Diet composition affects the rearing of Mansonia humeralis (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures under laboratory conditions

ABSTRACT Mansonia Blanchard mosquitoes are aggressive and opportunistic, making it difficult for habitation in certain areas. However, there is no data regarding their rearing in laboratory in Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different diet composition on the development of Mansonia humeralis immatures. The plant Pistia stratiotes was used as a substrate for larval attachment, and fish food (Tetra Marine® Flakes) and baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in various combinations were used as feed. Eggs and larvae were obtained from mosquitoes collected in the field using protected human catches, and the experiments were conducted in the laboratory (25-27°C and 70-80% relative humidity) with 200 larvae per container (n=15). Mortality rate, larval development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, and the number of eggs and larvae were recorded. Overall, a high mortality rate (0.5 - 0.7) was observed in the first 12 days of the experiment in all diets, up to 50% of adults emerged from the remaining larvae with a male to female ratio of 1.1 to 1.3. The use of yeast in combination with fish food resulted in lower mortality rate (0.52), a shorter larval development time (34 days), a higher pupation rate (0.21) and number of eggs (21 eggs) compared to the other diets. However, fertility was very low (1%) regardless of the diet used. The use of yeast is recommended as part of the diet offered to this mosquito species under the laboratory conditions used in our study.

Effects of Incorporating Dry Matter Intake and Residual Feed Intake into a Selection Index for Dairy Cattle Using Deterministic Modeling.

The inclusion of feed efficiency in the breeding goal for dairy cattle has been discussed for many years. The effects of incorporating feed efficiency into a selection index were assessed by indirect selection (dry matter intake) and direct selection (residual feed intake) using deterministic modeling. Both traits were investigated in three ways: (1) restricting the trait genetic gain to zero, (2) applying negative selection pressure, and (3) applying positive selection pressure. Changes in response to selection from economic and genetic gain perspectives were used to evaluate the impact of including feed efficiency with direct or indirect selection in an index. Improving feed efficiency through direct selection on residual feed intake was the best scenario analyzed, with the highest overall economic response including favorable responses to selection for production and feed efficiency. Over time, the response to selection is cumulative, with the potential for animals to reduce consumption by 0.16 kg to 2.7 kg of dry matter per day while maintaining production. As the selection pressure increased on residual feed intake, the response to selection for production, health, and fertility traits and body condition score became increasingly less favorable. This work provides insight into the potential long-term effects of selecting for feed efficiency as residual feed intake.

Onde atuam, por que não atuam e o quão satisfeitos com o trabalho estão os licenciados em educação física? / ¿Dónde actuan, por que no actuan y cuán satisfechos con el trabajo están los licenciados en educación física? / Where do they work, why do not work and how much satisfact about work are licensed in physical education?

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar locais de atuação, motivos de não atuação e satisfação profissional de licenciados em EDF egressos da Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva quantitativa que empregou questionário próprio e a Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho. Participaram 58 egressos. Os resultados eviden - ciaram que os locais de atuação mais citados foram escolas, academias e clubes. Os principais motivos para não atuação foram desvalorização profissional/salarial, falta de oportunidade e ter concurso público em ou - tra área. Não foram encontradas diferenças quanto à satisfação no tra - balho dos atuantes e não atuantes na EDF e tampouco entre os atuantes no ambiente escolar e não escolar. Conclui-se que a maioria dos sujeitos atuavam na EDF e estavam moderadamente satisfeitos no trabalho.

Objetivo: identificar lugares de actuación, motivos de no actuación y satisfacción profesional de licenciados en EDF egresados de la Universidad Federal de Rondônia. Método: investigación descriptiva cuantitativa que empleó cuestionario propio y la Escala de Satisfacción en el Trabajo. Participaron 58 graduados. Resultados: los lugares de actuación más citados fueron escuelas, academias y clubes. Los principales motivos para no actuación fueron devaluación profesional / salarial, falta de oportunidad y tener concurso público en otra área. No se encontraron diferencias cuanto la satisfacción en el trabajo de los actuantes y no actuantes en la EDF y tampoco entre los actuantes en el ambiente escolar y no escolar. Conclusión: la mayoría de los sujetos actuaban en EDF y estaban moderadamente satisfechos en el trabajo.

Objective: to identify places of acting, reasons for not acting and professional satisfaction of graduates in physical education (EDF) of the Federal University of Rondonia. Methods: Descriptive quantitative research, obtained through self-structured questionnaire and Work Satisfaction Scale (Siqueira, 1995), whit sample of 58 graduates. Results: the most cited places of action were schools, gyms and clubs. The main reasons for not acting were professional/salary devaluation, lack of opportunity and public insolvency. No statistical differences were found between actuators and non-actuators in EDF or between professionals working in the school and non-school. Conclusion: the majority of subjects were working in their area of graduation and were moderately satisfied at work.

Os impactos na capacidade atencional em trabalhadores usuários de drogas / The impacts of drug use on worker's attention capacity

Contexto: O uso de drogas tem tomado grandes dimensões e repercute na saúde pública e ambiente de trabalho, expondo o indivíduo a um maior risco de acidentes de trabalho e ao comprometimento de sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho da atenção de empregados usuários de drogas e não usuários, em exame computadorizado de atenção (EAC). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou o desempenho dos indivíduos no EAC em cada um dos seus parâmetros ("omissão", " erros", "média do tempo de reação" e "variabilidade do tempo de reação"). Nas análises, foram utilizadas a descritiva, o Teste t, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e as correlações múltiplas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 controles (PC) e 23 dependentes químicos (DQ), dos quais 9 faziam uso de 3 tipos de drogas ou mais, sendo que a substância prevalente foi o álcool (100,00%) e a associação mais frequente foi deste com a cocaína (69,56%). No que tange ao EAC, os valores obtidos de média±desvio padrão para os parâmetros avaliados foram 502,39±57,16 no grupo DQ e 445,52±37,95 no grupo PC, para "média do tempo de reação"; e 92,96±26,48 no grupo DQ e 66,26±11,86 no grupo PC, para "variabilidade no tempo de reação". Os valores de mediana e erro padrão obtidos foram 1,19±4,46 no grupo DQ e 0,00±0,00 no grupo PC, para "omissão"; 3,57±1,98 no grupo DQ e 1,19±0,30 no grupo PC, para "erros". Conclusão: Observou-se a prevalência do uso de álcool, principalmente em associação com cocaína. Sobre a atenção, os resultados demonstraram que, independente do parâmetro, todos os valores são inferiores aos encontrados em controles normais (p<0,05), demonstrando que o uso de qualquer tipo de droga compromete o desempenho atencional, podendo limitar atividades laborais e gerar impacto nas atividades de vida diária, colocando em risco a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Palavras-chave | atenção; testes neuropsicológicos; saúde do trabalhador; transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias.(AU)

Context: The use of drugs has large effects in public health and the working environment, potentially exposing workers to the risk of accidents and compromising their quality of life. Objectives: To compare the attention span between drug users and normal employees (controls), using a computerized test of their attention. Methods: The design of this study was retrospective, evaluating the performance of individuals with a test in each of its parameters ("omission", "errors", "average reaction time" and "variability of reaction time").Thus, the descriptive analysis included t and Mann-Whitney tests and multiple correlations. Results: The current study selected a total of 23 controls (PC) and 23 drug users (DQ), of which 9 were using 3 or more different types of drugs; the most prevalent substance was alcohol (100.00%) and the most frequent association was alcohol and cocaine (69.56%). Based on the computerized attention test, the values of mean±standard deviation were 502.39±57.16 for the chemically dependent group and 445.52±37.95 for the control group to "average reaction time"; 92.96±26.48 for the chemically dependent group and 66.26±11.86 for the control group to "variability in reaction time". The median and standard error values were 1.19±4.46 for the chemically dependent group and 0.00±0.00 for the control group to "omissions"; 3.57±1.98 for the chemically dependent group and 1.19±0.30 for the control group to "errors". Conclusion: It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse especially in combination with cocaine. The results showed that regardless of the parameters all the result scores are lower than those found in normal controls (p<0.05), showing that the use of any type of drug may influence attentional performance, restrict labor activities and impact other daily activities resulting in damage to the health and safety of employees.(AU)

Prediction of Affective Responses in Aerobic Exercise Sessions.

The objective of the present study was to verify which physiological (percentage of maximum oxygen consumption--%VO2 or percentage of maximum heart rate--%HR) or psychological (ratings of perceived exertion--RPE) variable is the best predictor of affective responses during continuous (CT) and interval (HIT) exercise sessions. Fourteen men underwent 3 exercise sessions on the treadmill. In the first session, a graded exercise test was performed to determine the maximum HR, peak VO2, and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Then, participants performed the CT and HIT exercise in a counterbalanced order. The HIT session consisted of 2 min stimuli with an intensity of 100% of peak VO2 interspersed with periods of passive recovery. The average intensities of both exercise sessions were equalized at 85% of RCP. Linear regression analyses of both exercise sessions showed higher prediction values of RPE (CT--R2=.54, p <.01; HIT--R2=.68, p<.01) compared to %VO2 (CT--R2=.04, p=.08; HIT--R2=0.3, p=.12) and %HR (CT--R2=.07, p=.02; HIT--R2=.05, p=.05). Additionally, the results of the linear regression analysis between the Feeling Scale and physiological variables were not significant, indicating that the slope of the regression analysis was not different from zero. These results may be explained by the conscious mental processing required for the manifestation of both the RPE and the affective responses. In conclusion, the affective responses seem to be modulated not only by the intensity of exercise but also mostly by how the individual perceives this intensity.

Laparoscopic reconstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct using a jejunal tube: an innovative, more physiological and anatomical technique for biliodigestive derivation†.

The incidence of bile duct injuries has increased as a consequence of the increasing number of cholecystectomies. However, the results of biliodigestive derivation currently used for bile duct reconstruction are unsatisfactory. We report here the case of a patient with iatrogenic Bismuth II bile duct injury and propose a new technique that permits more anatomical and physiological reconstruction of extensive bile duct injuries using transverse retubularization of a pedicled jejunal segment interposed between the bile duct and duodenum.

Intraoperative cholangiography during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy: selective or routine use?

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic parameters in patients with and without preoperative criteria for intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in order to define predictive factors of choledocolithiasis. METHODS: As a criterion for inclusion in the study the patients should present chronic calculous cholecystitis in the presence or absence of any recent clinical, laboratory of ultrasonographic finding suggesting choledocolithiasis, who were therefore submitted to cholangiography during surgery. RESULTS: A total of 243 laparoscopic cholecystectomies with IOC were performed on patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis with or without a preoperative formal indication for contrast examination. Choledocolithiasis was detected in 33 (13.58%) of the 243 patients studied. The incidence of previously unsuspected choledocolithiasis was only one case (1.0%) among 100 patients without an indication for this exam. However, 32 (22.37%) cases of choledocolithiasis were observed among the 143 patients with a preoperative indication for IOC. CONCLUSION: The use of selective cholangiography is safe for the diagnosis of choledocolithiasis. Only 22.37% of the cholangiography results were positive in cases of suspected choledocolithiasis.

Intraoperative cholangiography during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy: selective or routine use?

PURPOSE: To investigate clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic parameters in patients with and without preoperative criteria for intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in order to define predictive factors of choledocolithiasis. METHODS: As a criterion for inclusion in the study the patients should present chronic calculous cholecystitis in the presence or absence of any recent clinical, laboratory of ultrasonographic finding suggesting choledocolithiasis, who were therefore submitted to cholangiography during surgery. RESULTS: A total of 243 laparoscopic cholecystectomies with IOC were performed on patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis with or without a preoperative formal indication for contrast examination. Choledocolithiasis was detected in 33 (13.58%) of the 243 patients studied. The incidence of previously unsuspected choledocolithiasis was only one case (1.0%) among 100 patients without an indication for this exam. However, 32 (22.37%) cases of choledocolithiasis were observed among the 143 patients with a preoperative indication for IOC. CONCLUSION: The use of selective cholangiography is safe for the diagnosis of choledocolithiasis. Only 22.37% of the cholangiography results were positive in cases of suspected choledocolithiasis.

Prevalence of cholelithiasis in patients with chagasic megaesophagus.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cholelithiasis in the general population ranges from 9 to 18%. This prevalence is known to be higher in the presence of parasympathetic nerve damage of the biliary tract either due to surgery (vagotomy) or neuronal destruction (Chagas disease). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of cholelithiasis and chagasic or idiopathic megaesophagus. METHODS: The ultrasound scans of 152 patients with megaesophagus submitted to cardiomyotomy and subtotal esophagectomy surgery were evaluated. The presence of cholelithiasis was compared between chagasic and idiopathic esophagopathy and ultrasound and clinical findings were correlated with age, sex and race. RESULTS: A total of 152 cases of megaesophagus, including 137 with chagasic megaesophagus and 15 with idiopathic megaesophagus, were analyzed. The mean age was 56.7 years (45-67) in the 137 patients with chagasic megaesophagus and 35.6 years (27-44) in the 15 cases of idiopathic megaesophagus, with a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001). The group with chagasic megaesophagus consisted of 59 (43%) women and 78 (56.9%) men, while the group with idiopathic megaesophagus consisted of 8 (53.3%) women and 7 (46.6%) men, showing no significant difference between the groups. Of the 137 patients with confirmed chagasic megaesophagus, 39 (28.4%) presented cholelithiasis versus one case (6.6%) in the 15 patients with idiopathic megaesophagus. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cholelithiasis is high in patients with chagasic megaesophagus and preoperative ultrasound should be performed routinely in these patients in order to treat both conditions during the same surgical procedure.

Prevalence of cholelithiasis in patients with chagasic megaesophagus / Prevalência de colelitíase em pacientes com megaesôfago chagásico

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cholelithiasis in the general population ranges from 9 to 18 percent. This prevalence is known to be higher in the presence of parasympathetic nerve damage of the biliary tract either due to surgery (vagotomy) or neuronal destruction (Chagas disease). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of cholelithiasis and chagasic or idiopathic megaesophagus. METHODS: The ultrasound scans of 152 patients with megaesophagus submitted to cardiomyotomy and subtotal esophagectomy surgery were evaluated. The presence of cholelithiasis was compared between chagasic and idiopathic esophagopathy and ultrasound and clinical findings were correlated with age, sex and race. RESULTS: A total of 152 cases of megaesophagus, including 137 with chagasic megaesophagus and 15 with idiopathic megaesophagus, were analyzed. The mean age was 56.7 years (45-67) in the 137 patients with chagasic megaesophagus and 35.6 years (27-44) in the 15 cases of idiopathic megaesophagus, with a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001). The group with chagasic megaesophagus consisted of 59 (43 percent) women and 78 (56.9 percent) men, while the group with idiopathic megaesophagus consisted of 8 (53.3 percent) women and 7 (46.6 percent) men, showing no significant difference between the groups. Of the 137 patients with confirmed chagasic megaesophagus, 39 (28.4 percent) presented cholelithiasis versus one case (6.6 percent) in the 15 patients with idiopathic megaesophagus. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cholelithiasis is high in patients with chagasic megaesophagus and preoperative ultrasound should be performed routinely in these patients in order to treat both conditions during the same surgical procedure.

INTRODUÇÃO: A prevalência de colelitíase observada na população em geral varia de 9 a 18 por cento. Sabe-se que a prevalência de colelitíase é elevada quando existe lesão nervosa parassimpática das vias biliares, causada tanto por procedimentos cirúrgicos (vagotomias),quanto por destruição neuronal, como observado na forma digestiva da doença de Chagas. Propusemo-nos verificar a associação entre megaesôfago de etiologia chagásica e a presença de colelitíase. MÉTODOS: Avaliou-se prospectivamente o exame ultrassonográfico de 152 pacientes portadores de megaesôfago submetidos à cirurgia de cardiomiotomia e esofagectomia subtotal. Analisou-se comparativamente a esofagopatia chagásica e a idiopática com a presença de colelitíase, correlacionando os dados ultrassonográficos com os achados clínicos, idade, sexo e raça. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 152 casos de megaesôfago, sendo 137 de etiologia chagásica e 15 idiopáticos. Entre os chagásicos, a idade média foi de 56,7 anos (45-67); e nos idiopáticos, a média de idade foi de 35,6 anos (27-44), verificando-se diferença significativa (p < 0,0001) em relação à média de idade. Dos 137 chagásicos, 78 (56,9 por cento) eram do sexo masculino; entre os 15 idiopáticos, 7 (46,6 por cento) eram do sexo masculino. A comparação entre os grupos em relação ao gênero não mostrou diferença significativa. Dentre os 137 chagásicos detectou-se 39 (28,4 por cento) casos de colelitíase e, dentre os 15 casos de megaesôfago idiopático, constatou-se colelitíase em apenas um (6,6 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que portadores de megaesôfago chagásico possuem alta prevalência de colelitíase, e que a ultrassonografia deve ser realizada rotineiramente no pré-operatório, a fim de tratar ambas as afecções no mesmo ato cirúrgico.

Avaliação da positividade da colangiografia peroperatória em pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia laparoscópica eletiva / Assessment of positive perioperative cholangiography in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

OBJETIVO: A colecistectomia laparoscópica é o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com colecistopatia calculosa, embora o manejo da coledocolitíase associada ainda permaneça assunto controverso. O presente estudo baseou-se na análise prospectiva de pacientes submetidos à colecistectomia eletiva com colangiografia peroperatória, pretendendo assim avaliar a positividade do exame contrastado das vias biliares em pacientes com colelitíase sem indicação para colangiografia. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos, no estudo, 100 pacientes cujos parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais e de imagem feitos até no máximo 10 dias antes da colecistectomia não apresentaram qualquer alteração no pré-operatório e, portanto, considerados pacientes insuspeitáveis para coledocolitíase. As colangiografias foram analisadas e examinadas pela equipe cirúrgica, pelo radiologista e pelos autores deste estudo. Os laudos foram comparados e correlacionados com achados clínicos e laboratoriais prévios dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: A incidência de coledocolitíase insuspeitável no pré-operatório foi de apenas um único caso entre 100 pacientes sem indicação para o exame (1% de positividade). CONCLUSÃO: Com base neste material, pode-se concluir que o emprego da colangiografia seletiva é segura e deve ser empregada no tratamento da colecistite calculosa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positivity of cholangiography in patients without formal indication of this exam undergoing elective cholecystectomy. METHODS: We included, in the study, 100 patients whose clinical, laboratory and imaging not older than 10 days before the operation showed no change and therefore kept us unsuspicious of choledocholithiasis. The cholangiographies were analyzed and examined by the surgical team, the radiologist and the authors. The reports were compared and correlated with patients' previous clinical and laboratory findings. RESULTS: The incidence of preoperatively unsuspected choledocholithiasis was only one case (1%). CONCLUSION: The use of selective cholangiography is safe and should be used in the treatment of calculous cholecystitis.

Assessment of positive perioperative cholangiography in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positivity of cholangiography in patients without formal indication of this exam undergoing elective cholecystectomy. METHODS: We included, in the study, 100 patients whose clinical, laboratory and imaging not older than 10 days before the operation showed no change and therefore kept us unsuspicious of choledocholithiasis. The cholangiographies were analyzed and examined by the surgical team, the radiologist and the authors. The reports were compared and correlated with patients' previous clinical and laboratory findings. RESULTS: The incidence of preoperatively unsuspected choledocholithiasis was only one case (1%). CONCLUSION: The use of selective cholangiography is safe and should be used in the treatment of calculous cholecystitis.

Correção da estética gengival e dentária: interação entre Periodontia e Prótese / Correction of the dental and gingival aesthetic: Periodontology and Prosthodontics interaction

A estética do sorriso representa motivo de grande interesse durante o planejamento reabilitador. Nas situações clínicas de sorriso gengival, onde as coroas clínicas dos dentes anteriores apresentam-se encurtadas, torna-se imprescindível a correção do contorno gengival previamente à reabilitação. Portanto, um tratamento integrado, onde uma cirurgia plástica periodontal seja realizada em uma primeira etapa clínica, pode ser indicado quando da abordagem reabilitadora do paciente com sorriso gengival. Este artigo descreve a transformação estética de um sorriso gengival, com presença de diastemas e alterações de coloração dentária, por meio da associação interdisciplinar entre as especialidades de Periodontia e Prótese Dental.

Schistosoma mansoni: the effect of dexamethasone on the cercaria schistosomullum transformation, in vivo

O tratamento com dexametasona (DMS) nas fases iniciais da infeccao experimental com S. mansoni leva a um efeito indireto sobre o processo de transformacao da cercaria em esquistossomulo, quando camundongos isentos de infeccao sao tratados com esta droga (50 mg/kg, subcutaneamente) e, 01 hora depois, sao infectados intraperitonealmente com cerca de 500 cercarias de S. mansoni (cepa LE). Foi observada uma significativa reducao na adesao de celulas do hospedeiro as larvas, com um atraso simultaneo no processo de transformacao das cercarias em esquistossomulos...