The expression of calcitonin gene-related Peptide and acetylcholine in the vestibular-related nucleus population of wild-type mice and retinal degeneration fast mice after rotary stimulation.

Due to the lack of an appropriate animal model, few studies have addressed the integration of visual and vestibular information in the visual system. Using a mouse model with a visual defect (retinal degeneration fast, rdf), we have verified that the prepositus hypoglossal nucleus (PrH) and the Kooy cap of the inferior olive medial nucleus (IOK) are key regions in which visual and vestibular information integrate. Although the integration regions were identified, the precise mechanisms of integration require further investigation. The rdf mice and wild-type Kunming mice were randomly assigned to experimental and control subgroups, respectively. Mice in the experimental groups were exposed to rotary motion for 30 min three times at 24-h intervals, whereas mice in the control groups were not exposed to rotary motion. Differences in the number of calcitonin gene-related peptide positive (CGRP-positive) and choline acetyltransferase positive (ChAT-positive) neurons in the vestibular-related nucleus populations of two types of mice were determined. After rotatory stimulus, the number of CGRP-positive and ChAT-positive neurons in the PrH and the IOK was significantly less in rdf mice compared with that in wild-type mice. There were differences in the number of CGRP-positive and ChAT-positive neurons in the other vestibular-related regions, but the differences were not significant, except the difference in the number of ChAT-positive neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus. The expression patterns of CGRP and ChAT were similar to that of Fos in the vestibular-related regions in the two types of mice after rotatory stimulus. The number of CGRP-positive and ChAT-positive neurons and the number of active nerve cells were consistent in those regions in the two types of mice after rotary stimulus. Therefore, we speculated that CGRP and Ach generated and released by neurons in the PrH and the IOK may play roles in the sensory integration of visual and vestibular information in mice.

Nitric oxide accelerates the recovery from burn wounds.

A full-thickness burn wound model was used to evaluate the effects of a topically applied gel-based nitric oxide donor on wound healing in rats. The histological study demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO) application significantly promoted re-epithelization that resulted in a fast recovery of burn wound. The histological sections further revealed that inflammatory cell infiltration in the NO-treated group was significantly increased in comparison to the control group. The enhanced accumulation of inflammatory cells resulted in a higher expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) that was detected with imunoblotting. An immunohistochemistry study with CD31, a specific marker for endothelial cells, indicated that NO treatment markedly stimulated angiogenesis. Evaluation of collagen synthesis by immunohistochemistry with procollagen antibody demonstrated a significantly increased collagen synthesis in NO-treated wound bed. We concluded that NO treatment promoted re-epithelialization and wound closure by means of enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration, and that it promoted angiogenesis and facilitated collagen synthesis in the wound bed.