Sulforaphane, a Chemopreventive Compound Induces Necrotic Behavior and Inhibits S-phase of Cell Cycle in Human Kidney Cells in Vitro.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is an organosulfur product of found isothiocyanates in vegetables. The chemopreventive effects of SFN have revealed that there is a link between excessive consumption of SFN-rich vegetables and cancer formation without possible toxicological consequences. We aimed to evaluate the cellular outcome of SFN from a toxicological perspective, particularly for renal cells including clear cell adenocarcinoma (769-P) and human embryonic renal epithelial (293T) cells. The viability/cytotoxicity experiments were performed with methyl thiazole diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. IC50-dependent, non-cytotoxic concentrations were used for the determination of cell cycle status and apoptosis by using flow cytometry and western blot. A certain concentration of SFN effectively altered apoptotic/necrotic behavior in 769-P compared to the control group 293T. Cell cycle status remained stable while showing a decreased proliferation profile for 769-P cells. The percentage of the S phase from the cell cycle in 293T cells significantly reduced without affecting proliferation status. The use of SFN as an alternative to traditional treatments might be considered for the battle against renal cell carcinoma but the current findings showed that caution should be applied particularly for renal cells. Our study will provide a basis for future in vivo studies to support traditional cancer therapies.

HLA Class I Expression Changes in Different Types of Cultured Parathyroid Cells.

OBJECTIVES: Tissue-specific immunogenicity can be characterized by the determination of human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Parathyroid hyperplasia tissue cells are presumed to have the ability to lose HLA class I expression profile during cultivation, whereas healthy parathyroid cells are presumed to already express HLA class I molecules at low levels. However, there are conflicting results about the expression of HLA class I antigens. In this study, our aim was to evaluate different patterns of HLA class I expression in different parathyroid tissue cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parathyroid tissue cells were isolated enzymatically and cultured in vitro. Expression of HLA class I (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C) mRNA and protein levels were studied in 7 parathyroid adenomas and 9 parathyroid hyperplasia tissue samples by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: HLA-A protein expression remained stable in parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia tissue, but HLA-A mRNA expression decreased in adenoma tissue. In parathyroid hyperplasia tissue, HLA-B protein expression remained stable, although mRNA expres-sion levels decreased during cultivation. HLA-C mRNA expression was steady in parathyroid adenoma yet significantly decreased in hyperplasia tissue samples. HLA-C protein expression levels were below 30 pg for both types of parathyroid tissue during cultivation. CONCLUSIONS: HLA class I expression levels of para-thyroid hyperplasia and adenoma tissue were not found to be similar. Parathyroid hyperplasia tissue is the donor tissue for the treatment of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Therefore, expression patterns of HLA class I are directly relevant to the transplant process. In particular, the HLA region is highly polymorphic, and, as a consequence of this, heterogeneous correlations among HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C expression patterns of parathyroid tissue should be evaluated in detail before transplant for future studies.

Comparison of the efficacy of low-level laser therapy and photodynamic therapy on oral mucositis in rats.

Cancer treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with some side effects including in the oral cavity. One of the more significant oral complications is oral mucositis (OM) which induces severe pain and limits fundamental life behaviors such as eating, drinking, and talking. Although advancements in cancer treatment improved the survival rate, severe OM and opportunistic infection affect treatment adversely. Therefore, the control of OM is important for oral health quality of life and prognosis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and photodynamic therapy (PT) are noninvasive methods that reduce inflammation and pain during wound healing. The aim of this study is to evaluate immunohistochemical and histological examination of the OM region of the PT comparing LLLT. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, LLLT, and PT groups. All groups received 5-fluorouracil intraperitoneally and a linear trauma to the mouth pouch with a needle. After the formation of OM in the mouth, the control group had no treatment; the LLLT group was administered LLLT, and the PT group had LLLT after indocyanine green application. Then all groups were sacrificed, and histological analyses and protein level detection of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-ß), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) were evaluated in all groups. PT was determined to be more statistically significantly than LLLT with bFGF and PDGF-BB. However, regarding TGF-ß, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. Within the limitations of this study, indocyanine green may accelerate the LLLT effect. However, further studies on this subject are required.

A New Transport Solution for Parathyroid Allotransplantation: Effects on Cell Viability and Calcium-Sensing Receptors.

BACKGROUND: Cold ischemia protects organs and tissues by slowing their metabolism, but it also causes ischemic injury. Minimizing cold ischemia has been an important goal in parathyroid auto- and allotransplantation, as well as the transplantation of other major organs. Parathyroid glands are responsible for calcium homeostasis by releasing parathormone (PTH) into the blood circulation. Functionality of a new parathyroid transport solution (NPTS) and effects on cell viability, PTH secretion, and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) levels during cold ischemia were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A NPTS was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to a range of 7.2-7.4 and kept at +4°C until use. Seven patients with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to chronic renal failure who were scheduled to undergo subtotal parathyroidectomy were enrolled in the study. Glands were cold-preserved in NPTS with different time intervals (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours), and then parathyroid cell viability before and after cryopreservation, PTH secretion, and CaSR levels were determined. RESULTS: The mean cell viability before cryopreservation was 92.7% (range 89.2%-97.2%). There were no significant differences in cell viability rates before and after cryopreservation (p = 0.1168 and p = 0.4085, respectively), and CaSR levels (p = 0.5446) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: NPTS is a solution designed specifically for parathyroid tissue transplantation. This patent pending product can support cellular viability and PTH release, as well as protect CaSR functionality for up to 24 hours of cold ischemia.

Comparison of laser and ozone treatments on oral mucositis in an experimental model.

Oral mucositis (OM) induces severe pain and limits fundamental life behaviors such as eating, drinking, and talking for patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, through opportunistic microorganisms, OM frequently leads to systemic infection which then leads to prolonged hospitalization. Severe lesions often adversely affect curative effects in cancer cases. Therefore, the control of OM is important for oral health quality of life and prognosis. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone may be useful to accelerate wound healing. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, ozone, and laser groups. All groups received 5-fluorouracil intraperitoneally and trauma to the mouth pouch with a needle. After the formation of OM in the mouth, the control group had no treatment; the ozone group was administered ozone, and the laser group, LLLT. Then, all groups were sacrificed and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-ß), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were evaluated in all groups. LLLT was determined to be statistically significantly more effective than ozone on FGF and PDGF. However, in respect of TGF-ß, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. In conclusion, within the limitations of this study, LLLT is more effective than ozone. However, further studies on this subject are required.

Differential effects of selenium on benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells: stimulation of LNCaP cell growth by noncytotoxic, low selenite concentrations.

We examined the hypothesis that nontoxic concentrations of selenium induce apoptosis and growth inhibition selectively in prostate cancer cells but not in benign prostate cells. Nontumorigenic BPH-1 prostate epithelial cells, androgen-sensitive LNCaP, and androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells were exposed to sodium selenite at 1 to 10 micromol/l for 24 to 72 h. Cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion, flow cytometry, DNA laddering, and caspase activation. BPH-1 cells were more sensitive for cytotoxic selenium effects than malignant prostate cells, whereas LNCaP cells were more sensitive than PC-3 cells. At noncytotoxic selenium concentrations, there was no apoptosis in BPH-1 and PC-3 cells and no growth inhibition of LNCaP and BPH-1 cells. PC-3 cells were refractory to apoptosis induction but were growth inhibited at noncytotoxic concentrations. LNCaP cells were growth stimulated at 1 micromol/l and sensitive to apoptosis induction at higher noncytotoxic concentrations. Thus, noncytotoxic selenite concentrations did not induce growth inhibition or apoptosis selectively in prostate cancer cells. Growth stimulation of LNCaP cells by low concentrations suggests the possibility of adverse effects of selenium supplementation on hormone sensitive prostate cancer, whereas inhibition of PC-3 cell proliferation at noncytotoxic concentrations suggests potential benefit of selenium in advanced prostate cancer.