Primary Bilateral Tuberculous Otitis Media After Kidney Transplantation: A Case Report.

We report a case of primary bilateral tuberculous otitis media in a patient who underwent kidney transplantation. This case presents unusual clinical features and histopathology from those of classical tuberculous otitis media. A 75-year-old woman presented at the clinic with purulent ear discharge and hearing loss in both ears. She had undergone kidney transplantation 6 years prior and had been taking immunosuppressant medications. Otoscopic examination and imaging studies suggested acute otitis media, which was irresponsive to antibiotics. The patient underwent surgery to eradicate the disease, and histopathologic examination revealed multifocal granulomas with Langhans giant cells without caseous changes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous otitis media. While tuberculous otitis media is a very rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, this case is more noteworthy in that it occurred as a primary infection rather than as a reactivation of a prior infection. In addition, it did not show the classical triad of clinical manifestations, which occurred bilaterally, and its histopathology was different from those of classical tuberculous otitis media. This case presents a new clinical variation in tuberculous otitis media.

Sinonasal Manifestations of Severe Cherubism: A Case with 11-year Follow-up.

Cherubism, a type of fibroosteodysplasia, is a rare hereditary disease that causes variable degrees of facial deformity in children. Hypertrophy of the mandible is the most common symptom, but in severe cases, the disease affects the eyes, teeth, and sinonasal cavity. There have been few reports regarding sinonasal complications and no standard treatment has been established. This paper reports long-term treatment of severe cherubism that invaded the sinonasal cavity treated with consecutive endoscopic sinonasal surgeries.

Duration of Effect and Associated Factors of Injection Laryngoplasty.

OBJECTIVE: Injection laryngoplasty (IL) has become a mainstay in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis due to technical ease and avoidance of open surgery. The duration of IL effect depends on the injected material and has not been defined clearly. We aimed to define the effective duration of IL and to investigate the associated factors. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients who underwent IL for unilateral vocal fold paralysis were included. IL was performed using a cricothyroid membrane approach under local anesthesia. During follow-up, in cases that developed subjective hoarseness with objective glottic insufficiency, a second IL was performed, and loss of IL effect was recorded. The duration of IL was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the associations between duration of effect and various factors such as postinjection voice therapy, injected material, and cause of paralysis were investigated using log-rank test. RESULTS: Of 59 patients, 20 (33.9 %) received a second IL. The median time interval between the first and second IL was 3.3 months (95% CI, 0.4∼27.8 months). The mean duration of effect after IL was 42.5 months (95% CI, 32.1∼52.9 months), and the rate of persisting effect was 63.4% at 1-year after IL (1-year effect rate) and 59.4% at 2 years after IL. The 1-year effect rate was 80.8% in cases with postinjection voice therapy and 57.8% in those without postinjection voice therapy (P = 0.084). Injected material, DM, HTN, patient age and sex, and cause of paralysis had no effect on the 1-year effect rate. CONCLUSIONS: The mean duration of IL effect was 42.5 months, and the rate of persisting effect was 63.4% at 1-year after IL. There were no significant factors affecting the duration of effect, although the duration tended to be slightly longer in cases with postinjection voice therapy. Further study with a prospective, randomized design is needed.

Delayed Recovery in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Sudden hearing loss is an easily encountered disease in clinics, but its prognosis has not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the long-term prognosis of sudden hearing loss with 130 patients who were diagnosed based on strict criteria and provided uniform treatment. The patients with incomplete recovery were reevaluated after 2 months without receiving additional treatment. Hearing levels at different time points were compared. Moreover, the associated factors affecting the degree of hearing improvement over time were evaluated using stepwise multiple linear regression. After treatment, 73 out of the 130 (56.1%) patients attained incomplete recovery and were reevaluated after 2 months. Seventeen out of the seventy-three (23.3%) patients showed a grade promotion, fifty-four (74%) were constant, and two (2.7%) were aggravated. The mean interaural hearing differences (IHDs) showed significant improvement. Old age, poor initial IHD, and poor recovery grade were significantly associated with a profitable delayed hearing gain. Poorer hearing level at the time of onset might be a sign for slower recovery rather than a poorer prognostic factor. The treatment outcome of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) should be evaluated at least 2 months after treatment completion, and counseling is required due to the need for long-term follow-up in patients with ISSNHL.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Persistent Pulsatile Tinnitus After Sigmoid Sinus Resurfacing Surgery.

We report a case with rare complication of cerebral venous thrombosis, as well as an incomplete response, after sigmoid sinus resurfacing surgery for pulsatile tinnitus (PT). A 24-year-old female patient with PT originating from the sigmoid sinus underwent sigmoid sinus resurfacing surgery. The tinnitus was immediately resolved, but it recurred with headache 5 days after surgery. A cerebral venous thrombosis was identified and treated, but PT persisted, although its frequency and loudness decreased. Sigmoid sinus resurfacing surgery is a safe and effective method to treat PT, but in some patients, it can cause serious complications and/or persistent tinnitus. In our patient, factors such as changes in blood viscosity due to warfarin intake or increased blood flow due to weight loss may have influenced the persistence of the tinnitus. It is important to identify the various associated factors and the weight of each of these factors to provide more tailored treatment of PT for individual patients in the future and to reduce complications and increase the effectiveness of sigmoid sinus resurfacing surgery.

The diagnostic predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in thyroid cancer adjusted for tumor size.

The role of systemic inflammation has not been clearly defined in thyroid cancers. There have been conflicting reports on whether systemic inflammatory markers have predictive value for thyroid cancers. We aimed to evaluate the association between systemic inflammatory markers and clinicopathological factors in thyroid cancers and to assess their predictive value for thyroid cancers in detail. Five hundred thirty-one patients who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules were included. The patient population consisted of 99 individuals (18.6%) with benign thyroid nodules and 432 individuals (81.4%) with thyroid cancers. In 432 patients with thyroid cancers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in the cases with tumors greater than 2 cm than in those with tumors less than 2 cm. (p = 0.027). NLR and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly higher in cases with lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM) than in those without LNM (p = 0.007 and 0.090, respectively). The nodule size was significantly higher in benign thyroid nodules than in thyroid cancers (p < 0.001). When the cases were stratified by tumor size, NLR was a significant predictor of thyroid cancers in cases with nodules greater than 2 cm (Exp(B) = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.15-2.97, p = 0.011), but not in those with nodules less than 2 cm. In thyroid cancers, preoperative NLR was associated with pathological prognosticators such as tumor size and lateral lymph node metastasis. When the size difference between thyroid cancers and benign thyroid nodules was adjusted, NLR could be a significant predictor of thyroid cancers.