showing clearly that the isolate represents a novel genospecies. Strain MJ03(T) could be differentiated clearly from its phylogenetic neighbours on the basis of several phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain MJ03(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Stenotrophomonas, for which the name Stenotrophomonas daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ03(T) (=KCTC 22451(T) =JCM 16244(T)).

Castellaniella daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain MJ06(T), was isolated from oil-contaminated soil and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Strain MJ06(T) contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory lipoquinone, putrescine as the predominant polyamine and phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain MJ06(T) was 66.2 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (C(16 : 1)ω 7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH; 32.5 %), C(16 : 0) (22.8 %) and summed feature 7 (one or more of C(18 : 1)ω 7c, C(18 : 1)ω 9t and C(18 : 1)ω 12t; 14.9 %). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MJ06(T) belonged to the family Alcaligenaceae, class Betaproteobacteria, and joined the evolutionary radiation enclosed by the genus Castellaniella. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain MJ06(T) and its phylogenetically closest relatives, Castellaniella denitrificans NKNTAU(T), Castellaniella defragrans 54Pin(T), Castellaniella ginsengisoli DCY36(T) and Castellaniella caeni Ho-11(T), were 98.6, 98.3, 97.8 and 97.3 %, respectively. Levels of similarity between strain MJ06(T) and the type strains of all other recognized species in the family Alcaligenaceae were below 95.0 %. Strain MJ06(T) exhibited relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with respect to C. defragrans DSM 12141(T) (52 %), C. denitrificans DSM 11046(T) (31 %), C. ginsengisoli KCTC 22398(T) (18 %) and C. caeni KCTC 12197(T) (15 %). On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MJ06(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Castellaniella, for which the name Castellaniella daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ06(T) (=KCTC 22454(T) =JCM 16240(T)).

Dokdonella ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil from a ginseng field, and emended description of the genus Dokdonella.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 191T, was isolated from a soil sample from a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea, and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 191T belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae and is related to Dokdonella fugitiva LMG 23001T (97.8% sequence similarity) and Dokdonella koreensis KCTC 12396T (96.9%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major fatty acids were iso-C17:1omega9c (30.6%), iso-C17:0 (21.6%) and iso-C15:0 (13.0%), supporting the affiliation of strain Gsoil 191T to the genus Dokdonella. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain Gsoil 191T and its closest phylogenetic neighbours were below 40%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 191T from recognized species of the genus Dokdonella. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 191T represents a novel species of the genus Dokdonella, for which the name Dokdonella ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 191T (=KCTC 12564T=DSM 17954T=CCUG 52462T).

Lysobacter panaciterrae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 068(T), was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea), and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 068(T) belonged to the family Xanthomonadaceae, class Gammaproteobacteria, and was related most closely to Lysobacter brunescens ATCC 29482(T) and Lysobacter gummosus ATCC 29489(T) (96.1 % sequence similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Gsoil 068(T) was 67.0 mol%. The detection of a quinone system with ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant component and a fatty acid profile with iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(17 : 1)omega9c, iso-C(17 : 0) and iso-C(11 : 0) 3-OH as the major components supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 068(T) to the genus Lysobacter. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 068(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter panaciterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 068(T) (=KCTC 12601(T) =DSM 17927(T)).

Dyella ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Gsoil 3046(T), was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon Province, South Korea, and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Gsoil 3046(T) belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae in the Gammaproteobacteria. The greatest sequence similarity was found with respect to Dyella koreensis KCTC 12359(T) (97.7 %), Dyella japonica IAM 15069(T) (97.4 %), Frateuria aurantia DSM 6220(T) (96.7 %), Fulvimonas soli LMG 19981(T) (96.2 %) and Luteibacter rhizovicinus DSM 16549(T) (96.0 %). The phylogenetic distances from other recognized species within the family Xanthomonadaceae, including Dyella yeojuensis KACC 11405(T), were greater than 4.0 % (i.e. the sequence similarities were less than 96.0 %). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Gsoil 3046(T) and its phylogenetically closest neighbours were below 25 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.6 mol%. In addition, the presence of ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone, iso-C(17 : 1)omega9c, iso-C(16 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acids and iso-C(13 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(11 : 0) 3-OH as the major hydroxy fatty acids supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 3046(T) to the genus Dyella. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 3046(T) represents a novel species in the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyella ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 3046(T) (=KCTC 12599(T)=DSM 18387(T)).

Lysobacter daecheongensis sp. nov., isolated from sediment of stream near the Daechung dam in South Korea.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated Dae08(T), was isolated from sediment of the stream near Daechung dam in South Korea, and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position, using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Dae08(T) belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae of the Gammaproteobacteria, and is related to Lysobacter brunescens ATCC 29482(T) (97.3%). The phylogenetic distances from any other species with validly published names within the genus Lysobacter were greater than 3.7%. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strain Dae08(T) was 69.3 mol%. The detection of a quinone system with Q-8 as the predominant compound and a fatty acid profile with iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:1), omega9c, iso-C(17:0), iso-C(16:0), and iso-C(11:0) 3-OH as the major acids supported the affiliation of strain Dae08(T) to the genus Lysobacter. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Dae08(T) and its phylogenetically closest neighbour was 28%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Dae08(T) (= KCTC 12600(T)) should be classified in the genus Lysobacter as the novel species, for which the name Lysobacter daecheongensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Lysobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov., a novel species isolated from soil in Pocheon Province, South Korea.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 357T, was isolated from soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea). The isolate contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 9c, and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.3mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Gsoil 357T was most closely related to Lysobacter gummosus (97.6%) and Lysobacter antibioticus (97.6%). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Gsoil 357T and its phylogenetically closest neighbors was less than 17%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 357T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 357T (=KCTC 12602T=DSM 18420T).

Deinococcus aquaticus sp. nov., isolated from fresh water, and Deinococcus caeni sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge.

The taxonomic positions of two environmental isolates from South Korea were established using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic data. The organisms, designated PB314(T) and Ho-08(T), were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming and had chemotaxonomic properties consistent with their classification in the genus Deinococcus 16S rRNA gene tree, the highest sequence similarities being shown to the type strains of Deinococcus grandis (96.3-96.7 %) and Deinococcus indicus (96.3-96.4 %). The isolates shared relatively high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.1 %) but had a DNA-DNA relatedness value of only 22 %. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that both strains possess quinone system MK-8 as the predominant compound, C(16 : 1)omega7c and C(16 : 0) as major fatty acids and ornithine as a diamino acid in the peptidoglycan structure, corroborating our assignment of the strains to the genus Deinococcus. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA relatedness values and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that the two strains represent distinct species. On the basis of these data, two novel species, Deinococcus aquaticus sp. nov. (type strain PB314(T) =KCTC 12552(T) =NBRC 101311(T)) and Deinococcus caeni sp. nov. (type strain Ho-08(T) =KCTC 12553(T) =NBRC 101312(T)), are proposed.

Sphingopyxis panaciterrae sp. nov., isolated from soil from ginseng field.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 124T, was isolated from a soil sample taken from a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea). The isolate contained Q-10 as the predominant lipoquinone, plus C18:1 7c and summed feature 4 (C16:1 6c and/or iso- C15:0 2-OH) as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.1 mol%, and the major polar lipids consisted of sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. A comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gsoil 124T was most closely related to Sphingopyxis chilensis (98.7%), Sphingopyxis alaskensis (98.2%), Sphingopyxis witflariensis (98.2%), Sphingopyxis taejonensis (98.0%), and Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida (97.6%). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Gsoil 124T and its phylogenetically closest neighbors was less than 22%. Thus, on the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 124T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the name Sphingopyxis panaciterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 124T (=KCTC 12580T=LMG 24003T).

Kaistia granuli sp. nov., isolated from anaerobic granules in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor.

A Gram-negative, chemo-organotrophic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain Ko04(T)) was isolated from anaerobic granules in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ko04(T) belongs to the order Rhizobiales in the Alphaproteobacteria. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Ko04(T) was most closely related to Kaistia adipata (97.5 %) and that sequence similarities with other species of Rhizobiales with validly published names were less than 92.5 %. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C(18 : 1)omega7c/omega9t/omega12t, C(19 : 0 )cyclo omega8c and C(18 : 0). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Ko04(T) was 67.8 mol%. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness with K. adipata Chj404(T) was 15 %. The results of the genotypic analyses in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain Ko04(T) represents a novel species within the genus Kaistia, for which the name Kaistia granuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ko04(T) (=KCTC 12575(T)=LMG 23410(T)).

Cellulomonas composti sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium isolated from cattle farm compost.

A bacterial strain, TR7-06(T), which has cellulase and beta-glucosidase activities, was isolated from compost at a cattle farm near Daejeon, Republic of Korea. It was a Gram-positive, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain belongs to the genus Cellulomonas, with highest sequence similarity to Cellulomonas uda DSM 20107(T) (98.5 %). Cell wall analysis revealed the presence of type A4beta, L-orn-D-Glu peptidoglycan. The cell-wall sugars detected were mannose and glucose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)); MK-8(H(4)) was detected in smaller quantities. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(18 : 0). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that TR7-06(T) represents a novel species. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain TR7-06(T) (=KCTC 19030(T)=NBRC 100758(T)) merits description as the type strain of a novel Cellulomonas species, Cellulomonas composti sp. nov.