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Pyroptosis, as a new programmed death mode, plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, and the drugs targeting the pyroptosis pathway, as a new therapeutic strategy, may produce a significant influence on the treatment of prostate cancer . However, the precise mechanism of cellular pyroptosis remains unclear, necessitating further investigation. This paper presents a summary of the role of cellular pyroptosis in prostate cancer over recent years. It includes a discussion of the mechanism of pyroptosis, its role in prostate cancer development, and its clinical applications. This will provide clinicians with a new strategy for treatment and drug development.
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Progressão da Doença , Neoplasias da Próstata , Piroptose , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , MasculinoRESUMO
Given the existing uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and safety of switching from low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with cancer-associated venous thrombosis (CAT), we conducted a comprehensive population-based cohort study utilizing electronic health database in Hong Kong. A total of 4356 patients with CAT between 2010 and 2022 were included, with 1700 (39.0%) patients switching to DOAC treatment. Compared to continuous LMWH treatment, switching to DOACs was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization due to venous thromboembolism (HR: 0.49 [95% CI = 0.35-0.68]) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.67 [95% CI = 0.61-0.74]), with no significant difference in major bleeding (HR: 1.04 [95% CI = 0.83-1.31]) within six months. These findings provide reassurance regarding the effectiveness and safety of switching from LMWH to DOACs among patients with CAT, including vulnerable patient groups.
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Anticoagulantes , Hemorragia , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular , Neoplasias , Trombose Venosa , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/complicações , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/administração & dosagem , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/efeitos adversos , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Trombose Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Resultado do Tratamento , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Substituição de Medicamentos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
An electrochemical gem-difluorination of indeno[1,2-c]furans using commercially available and easy-to-use triethylamine trihydrofluoride as both the electrolyte and fluorinating agent was developed. Remarkably, different reaction pathways of indeno[1,2-c]furans, i.e., paired electrolysis and net oxidation, are operative in a batch reactor and a continuous-flow microreactor to afford the corresponding gem-difluorinated indanones and indenones, respectively.
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Urtica cannabina L. (UL) has been used clinically for centuries because of its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects of different UL concentrations in zebrafish. To elucidate UL's anti-inflammatory properties, two inflammation zebrafish models were designed 1) by severing the zebrafish's caudal fin to assess the repairing effect of UL on the tail inflammation, and 2) by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-mediated intestinal inflammation to assess the protective and reparative effects of UL on intestinal inflammation at the histological and genetic levels. Furthermore, the effect of UL on the LPS-induced intestinal flora changes was also assessed. After caudal fin resection, a scar formed on the tail of the zebrafish, and the area of the caudal fin increased by 1.30 times as much as that of the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, this tail scar was alleviated after 10 mg/g UL supplementation but not after 30 mg/g UL dose. LPS decreased the feed intake and body weight of the zebrafish; however, these effects were reversed after 10 and 30 mg/g doses of UL. In addition, the LPS treatment also reduced the intestinal goblet cells by 49% in the zebrafish when compared with the control, which was significantly restored after 10 and 30 mg/g UL treatments. At the genetics level, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (TNF-α, IL6, and IL8) showed that 10 and 30 mg/g UL doses could rescue LPS-induced expression. The gut microbiota analysis revealed changes in the abundance of four major bacterial phyla in the 10 and 30 mg/g UL-treated groups, with an increased probiotic Bacteroidota and decreased pathogenic bacteria. These results indicate that UL strongly inhibits inflammation caused by caudal fin removal and LPS-induced inflammatory changes in the zebrafish intensity, suggesting that UL is a feed additive that could be developed to improve resistance to inflammation in livestock.
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Anti-Inflamatórios , Lipopolissacarídeos , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Aditivos Alimentares/farmacologia , Ração Animal , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have demonstrated clinical benefits and better patient adherence over low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in treating patients with cancer-associated venous thrombosis (CAT). We aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of DOACs against LMWH in patients with CAT from the perspective of the Hong Kong healthcare system. Methods: A Markov state-transition model was performed to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for DOACs and LMWH in a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 patients with CAT over a 5-year lifetime horizon. The model was primarily based on the health states of no event, recurrent venous thromboembolism, bleeding, and death. Transition probabilities, relative risks, and utilities were derived from the literature. Resource cost data were obtained from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the results. Results: Relative to LMWH, DOACs were associated with increased QALYs (1.52 versus 1.50) at a lower medical cost of USD 2,232 versus 8,224 in five years. The cost of LMWH was the main contributor to the outcome. Out of 10,000 simulated cases, DOACs were dominant in 15.8% and cost-effective in 42.1%, at the willingness-to-pay threshold of USD 148,392 per additional QALY. Conclusions: DOACs were associated with greater QALY improvements and lower overall costs compared to LMWH. Accounting for uncertainty, DOACs were between cost-effective and dominant in 57.9% of cases. DOACs are a cost-effective alternative to LMWH in the management of CAT in Hong Kong.
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OBJECTIVES: To establish the epidemiology cut-off (ECOFF) values of eravacycline against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, from a multi-centre study in China. METHODS: We collected 2500 clinical isolates from five hospitals in China from 2017 to 2020. The MICs of eravacycline were determined using broth microdilution. The ECOFF values of eravacycline against the five species commonly causing cIAIs were calculated using visual estimation and ECOFFinder following the EUCAST guideline. RESULTS: The MICs of eravacycline against all the strains were in the range of 0.004-16 mg/L. The ECOFF values of eravacycline were 0.5 mg/L for E. coli, 2 mg/L for K. pneumonia and E. cloacae, and 0.25 mg/L for A. baumannii and S. aureus, consistent with the newest EUCAST publication of eravacycline ECOFF values for the populations. No discrepancy was found between the visually estimated and 99.00% ECOFF values calculated using ECOFFinder. CONCLUSIONS: The determined ECOFF values of eravacycline against the five species can assist in distinguishing wild-type from non-wild-type strains. Given its promising activity, eravacycline may represent a member of the tetracycline class in treating cIAIs caused by commonly encountered Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens.
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Microplastic (MP) accumulation has recently become a pressing global environmental challenge. As a major producer and consumer of plastic products, China's MP pollution has garnered significant attention from researchers. However, accurate and comprehensive investigations of national-level MP pollution are still lacking. In this study, we systematically collated a national MP pollution dataset consisting of 7766 water, soil, and sediment sampling sites from 544 publicly published studies, revealing the spatiotemporal distribution and potential risks of MP pollution in China. The results indicate that MP distribution is influenced by various regional factors, including economic development level, population distribution, and geographical environment, exhibiting considerable range and complexity. MP concentrations are generally higher in economically prosperous areas, but the degree of pollution varies significantly across different environmental media. Given the uncertainty and lack of standardized data in traditional microplastic risk assessment methods, this article highlights the urgency of developing a comprehensive big data and artificial intelligence (AI)-based regulatory framework. This work provides a substantial amount of accurate MP pollution data and offers a fresh perspective on leveraging AI for microplastic pollution regulation.
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Peptostreptococcus stomatis (P. stomatis) is enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its causality and translational implications in CRC are unknown. Here, we show that P. stomatis accelerates colonic tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS) models by inducing cell proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, and impairing gut barrier function. P. stomatis adheres to CRC cells through its surface protein fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) that binds to the integrin α6/ß4 receptor on CRC cells, leading to the activation of ERBB2 and the downstream MEK-ERK-p90 cascade. Blockade of the FBA-integrin α6/ß4 abolishes ERBB2-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and the protumorigenic effect of P. stomatis. P. stomatis-driven ERBB2 activation bypasses receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) blockade by EGFR inhibitors (cetuximab, erlotinib), leading to drug resistance in xenograft and spontaneous CRC models of KRAS-wild-type CRC. P. stomatis also abrogates BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) efficacy in BRAFV600E-mutant CRC xenografts. Thus, we identify P. stomatis as an oncogenic bacterium and a contributory factor for non-responsiveness to RTK inhibitors in CRC.
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Carcinogênese , Neoplasias Colorretais , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Peptostreptococcus , Receptor ErbB-2 , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/microbiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Frutose-Bifosfato Aldolase/metabolismo , Frutose-Bifosfato Aldolase/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , /farmacologiaRESUMO
Backgrounds and Aims: Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to sepsis and septic shock. Cirrhotic patients also have increased capillary permeability and are prone to developing volume overload. Patients with septic shock may have an enhanced pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), both of which are associated with an unfavorable prognosis. It is plausible that pre-existing hyperpermeability may deteriorate when cirrhotic patients develop septic shock. However, it remains unknown whether PVPI and EVLWI can predict the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with septic shock. Pulse Indicator Continuous Cardiac Output (PiCCO) is an established tool to measure PVPI and EVLWI. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective study to investigate the prognostic significance of PVPI and EVLWI in cirrhotic patients with septic shock using PiCCO monitoring. Methods: We included 83 patients with liver cirrhosis and septic shock. EVLW indexed to actual body weight (aEVLWI), EVLW indexed to predicted body weight (pEVLWI), PVPI, disease severity scores, and other biomarkers were analyzed. We collected the PiCCO data on the first 2 days. Results: The overall 28-day mortality was 43.4%. The values of PVPI, aEVLWI, and pEVLWI on day 2 (PVPID2, aEVLWID2, EVLWID2) were significantly higher in non-survivors. The discriminating power of PVPID2 and EVLWID2 to predict 28-day mortality was tested using the area under a ROC curve. The areas under ROC curves (mean ± SEM) were 0.713 ± 0.061 and 0.650 ± 0.063 for PVPID2 and pEVLWID2. In the multivariate analysis, PVPID2, bilirubin, and lactate were independent factors which predicted 28-day mortality. Conclusions: Higher levels of PVPID2 and pEVLWID2 are associated with higher 28-day mortality rates in cirrhotic patients with septic shock. PVPI and pEVLWI may be useful to guide fluid management in this clinical setting.
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Self-assembled protein cages are attractive scaffolds for organizing various proteins of interest (POIs) toward applications in synthetic biology and medical science. However, specifically attaching multiple POIs to a single protein cage remains challenging, resulting in diversity among the functionalized particles. Here, we present the engineering of a self-assembled protein cage, DTMi3ST, capable of independently recruiting two different POIs using SpyCatcher (SC)/SpyTag (ST) and DogCatcher (DC)/DogTag (DT) chemistries, thereby reducing variability between assemblies. Using fluorescent proteins as models, we demonstrate controlled targeting of two different POIs onto DTMi3ST protein cages both in vitro and inside living cells. Furthermore, dual functionalization of the DTMi3ST protein cage with a membrane-targeting peptide and ß-galactosidase resulted in the construction of membrane-bound enzyme assemblies in Escherichia coli, leading to a 69.6% enhancement in substrate utilization across the membrane. This versatile protein cage platform provides dual functional nanotools for biological and biomedical applications.
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Escherichia coli , Engenharia de Proteínas , Escherichia coli/genética , Peptídeos/química , beta-Galactosidase/química , beta-Galactosidase/metabolismo , HumanosRESUMO
The Hippo-YAP1 pathway is an evolutionally conserved signaling cascade that controls organ size and tissue regeneration. Dysregulation of Hippo-YAP1 signaling promotes initiation and progression of several types of cancer, including gastric cancer (GC). As the Hippo-YAP1 pathway regulates expression of thousands of genes, it is important to establish which target genes contribute to the oncogenic program driven by YAP1 to identify strategies to circumvent it. Here, we identified a vital role of FOXP4 in YAP1-driven gastric carcinogenesis by maintaining stemness and promoting peritoneal metastasis. Loss of FOXP4 impaired GC spheroid formation and reduced stemness marker expression, while FOXP4 upregulation potentiated cancer cell stemness. RNA-seq analysis revealed SOX12 as downstream target of FOXP4, and functional studies established that SOX12 supports stemness in YAP1-induced carcinogenesis. A small molecule screen identified 42-(2-Tetrazolyl)rapamycin as a FOXP4 inhibitor, and targeting FOXP4 suppressed GC tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of 5-FU chemotherapy in vivo. Collectively, these findings revealed that FOXP4 upregulation by YAP1 in GC regulates stemness and tumorigenesis by upregulating SOX12. Targeting the YAP1-FOXP4-SOX12 axis represents a potential therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Marine natural product (MNP) pretrichodermamide B (Pre B, 9) was identified as a novel STAT3 inhibitor in our previous work, while its metabolic instability hindered its further development. To address this drawback, ligand structure-based drug design was adopted leading to a series of Pre B derivatives. Among them, MNP trichodermamide B (tri B, 24) obtained by skeletal rearrangement exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 0.12 µM against HCT116. Notably, 24 stood out with improved metabolic stability (T1/2 = 31 min) and more favorable oral bioavailability (F = 37.5%). Further studies indicated that 24 blocked JAK/STAT3 signaling in dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, 24 suppressed tumor growth (TGI = 65%) at a dose of 20 mg/kg in a HCT116-derived xenograft mouse model. Overall, 24 might be a promising lead compound for colon cancer and is worthy of further investigation.
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Antineoplásicos , Produtos Biológicos , Neoplasias do Colo , Janus Quinases , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HCT116 , Janus Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Janus Quinases/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Estrutura Molecular , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
In this study, AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) processed via standard laser dicing (SLD) and multifocal laser stealth dicing (MFLSD) were investigated. Adopting the MFLSD technology would generate a roughing surface rather than the V-shaped grooves on the sidewall of 508 × 508 µm2 DUV-LEDs, which would reduce the forward operating voltage and increase the wall-plug efficiency, light output power, and far-field radiation patterns of these devices. In addition, the wavelength shift, far-field patterns, and light-tracing simulation results of the DUV-LEDs processed with SLD and MFLSD were clearly demonstrated and analyzed. Accordingly, it was observed that the MFLSD process provided more possibilities for photon escape to increase the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of DUV-LEDs, thus decreased the wavelength-redshift and junction temperature in DUV-LEDs. These results provide a reference for advanced nano-processing practices implemented during the fabrication of semiconductor devices.
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OBJECTIVE: The study investigated maternal exposure to heavy metals from industrial sources during pregnancy as potential risk factors for childhood cancer. METHODS: Cases ages 0-19 were identified from California Cancer Registry. Controls (20:1 ratio) were randomly selected from California Birth Registry, frequency-matched by birth year (1998-2016). We estimated maternal exposure to lead, nickel and cobalt in ambient air from the Toxic Release Inventory. We examined "ever/never", and "high/low" exposures, categorized by median exposure. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, method of payment for prenatal care, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and urban/rural residence. RESULTS: Among highly-exposed persons, lead was associated with an increased teratoma risk (aOR: 1.52; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.37), while nickel was associated with an increased rhabdomyosarcoma risk (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.04). Cobalt was associated with an increased glioma risk (aOR: 2.25, 95% CI 1.39, 3.65) among ever-exposed persons. Inverse associations were found between Wilms tumor and nickel among the ever exposed and highly exposed (ever: aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96; high: aOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest air pollution from heavy metals released by industrial sources may elevate childhood cancer risk.
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Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), when a fetus does not grow as expected, is associated with a reduction in hepatic functionality and a higher risk for chronic liver disease in adulthood. Utilizing early developmental plasticity to reverse the outcome of poor fetal programming remains an unexplored area. Focusing on the biochemical profiles of neonates and previous transcriptome findings, piglets from the same fetus are selected as models for studying IUGR. The cellular landscape of the liver is created by scRNA-seq to reveal sex-dependent patterns in IUGR-induced hepatic injury. One week after birth, IUGR piglets experience hypoxic stress. IUGR females exhibit fibroblast-driven T cell conversion into an immune-adapted phenotype, which effectively alleviates inflammation and fosters hepatic regeneration. In contrast, males experience even more severe hepatic injury. Prolonged inflammation due to disrupted lipid metabolism hinders intercellular communication among non-immune cells, which ultimately impairs liver regeneration even into adulthood. Additionally, Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is explored as a novel biomarker by reducing hepatic triglyceride deposition as a protective response against hypoxia in IUGR males. PPARα activation can mitigate hepatic damage and meanwhile restore over-expressed APOA4 to normal in IUGR males. The pioneering study offers valuable insights into the sexually dimorphic responses to hepatic injury during IUGR.
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Animais Recém-Nascidos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/metabolismo , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/genética , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Suínos , Fígado/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuais , Gravidez , Hepatopatias/metabolismo , Hepatopatias/genética , HumanosRESUMO
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA binding protein YTHDF1 is frequently overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and drives chemotherapeutic resistance. To systematically identify druggable targets in CRC with high expression of YTHDF1, we employed a CRISPR/Cas9 screening strategy that revealed RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 as putative targets.RUVBL1/2 were overexpressed in primary CRC samples and represented independent predictors of poor patient prognosis. Functionally, loss of RUVBL1/2 preferentially impaired the growth ofYTHDF1-high CRC cells, patient-derived primary CRC organoids, and subcutaneous xenografts. Mechanistically, YTHFD1 and RUVBL1/2 formed a positive feed-forward circuit to accelerate oncogenic translation. YTHDF1 bound to m6A-modified RUVBL1/2 mRNA to promote translation initiation and protein expression. Co-IP and mass spectrometry identified that RUVBL1/2 reciprocally interacted with YTHDF1 at 40S translation initiation complexes. Consequently, RUVBL1/2 depletion stalled YTHDF1-driven oncogenic translation and nascent protein biosynthesis, leading to proliferative arrest and apoptosis. Ribo-seq revealed that RUVBL1/2 loss impaired the activation of MAPK, RAS and PI3K-AKT signaling induced by YTHDF1. Finally, blockade of RUVBL1/2 by the pharmacological inhibitor CB6644 or vesicle-like nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNAs preferentially arrested the growth of YTHDF1-expressing CRC in vitro and in vivo. Together, this study uncovered that RUVBL1/2 are potential prognostic markers and druggable targets that regulate protein translation in YTHDF1-high CRC.
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Morganella morganii, encompassing two subspecies, subsp. morganii and subsp. sibonii, is a common opportunistic pathogen, notable for intrinsic resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. Despite its clinical significance, research into the potential evolutionary dynamics of M. morganii remains limited. This study involved the analysis of genome sequences from 431 M. morganii isolates, comprising 206 isolates that cause host infections, obtained from this study and 225 from the NCBI genome data sets. A diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was identified in M. morganii isolates, including mcr-1, tet(X4), tmexCD-toprJ, and various carbapenemase genes. In addition, a novel blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid with demonstrated conjugative capability was discovered in M. morganii. The majority of virulence-related genes (VRGs), except for the hlyCABD gene cluster, were found in almost all M. morganii. Three novel genospecies of M. morganii were identified, designated as M. chanii, M. variant1, and M. variant2. Compared to M. sibonii, M. chanii genospecies possessed a greater number of flagellar-related genes, typically located within mobile genetic elements (MGEs), suggesting potential for better environmental adaptability. Phylogenetic analysis further disclosed that M. morganii was divided into 12 sequence clusters (SCs). Particularly, SC9 harbored an elevated abundance of ARGs and VRGs, mainly toxin-related genes, and was associated with a higher presence of MGEs compared to non-SC9 strains. The collective findings suggest that M. morganii undergoes evolution driven by the influence of MGEs, thereby significantly enhancing its adaptability to selective pressures of environmental changes and clinical antimicrobial agents.IMPORTANCEThe growing clinical significance of Morganella morganii arises from its abundant virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes, resulting in elevated infection rates and increased clinical scrutiny. However, research on the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary trends of M. morganii has been scarce. Our study established a list of virulence-related genes (VRGs) for M. morganii and conducted a large-scale epidemiological investigation into these VRGs. Based on genomic classification, three novel genotypes of M. morganii were identified, representing evolutionary adaptations and responses to environmental challenges. Furthermore, we discovered the emergence of a sequence cluster enriched with antimicrobial resistance genes, VRGs, and mobile genetic elements, attributed to the selective pressure of antimicrobial agents. In addition, we identified a novel conjugative plasmid harboring the blaKPC-2 gene. These findings hold significance in monitoring and comprehending the epidemiology of M. morganii.
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Epidemiologia Molecular , Morganella morganii , Filogenia , Morganella morganii/genética , Morganella morganii/efeitos dos fármacos , Morganella morganii/isolamento & purificação , Morganella morganii/patogenicidade , Humanos , Evolução Molecular , Genoma Bacteriano , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Plasmídeos/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vaccination remains the cornerstone of defense against COVID-19 globally. This study aims to assess the safety and immunogenicity profile of innovative vaccines LYB001. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial, in 100 healthy Chinese adults (21 to 72 years old). Three doses of 30 or 60 µg of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based VLP vaccine (LYB001), or the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001, control group) were administered with a 28-day interval. Differences in the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and indicators of humoral and cellular immunity among the different groups were measured. RESULTS: No severe adverse events were confirmed to be vaccine-related, and there was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events between the LYB001 and control group or the age subgroups (p > 0.05). The LYB001 groups had significantly higher or comparable levels of seroconversion rates, neutralization antibody, S protein-binding antibody, and cellular immunity after whole vaccination than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support that LYB001 developed on the VLP platform is safe and well tolerated with favorable immunogenicity for fundamental vaccination in healthy adults. Therefore, further larger-scale clinical studies are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05552573).
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Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Método Duplo-Cego , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Feminino , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/imunologia , Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Celular , China , Imunidade Humoral , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Vacinação/métodos , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/imunologia , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/efeitos adversos , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas/administração & dosagem , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasite that mainly infects the heart and pulmonary arteries of rats and causes human eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in certain geographical areas. Current diagnostic methods include detection of the parasite in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and eosinophilic immune examination after lumbar puncture, which may be risky and produce false-positive results. 18F- Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a Positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, has been used to assess different pathological or inflammatory changes in the brains of patients. In this study, we hypothesized that A. cantonensis infection-induced inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors of eosinophils result in localized pathological changes in the brains of non-permissive hosts, which could be analyzed using in vivo 18F-FDG PET imaging. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS: Non-permissive host ICR mice and permissive host SD rats were infected with A. cantonensis, and the effects of the resulting inflammation on 18F-FDG uptake were characterized using PET imaging. We also quantitatively measured the distributed uptake values of different brain regions to build an evaluated imaging model of localized neuropathological damage caused by eosinophilic inflammation. Our results showed that the uptake of 18F-FDG increased in the cerebellum, brainstem, and limbic system of mice at three weeks post-infection, whereas the uptake in the rat brain was not significant. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting revealed that Iba-1, a microglia-specific marker, significantly increased in the hippocampus and its surrounding area in mice after three weeks of infection, and then became pronounced after four weeks of infection; while YM-1, an eosinophilic chemotactic factor, in the hippocampus and midbrain, increased significantly from two weeks post-infection, sharply escalated after three weeks of infection, and peaked after four weeks of infection. Cytometric bead array (CBA) analysis revealed that the expression of TNF in the serum of mice increased concomitantly with the prolongation of infection duration. Furthermore, IFN-γ and IL-4 in rat serum were significantly higher than in mouse serum at two weeks post-infection, indicating significantly different immune responses in the brains of rats and mice. We suggest that 18F-FDG uptake in the host brain may be attributed to the accumulation of large numbers of immune cells, especially the metabolic burst of activated eosinophils, which are attracted to and induced by activated microglia in the brain. CONCLUSIONS: An in vivo 18F-FDG/PET imaging model can be used to evaluate live neuroinflammatory pathological changes in the brains of A. cantonensis-infected mice and rats.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus cantonensis , Encéfalo , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Infecções por Strongylida , Animais , Angiostrongylus cantonensis/imunologia , Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/diagnóstico por imagem , Infecções por Strongylida/patologia , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/imunologia , Camundongos , Ratos , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Inflamação/imunologia , Masculino , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lectinas/metabolismo , Feminino , beta-N-Acetil-HexosaminidasesRESUMO
Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). However, the regulation of lncRNA SNHG15 in GC has not been well studied. Mechanisms for ferroptosis by SNHG15 have not been revealed. Here, we aimed to explore SNHG15-mediated biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms in GC. The novel SNHG15 was identified by analyzing RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of GC tissues from our cohort and TCGA dataset, and further validated by qRT-PCR in GC cells and tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays were performed to examine the role of SNHG15 on GC both in vitro and in vivo. SNHG15 was highly expressed in GC. The enhanced SNHG15 was positively correlated with malignant stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that SNHG15 was required to affect GC cell growth, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the oncogenic transcription factors E2F1 and MYC could bind to the SNHG15 promoter and enhance its expression. Meanwhile, SNHG15 increased E2F1 and MYC mRNA expression by sponging miR-24-3p. Notably, SNHG15 could also enhance the stability of SLC7A11 in the cytoplasm by competitively binding HNRNPA1. In addition, SNHG15 inhibited ferroptosis through an HNRNPA1-dependent regulation of SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. Our results support a novel model in which E2F1- and MYC-activated SNHG15 regulates ferroptosis via an HNRNPA1-dependent modulation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, which serves as the critical effectors in GC progression, and provides a new therapeutic direction in the treatment of GC.