Alterations of lipid homeostasis in morbid obese patients are partly reversed by bariatric surgery.

Besides its beneficial effect on weight loss, gastric bypass surgery (GBS) may impact the circulating levels of phospho- and sphingolipids. However, long-term effects have not been explored. To investigate alterations in lipidomic signatures associated with massive weight loss following GBS, we conducted direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry on serum and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples collected in a longitudinal cohort of morbid obese patients prior to GBS and 1 year following the surgery. A tissue-specific rearrangement of 13% among over 400 phospholipid and sphingolipid species quantified in serum and SAT was observed 1 year following GBS, with a substantial reduction of ceramide levels and increased amount of hexosylceramides detected in both tissues. The comparison of these new lipidomic profiles with the serum and SAT lipidomes established from an independent cohort of lean and morbid obese subjects revealed that GBS partly restored the lipid alterations associated with morbid obesity.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, or one-anastomosis gastric bypass? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine which bariatric procedure allows patients to obtain the best weight-loss outcomes and a remission of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Databases were searched for randomized-controlled trials comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The mean difference (MD) or the relative risk was determined. RESULTS: Twenty-five randomized-controlled trials were analyzed. Excess weight loss (EWL, percentage) was greater for RYGB patients at 3 years (MD: 11.93, p < 0.00001) and 5 years (MD: 13.11, p = 0.0004). Higher excess BMI loss (percentage) was found in RYGB at 1 year (MD: 11.66, p = 0.01). Total weight loss (percentage) was greater for RYGB patients after 3 months (MD: 2.41, p = 0.02), 6 months (MD: 3.83, p < 0.00001), 1 year (MD: 6.35, p < 0.00001), and 5 years (MD: 3.90, p = 0.005). No difference in terms of remission of type 2 diabetes was seen between RYGB and SG. EWL was significantly more important after OAGB than after RYGB after 1 year (MD: -10.82, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: RYGB is more efficient than SG in the midterm. OAGB offers greater EWL than RYGB after 1 year, but further evidence is needed to confirm this result.

Impact of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis on the Outcome of Patients Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

PURPOSE: It is currently unknown whether NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), as compared to simple steatosis, is associated with impaired postoperative weight loss and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery. To compare the effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on patients with NASH versus those with simple nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively retrieved data from 515 patients undergoing RYGB surgery with concomitant liver biopsy. Clinical follow-up and metabolic assessment were performed prior to surgery and 12 months after surgery. We used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and propensity score matching and we assessed for changes in markers of hepatocellular injury and metabolic outcomes. RESULTS: There were 421 patients with simple NAFL, and 94 with NASH. Baseline alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were significantly higher in patients with NASH (p < 0.01). Twelve months after the RYGB surgery, as determined by both MANOVA and propensity score matching, patients with NASH exhibited a significantly greater reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ß-coefficient - 12 iU/l [- 22 to - 1.83], 95% CI, adjusted p = 0.021) compared to their NAFL counterparts (31 matched patients in each group with no loss to follow-up at 12 months). Excess weight loss was similar in both groups (ß-coefficient 4.54% [- 3.12 to 12.21], 95% CI, adjusted p = 0.244). Change in BMI was comparable in both groups (- 14 (- 16.6 to - 12.5) versus - 14.3 (- 17.3 to - 11.9), p = 0.784). CONCLUSION: After RYGB surgery, patients with NASH experience a greater reduction in markers for hepatocellular injury and similar weight loss compared to patients with simple steatosis.

Teaching and learning robotic surgery at the dual console: a video-based qualitative analysis.

Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) involves training processes and challenges that differ from open or laparoscopic surgery, particularly regarding the possibilities of observation and embodied guidance. The video recording and the dual-console system creates a potential opportunity for participation. Our research, conducted within the department of visceral surgery of a big Swiss, public, academic hospital, uses a methodology based on the co-analysis of video recordings with surgeons in self-confrontation interviews, to investigate the teaching activity of the lead surgeon supervising a surgeon in training at the dual console. Three short sequences have been selected for the paper. Our analysis highlights the skills-in-construction of the surgeon in training regarding communication with the operating team, fluency of working with three hands, and awareness of the whole operating site. It also shows the divergent necessities of enabling verbalization for professional training, while ensuring a quiet and efficient environment for medical performance. To balance these requirements, we argue that dedicated briefing and debriefing sessions may be particularly effective; we also suggest that the self-confrontation video technique may be valuable to support the verbalization on both the mentor's and the trainee's side during such debriefing, and to enhance the mentor's reflexivity regarding didactic choices.

[Treatment options for oligometastatic gastric cancer]. / Therapieoptionen beim oligometastasierten Magenkarzinom.

BACKGROUND: At the time of diagnosis of gastric cancer approximately one third of patients already have metastases. It is important to differentiate between oligometastasis and the diffuse metastatic situation. For the first time the definition of oligometastasis has been integrated into the German S3 guidelines. OBJECTIVE: Can multimodal treatment with tumor resection and metastasectomy combined with perioperative chemotherapy, increase the chances of survival in oligometastatic patients? MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this review article the data situation of the current literature is discussed. RESULTS: The Dutch D1/D2 trial reported an increased median survival for a subgroup of patients with single metastasis who underwent resection. Multimodal treatment with resection doubled the median survival of oligometastatic patients in the German AIO-FLOT 3 study and as a consequence, the AIO-FLOT 5 (RENAISSANCE) trial was designed. Patients with oligometastatic gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer are randomized after chemotherapy to either undergo resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or to undergo definitive chemotherapy. Further randomized trials investigate the benefit of antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in locoregional and advanced metastatic gastric cancer with promising results. CONCLUSION: The results of the ongoing randomized trials will show if oligometastatic patients benefit from a multimodal treatment with resection. The clear definition of the oligometastatic state, assessment of the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and realistic estimation of the R0 resectability will be useful for patient selection.

[Esophageal and esophago-gastric junction cancer†: management and multimodal treatment]. / Cancer de l'œsophage et de la jonction œsogastrique†: prise en charge et traitement multidisciplinaire.

Esophageal cancer remains an oncological burden with a low survival rate. Multidisciplinary management is essential to offer an adjusted treatment to the patient general condition and the tumor stage. New minimally invasive surgical treatments help to reduce the surgical trauma and improve post-operative patient recovery. Oncological treatments have also evolved and definitive treatment by radio-chemotherapy can be proposed in specific cases.

Le cancer de l'œsophage reste un fardeau oncologique avec un taux de survie bas. Une prise en charge multidisciplinaire est primordiale afin d'offrir un traitement adapté à l'état général du patient et au stade de la tumeur. De nouvelles prises en charge minimalement invasives chirurgicales permettent de diminuer le traumatisme d'une chirurgie majeure et améliorent la récupération des patients en postopératoire. Les traitements oncologiques ont également évolué et un traitement définitif par radiochimiothérapie peut être proposé dans des cas précis.

Preoperative staging of nodal status in gastric cancer.

An accurate preoperative staging of nodal status is crucial in gastric cancer, because it has a great impact on prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. Different staging methods have been evaluated for gastric cancer in order to predict nodal involvement. So far, no technique could meet the necessary requirements, which include a high detection rate of infiltrated lymph nodes and a low frequency of false-positive results. This article summarizes different staging methods used to assess lymph node status in patients with gastric cancer, evaluates the evidence, and proposes to establish new methods.