Metabolomic changes in culture media with varying passage numbers of pig muscle stem cell culture for cultured meat production.

Selecting the primary cells in an optimal state for cultured meat production is a crucial challenge in commercializing cultured meat. We investigated the metabolomic changes in culture media according to passage numbers for indirectly assessing the state of primary cells. Pig skeletal muscle stem cells (PSCs) harvested from the biceps femoris muscles of 7-d-old crossbred pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc, LYD) were used for cell characterization. Fresh media (FM) and spent media (SM) of PSCs during passages 1 to 3 in vitro culture were prepared for metabolomics analysis. SM was collected on the third day of proliferation for each passage of PSCs. Cell characterization analysis revealed that the proliferation rate was highest at passage 2; however, a significant loss of expression of myogenic marker genes was observed at passage 3. Based on metabolomic profiles of culture media, FM and SM groups (SM1, SM2, and SM3) were clearly separated by partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A total of seven differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) were identified from FM and SM for each passage, based on the following criteria: P < 0.05, fold change > 1.5 or < 0.66, and a variable importance in projection score > 1.5. All seven DAMs and their interconnected metabolites might be primarily used as substrates for energy production and most of them were relatively abundant in SM3. Among the seven DAMs, the three potential biomarkers (γ-glutamyl-L-leucine, cytosine, and ketoleucine), which showed significant changes exclusively in SM3, each had an area under the curve value of 1. Therefore, monitoring the levels of these key metabolites in culture media could serve as a quality control measure for cultured meat production by enabling the indirect detection of suboptimal PSCs based on their proliferation ability.

The effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation on arterial stiffness and peak oxygen consumption in patients with myocardial infarction.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on arterial stiffness in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients and methods: Between January 2015 and December 2017, a total of 135 patients (120 males, 15 females; mean age: 58.8±11.1 years) with AMI who were referred for CR were included. Home-based CR was prescribed based on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) for at least six months. All patients completed three consecutive CPETs and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements at one, four, and seven months after onset. Results: After six months of CR, there was an improvement in peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) (Month 1, 28.7±6.4 mL/kg/min; Month 4, 31.6±6.3 mL/kg/min; Month 7, 31.2±7.1 mL/kg/min, p<0.001) and a reduction in baPWV (Month 1, left, 1546.0±311.2 cm/sec, right 1545.5±301.5 cm/sec; Month 4, left, 1374.9±282.5 cm/sec, right 1371.6±287.5 cm/sec; Month 7, left, 1362.9±287.0 cm/sec, right 1365.5±281.1 cm/sec, p<0.001). Conclusion: In patients with AMI, arterial stiffness and aerobic capacity improved after six months of home-based CR, particularly in the early stages of rehabilitation. These results suggest that changes in baPWV are useful in determining the effectiveness of CR and pVO2 in the initial stages of CR.