Is phenytoin a safe agent for staple line recovery after gastric sleeve surgery in rats?

BACKGROUND: The most challenging and mortal complication of gastric sleeve surgery (SG) is staple line leakage. Although many agents have been used for increasing tissue healing on the stapler line, there is still no consensus on its effectiveness and efficacy. The aim of study is to determine the effect of phenytoin on the healing process of gastric sleeve surgery in rats. METHODS: On the 10th post-operative day, the effects of phenytoin on bursting pressure in the stapler line were evaluated along-side pathohistological examinations. To investigate the molecular impact of phenytoin on the expression of TGF-ß, VEGF, FGF2, and p53 genes, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized. In addition, gene expressions at the protein level were deter-mined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: No signs of intra-abdominal leakage were observed in the resected samples. A statistically essential extend in stable line bursting pressure measure was observed between the control group and the group treated with phenytoin application. Pathohisto-logical results indicate that the mean score of collagens of the study group (3.2±0.42) was significantly higher than the control group (2.3±0.48) (P=0.003). In addition, the mean epithelization score of the study group (3.4±0.52) was significantly higher than the control group (2.1±0.57) (P=0.001). mRNA of TGFß, FGF2, VEGF, and p53 genes drastically increased phenytoin treated group. High FGF2 protein expression levels were determined from phenytoin use compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Molecular studies suggest that phenytoin may increase the healing process of Gastric sleeve following SG in rats and may become a new agent for the prevention of human gastric leaks.

Does apocynin increase liver regeneration in the partial hepatectomy model?

BACKGROUND: Hepayocyte loss may develop secondary to liver surgery and at this point liver regeneration plays a significant act in terms of liver reserve. The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of apocynin on liver regeneration and preservation after partial hepatectomy in rats. METHODS: A total of 32 rats, have been divided into 4 groups (n: 8) for hepatectomy model. Inflammatory and antiinflammatory parameters were measured from blood and liver tissue samples. In addition, the effects of apocynin were examined immunohistochemically and histopathologically from liver tissue. RESULTS: In liver tissue samples, a significant difference has been found in glutathione peroxidase, total nitrite, catalase, oxidative stress index, total antioxidant and total oxidant status between sham and hepatectomy groups. A significant difference has been achieved between hepatectomy and posthepatectomy-Apocynin in terms of glutathione peroxidase and oxidative stress index. Total antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, and total oxidant status were significantly different only between the sham and the hepatectomy groups. Statistical differences were found between sham and hepatectomy groups and between hepatectomy and pre+post-hepatectomy-Apocynin groups in terms of serum glutathione, malondialdehyde, total nitrite, and L-Arginine. There were significant differences between the sham and hepatectomy groups, between hepatectomy and posthepatectomy-apocynin groups, between posthepatctomy-apocynin and pre+posthepatectomy-apocynin groups in terms of sinusoidal dilatation, intracytoplasmic vacuolization and glycogen loss (p < 0.001), in all histopathologic parameters except sinusoidal dilatation (p < 0.05). However, significant Ki-67 increases have been elaborated in hepatectomy, posthepatectomy-apocynin, and pre+posthepatectomy-apocynin groups compared to sham group (p < 0.001), in pre+posthepatectomy apocynin group compared to hepatectomy and posthepatectomy-apocynin groups (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry results of this study revealed that apocynin has a protective effect on enhancing liver regeneration in partial hepatectomy cases in rats.

Is gastroscopy necessary before bariatric surgery?

Obesity is the abnormal accumulation of fat or adipose tissue in the body. It has become a serious health problem in the world in the last 50 years and is considered a pandemic. Body mass index is a widely used classification. Thus, obese individuals can be easily classified and standardized. Obesity is the second cause of preventable deaths after smoking. Obesity significantly increases mortality and morbidity. We thought of preparing a publication about routine procedures for the preoperative evaluation of obesity. The question that we asked as bariatric and metabolic surgeons but which was not exactly answered in the literature was "Is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) necessary before bariatric surgery?" We found different answers in our literature review. The European Association of Endoscopic Surgery guidelines recommend EGD for all bariatric procedures. They strongly recommend it for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). As a result of a recent study by the members of the British Obesity & Metabolic Surgery Society, preoperative EGD is routinely recommended for patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy, even if they are asymptomatic, but not recommended for RYGB. It is recommended for symptomatic patients scheduled for RYGB. According to the International Sleeve Gastrectomy Expert Panel Consensus Statement, preoperative EGD is definitely recommended for patients scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy, but its routine use for RYGB is controversial. However, a different view is that the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy recommends endoscopy only for symptomatic patients scheduled for bariatric surgery. In the literature, the primary goal of EGD recommended for sleeve gastrectomy has been interpreted as determining esophagitis caused by gastroesophageal reflux. In the light of the literature, it is stated that this procedure is not necessary in America, while it is routinely recommended in the European continent. Considering medicolegal cases that may occur in the future, we are in favor of performing EGD before bariatric surgery. In conclusion, EGD before bariatric surgery is insurance for both patients and physicians. There is a need for larger and prospective studies to reach more precise conclusions on the subject.

IS BODY MASS INDEX AND OBESITY SURGERY MORTALITY SCORE IMPORTANT IN PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS OF LAPAROSCOPIC SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY BEFORE DISCHARGE?

BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity surgery and related complications have increased with time. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between perioperative complications before discharge and preoperative body mass index and obesity surgery mortality score in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. METHOD: 1617 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were examined in terms of demographic data, presence of comorbidities, whether there were complications or not, type of complications and obesity surgery mortality score. RESULTS: Complications were seen in 40 patients (2.5%) and mortality wasn't seen in the early postoperative period before discharge. The mean age of patients with complications was 36.3±10.02 years (19-57) and without complications 34.12±9.54 (15-64) years. The preoperative mean BMI values of patients with and without complications were 45.05±3.93 (40-57) kg/m2 and 44.8±3.49 (35-67) kg/m2 respectively. According to BMI groups 40-45 kg/m2, 45-50 kg/m2 and 50 and over, there was not any statistical significance seen in three groups in terms of complication positivity and major-minor complication rates. There was not any statistical significance seen between the patients with and without major-minor complications and obesity surgery mortality score. CONCLUSION: There was not any relation between perioperative laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy complication rates before discharge and BMI and obesity surgery mortality scores.

A Diagnostic Dilemma for Acute Abdomen: Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome); A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare cause of acute abdomen and can be easily misdiagnosed. Preoperative diagnosis of the SEP can be performed with preoperative imaging studies. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features of ileus cases who were diagnosed with primary or secondary SEP in the last five years. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the patients who were admitted with ileus or acute abdomen symptoms to the Emergency Department of Elazig Training and Research Hospital and underwent surgery by the same surgical team of General Surgery Department between January 2014 and January 2019. Patients who were diagnosed with primary or secondary SEP were included. The demographic data, clinical presentation, whether the disease was primary or secondary, the treatment options performed and mortality rates were evaluated. RESULTS: SEP was observed in 11 of the patients. Ten patients underwent surgery (90.9%), and one patient (9.1%) was treated conservatively. Of the patients, six had secondary SEP (54.5%) and five had primary SEP (45.5%). In total, five patients were female (45.5%) and six were male (54.5%). The median age of the patients was 35 years (24-69). The median age of the patients with primary disease was 48 (29-69) years, while the median age of patients with secondary disease was 34.5 (24-64) years. One patient expired in the postoperative 8th hour. CONCLUSION: SEP should be considered in the case of recurrent abdominal pain attacks, especially in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, and it should be known that the mortality rate is high when misdiagnosed.

The effects of sponges soaked with chlorhexidine gluconate and metronidazole on safety of colonic anastomosis in an experimental model of peritonitis.

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to evaluate the use of the chlorhexidine gluconate and metronidazole impregnated compresses concerning anastomosis safety in the left colonic anastomosis in the presence of peritonitis. METHODS: This study was conducted on 21 Wistar-Albino-rats divided into three equal groups. After median laparotomy, the whole layer of the left colon was cut 2 cm over the pelvic peritoneum. The faeces were spread around the injury for fecal contamination. Then, fasia and skin were closed with 3/0 silk. After one day period, relaparatomy was performed. The abdomen was cleared isotonic sodium chloride with impregnated material before starting colonic anastomosis in the first group and then double layer colonic anastomosis was performed. In the second Group-II, abdomen was cleared with the metronidazole impregnated compresses then double layer colonic anastomosis was performed. In the group-III, abdomen was cleared with the chlorhexidine gluconate impregnated compresses then double layer colonic anastomosis was performed. Tissue hydroksiproline levels and anastomosis bursting pressures were measured and histopathologic findings on the anastomosis line were evaluated on the postoperative tenth day by performing relaparatomy. RESULTS: The highest anastomosis bursting pressure was found in Group-III (p<0.05). The highest tissue hydroksiproline level was found in Group-III (p<0.005 Group I-III, Group II-III). When histopathologic findings were evaluated by comparing the three groups in this study, the healing of the intestine tissue score was statistically insignificant between group-II and III, for both group-II and III, healing score was statistically significant higher than Group-I (p<0.05 Group I-III and Group I-II). CONCLUSION: Cleaning the abdomen before the anastomosis using antibacterial soaked material increased resection safety in the presence of peritonitis and anastomosis safety in primary anastomosis.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on healing in laser pilonidoplasty for pilonidal sinus disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of platelet-rich plasma in addition to laser pilonidoplasty for the treatment of pilonidal sinus. Twenty-five patients who were treated by laser pilonidoplasty for pilonidal sinus (group 1) and 25 patients who were treated by platelet-rich plasma in addition to laser pilonidoplasty (group 2) at this clinic were included in the study. Patients were classified according to the Irkorucu and Adana Numune's classification and treatment concept. Duration of stay of the patients in the hospital, time to start daily activities, duration of wound healing, recurrence, and complications were evaluated. Among the 50 patients included in the study, 41 (%82) were males and 9 (%18) were females. The mean age was 25.6 ± 2.4 years and 24.8 ± 3.8 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The locations of the pilonidal sinus were similar in the two groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the duration of hospital stay, duration of the procedure, time to return to work, and complication rates between the two groups. Nevertheless, duration of wound healing was 6.1 ± 2.3 and 4.1 ± 0.9 weeks in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and was shorter in group 2. Duration of wound healing was statistically significantly different in the two groups. We concluded in this study that application of platelet-rich plasma in addition to laser pilonidoplasty significantly shortens the time of wound healing.

Is body mass index and obesity surgery mortality score important in perioperative complications of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy before discharge? / Os índices de mortalidade, de massa corporal e da cirurgia da obesidade são importantes nas complicações perioperatórias de gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica antes da alta?

ABSTRACT Background: Morbid obesity surgery and related complications have increased with time. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between perioperative complications before discharge and preoperative body mass index and obesity surgery mortality score in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Method: 1617 patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were examined in terms of demographic data, presence of comorbidities, whether there were complications or not, type of complications and obesity surgery mortality score. Results: Complications were seen in 40 patients (2.5%) and mortality wasn't seen in the early postoperative period before discharge. The mean age of patients with complications was 36.3±10.02 years (19-57) and without complications 34.12±9.54 (15-64) years. The preoperative mean BMI values of patients with and without complications were 45.05±3.93 (40-57) kg/m2 and 44.8±3.49 (35-67) kg/m2 respectively. According to BMI groups 40-45 kg/m2, 45-50 kg/m2 and 50 and over, there was not any statistical significance seen in three groups in terms of complication positivity and major-minor complication rates. There was not any statistical significance seen between the patients with and without major-minor complications and obesity surgery mortality score. Conclusion: There was not any relation between perioperative laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy complication rates before discharge and BMI and obesity surgery mortality scores.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia da obesidade mórbida e complicações relacionadas aumentaram com o tempo. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre as complicações perioperatórias antes da alta e o índice de massa corporal pré-operatório e o escore de mortalidade da cirurgia de obesidade na gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica. Método: 1.617 pacientes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram examinados quanto aos dados demográficos, presença de comorbidades, ocorrência ou não de complicações, tipo de complicações e escore de mortalidade cirúrgico da obesidade. Resultados: Complicações foram observadas em 40 pacientes (2,5%) e mortalidade não foi observada no período pós-operatório imediato antes da alta. A média de idade dos pacientes com complicações foi de 36,3±10,02 anos (19-57) e sem complicações de 34,12±9,54 (15-64) anos. Os valores médios de IMC pré-operatórios dos pacientes com e sem complicações foram 45,05±3,93 (40-57) kg/m2 e 44,8±3,49 (35-67) kg/m2, respectivamente. De acordo com os grupos de IMC 40-45 kg/m2, 45-50 kg/m2 e 50 e mais, não houve qualquer significância estatística observada em três grupos em termos de positividade de complicações e taxas de complicações maiores-menores. Não houve significância estatística entre os pacientes com e sem complicações maiores e menores e o escore de mortalidade da cirurgia de obesidade. Conclusão: Não houve qualquer relação entre as taxas de complicações da gastrectomia vertical laparoscópica perioperatória antes da alta e os escores de mortalidade da cirurgia de obesidade e IMC.

Use of Silver Nitrate Application as Mini-Invasive Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus Disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cure rate and adverse effects of silver nitrate application for treatment of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD). Methods: Number of sinus pit orifices, and complications with silver nitrate application and debridement for sacrococcygeal PSD between January 2015 and July 2018 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Data were obtained from surgical, discharge, and outpatient follow-up records. Among 56 patients who were treated with silver nitrate stick, 11 patients with incomplete hospital records were excluded from the study. Demographic data including age, gender, length of follow-up, number of silver nitrate applications, number of involved sinuses and recurrence and complication rates were recorded. Results were expressed as frequencies, means, and range of values. The Mann Whitney U and chi square tests were used to evaluate significance. Results: Mean age was 24.3 +- 5.18 (range, 14 - 36) years, and recurrence occurred in 4 (8.9%) patients. Complications developed in 10 (22.2%) patients and included abscess, erythema, and necrosis in 5 (11.1%), 2 (4.4%), and 3 (6.6%) patients, respectively. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients who developed abscesses during the follow-up period (p = 0.001) than those who did not. There was no statistically significant correlation between the recurrence rate and number of sinuses or the number of silver nitrate applications. CONCLUSION: Low morbidity and high healing rates achieved with silver nitrate provide support for this application as a feasible and effective conservative outpatient treatment for PSD in certain patients.

A complication of thyroidectomy: Do not forget suture reaction.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to present patients who have developed suture reaction and were treated in our clinic following thyroidectomy operation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who had been treated for suture reaction following thyroidectomy between January 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were analyzed in terms of their age, gender, duration of the symptoms, type of previous operation and treatment modality. RESULTS: Between January 2012 and December 2014, 559 thyroid/parathyroid operations were performed in our clinic. A total of 12 patients were admitted with suture reaction within this period thus yielding a suture reaction incidence of 2.1%. The mean age of these patients was 42±7.65 years, 75% of them were female while 25% of them were male. The types of previous operations were bilateral total thyroidectomy in 83.3%, lobectomy in 8.3% and near total thyroidectomy in 8.3% of the patients. The mean symptom duration was 7.2±4.3 (2-16) months. Two patients (16.7%) underwent a second surgical operation for suture reaction, while 10 patients (83.3%) were treated conservatively. None of the patients developed complications. CONCLUSION: One of the most common complications that develop after thyroidectomy is bleeding. Ligation must be performed in order to prevent this complication. As it is known, surgical ligation with sutures may cause tissue reaction. Sutures that are absorbable and have a low risk for reaction formation should be chosen if suturing is preferred.

A rare disease mimics postoperative bile leakage: Invasive aspergillosis.

Aspergillus fungi can cause serious infections, including intra-abdominal infection, particularly in patients with compromised immune system. Described in the present report is case of 46-year-old female patient who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) at another healthcare facility. In early postoperative period, she had increasing complaints of swelling, nausea, and vomiting. On postoperative 19th day, she was referred to our clinic with diagnosis of acute abdomen. Surgery was performed with suspected possibility of bile leakage. However, pathological examination of soft, yellow-green mass found in subhepatic space determined it was fungus ball caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Patient was diagnosed postoperative intra-abdominal aspergillosis (IAA).

Is Surgery Safe in Gallstone-Related Acute Diseases in Elderly Patients?

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the safety of the surgical treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis and acute cholecystitis in elderly patients. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of General Surgery, Elazig Training and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey, from January 2010 to July 2012. METHODOLOGY: Records of 172 patients with acute complications of biliary calculi, aged over 65 years, were included. Patients were assessed for demographic information, hospitalisation diagnosis, leucocyte count, ASA classification, treatment type, conversion rates, length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Statiscal analyses were performed using the SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: The sample included 128 females (74.4%) and 44 males (25.6%). Patients' diagnoses included 135 (78.4%) acute cholecystitis and 37 (21.6%) acute pancreatitis. Medical treatment was offered to 113 patients (65.7%). Open cholecystectomy was directly performed in 17 patients (9.9%). Two patients (4.8%) were converted to an open cholecystectomy during surgery, while a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed sucessfully on 42 patients (24.4%). Those who underwent surgery were discharged as cured, except for minimal surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Treatment choice in acute gallstone complications in the elderly depends on the patient's general condition, severity of the disease, and ASAscore. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a good option in selected elderly patients with acute cholecystitis and non-severe acute biliary pancreatitis.

Effects of Mastalgia in Young Women on Quality of Life, Depression, and Anxiety Levels.

The aims of this study are to evaluate whether or not there is a relationship between mastalgia with anxiety and depression in young women with mastalgia who do not have organic breast pathology and to examine the effect of pain on the quality of life. Forty female pre-menopausal patients between the ages of 20-40 years with mastalgia and 40 totally healthy volunteers with the same characteristics were investigated with the Short Form 36 (SF-36), Hamilton Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale prospectively following breast examination and radiological examination. Statistical assessments were performed using the SPSS 11.5. Anxiety levels were observed to be higher in the patient group (p = 0.04). The depression level was higher in the patient group; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). The quality of life of the mastalgia group was determined to be lower than that of the control group, and the sub-parameters of physical function (p = 0.04), body pain (p = 0.02), general health (p = 0.03), and energy (p = 0.008) were found to be significantly low. There may be a relationship between mastalgia and depression in young women with mastalgia; however, a closer relationship between anxiety and mastalgia is observed. Mastalgia affects the quality of life of an individual negatively at a significant degree.

Effects of platelet rich plasma on fascial healing in rats with fecal peritonitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on the healing of fascia wherein peritonitis has been created. METHODS: Twenty eight Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. Only a primary fascial repair following laparotomy was performed on Group 1, a primary fascial repair performed and PRP treatment applied following laparotomy on Group 2, and a fecal peritonitis created following laparotomy and a primary fascial repair carried out on Group 3. A fecal peritonitis was created following laparotomy and primary fascial repair and PRP treatment on the fascia was carried out on Group 4. RESULTS: TNF-α was found to be significantly lower in the control group (Group 1). It was detected at the highest level in the group in which fecal peritonitis was created and PRP applied (Group 4). TGF-ß was determined as being significantly higher only in Group 4. Histopathologically, the differences between the groups in terms of cell infiltration and collagen deposition were not found to be significant. CONCLUSION: When platelet rich plasma was given histologically and biochemicaly as wound healing parameters cellular infiltration, collagen accumulation, and tissue hydroxyiproline levels were not increased but neovascularization, fibroblast activation and TNF Alfa levels were increased and PRP accelerated wound healing.

Effects of platelet rich plasma on fascial healing in rats with fecal peritonitis

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To evaluate the effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on the healing of fascia wherein peritonitis has been created. METHODS: Twenty eight Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. Only a primary fascial repair following laparotomy was performed on Group 1, a primary fascial repair performed and PRP treatment applied following laparotomy on Group 2, and a fecal peritonitis created following laparotomy and a primary fascial repair carried out on Group 3. A fecal peritonitis was created following laparotomy and primary fascial repair and PRP treatment on the fascia was carried out on Group 4. RESULTS: TNF-α was found to be significantly lower in the control group (Group 1). It was detected at the highest level in the group in which fecal peritonitis was created and PRP applied (Group 4). TGF-β was determined as being significantly higher only in Group 4. Histopathologically, the differences between the groups in terms of cell infiltration and collagen deposition were not found to be significant. CONCLUSION: When platelet rich plasma was given histologically and biochemicaly as wound healing parameters cellular infiltration, collagen accumulation, and tissue hydroxyiproline levels were not increased but neovascularization, fibroblast activation and TNF Alfa levels were increased and PRP accelerated wound healing.

An obstruction not to forget: Pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome): Single center experience.

PURPOSE: Colonic pseudo obstruction disease commonly seen in the elderly, immobile patient group can cause serious mortality and morbidity. Our objective in this retrospective study is to share our clinical experience by evaluating patients with Ogilvie syndrome who were followed and treated in our clinic. METHODS: Eleven cases with the diagnosis of Ogilvie syndrome followed up and treated between September 2010 and April 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. All the patients that had no symptoms of acute abdominal pain were initiated conservative treatment. Colonoscopic decompression was attempted for patients whose clinical pictures were not recovered. Patients underwent operation if they developed peritoneal irritation symptoms during these procedures and of their number of white blood cells seriously increased during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were treated for Ogilvie syndrome. 6 of the patients underwent surgical treatment, and 5 were treated medically. Mortality developed in two patients. The main cause of mortality was a delay in diagnosis and additional severe underlying diseases. Seven patients were given Neostigmine. Of these, 2 patients required surgery and 3 patients responded to Neostigmine. CONCLUSION: Ogilvie syndrome is a rare cause of ileus of the colon. It is more common particularly in old patients with additional problems. If the disease is suspected and diagnosed early, unnecessary surgical interventions can be prevented with medical treatment choices.

Effective conservative treatment of umbilical pilonidal sinus disease: Silver nitrate? Salt?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the three different treatment methods and investigate The effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of common salt. METHODS: This retrospective study involved patients who were treated in our clinic for umbilical pilonidal sinus disease between January 2010 and December 2011. The patients were divided to three subgroups according to treatment methods. Group I: Cases treated with only local debridement and systemic antibiotic, group II: cases treated with local debridement, systemic antibiotic and silver nitrate, group 3: cases treated with debridement, systemic antibiotic and salt. RESULTS: In this study, 63 patients with the diagnosis of UPS were treated in our clinic. The patients were classified into three groups; group I included 20 patients, group II included 18 patients and group III included 18 patients. During 16-24 months of follow-up, 4 (20%) recurrences in group1 and 2 (11.1%) recurrences in group 2 were detected. Recurrence rate of group 3 was significantly different (5.55%) when compared to group 2. The mean period for returning to daily activities and work was 1 day for the patients. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we suggest that pilonidal sinus cases which are not complicated by abcess and cellulitis can be treated by local removal of umbilical hairs, debridement and dressing without surgery. We conclude that application of common salt (table/ cooking salt) to umbilical pilonidal sinus with granuloma is a simple and highly effective way of treatment without any relapse and complications. KEY WORDS: Conservative treatment, Local debridement, Umblical pilonidal sinus.

Disease that should be remembered: Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease and short history.

Pilonidal sinus disease has led to heated debates since it was first described in the medical literature. Although a consensus has been built on its etiology and pathogenesis, the same course has not progressed for treatment modality. This review is a short article about the process of pilonidal sinus disease from past to present. Some important points were mentioned between the years 1833, which is accepted as the milestone for the awareness of the disease, in which it was first reported until the year of 1880, in which it was given its name. Although its name has been the same for about two centuries, some other names such as "Jeep Disease" have also been used depending on the population affected by the disease. At present, it is indisputable that the disease is acquired. Large series were presented about the treatment in the last two decades. Some surgical methods were even named after the ones who first described them and they have many supporters. However, since the treatment modalities have some advantages and disadvantages and they do not have marked superiority over others, debates still continue. We hope that pilonidal sinus disease will not lose its significance and be underrated in parallel with the developments in technology and specialization in medicine.