Exploring teacher wellbeing in educational reforms: a Chinese perspective.

Teaching is a demanding profession and maintaining teacher wellbeing is significant in ensuring educational quality. However, teacher wellbeing is easily affected by educational reforms, and systematic research on this topic is still relatively rare. In China, with the enactment of the Double Reduction Policy in 2021, the job characteristics of primary and secondary school teachers have undergone various changes. Thus, the current study examined the new job characteristics that China's Double Reduction Policy imposed on the wellbeing of school teachers and their relationships with teachers' inner world (i.e., emotional regulation and mindset). A cross-sectional study was carried out from June to October 2022 across China, employing self-reporting questionnaires for data collection and analysis. With a random sample of 902 teachers, we investigated the associations between teacher wellbeing, job characteristics, emotional regulation strategies, and mindset. The results indicated that teachers showed a lower level of wellbeing after the educational reform. Higher job resources contributed positively to predicting teacher wellbeing, while higher job demands contributed negatively. Genuinely expressing had positive impacts on teacher wellbeing while surface acting had negative impacts and deep acting none. Mindset was found to affect emotional regulation strategies and teacher wellbeing simultaneously. These findings shed light on how teachers can appropriately regulate emotions and maintain wellbeing in the wake of educational reforms.

Baseline white matter function predicts short-term treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The detection and characterization of functional activities in the gray matter of schizophrenia (SZ) have been widely explored. However, the relationship between resting-state functional signals in the white matter of first-episode SZ and short-term treatment response remains unclear. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with first-episode SZ and 44 matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Patients were classified as nonresponders and responders based on response to antipsychotic medication during a single hospitalization. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and functional connectivity (FC) of white matter were calculated. The relationships between functional changes and clinical features were analyzed. In addition, voxel-based morphometry was performed to analyze the white matter volume. RESULTS: One-way analysis of variance showed significant differences of fALFF and ReHo in the left posterior thalamic radiation and left cingulum (hippocampus) in the patient group, and the areas were regarded as seeds. The FC was calculated between seeds and other white matter networks. Compared with responders, nonresponders showed significantly increased FC between the left cingulum (hippocampus) and left posterior thalamic radiation, splenium of corpus callosum, and left tapetum, and were associated with the changes of clinical assessment. However, there was no difference in white matter volume between groups. CONCLUSION: Our work provides a novel insight that psycho-neuroimaging-based white matter function holds promise for influencing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SZ.

TFG mutation induces haploinsufficiency and drives axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease by causing neurite degeneration.

AIMS: TFG-related axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a late-onset, autosomal dominant, hereditary motor, and sensory neuropathy characterized by slowly progressive weakness and atrophy of the distal muscles. The objective of this study was to determine the common pathogenic mechanism of TFG-related CMT type 2 (CMT2) caused by different mutations and establish a direct association between TFG haploinsufficiency and neurodegeneration. METHODS: Three individuals carrying the TFG p.G269V mutation but with varying disease durations were studied. The effect of the p.G269V mutation was confirmed by analyzing protein samples extracted from the blood of two individuals. The functional consequences of both CMT2 mutant gene products were evaluated in vitro. The effect of TFG deficiency in the nervous system was examined using zebrafish models and cultured mouse neurons. RESULTS: Overexpression of p.G269V TFG failed to enhance soluble TFG levels by generating insoluble TFG aggregates. TFG deficiency disrupted neurite outgrowth and induced neuronal apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro and further impaired locomotor capacity in zebrafish, which was consistent with the phenotype in patients. Wnt signaling was activated as a protective factor in response to TFG deficiency. CONCLUSION: CMT2-related TFG mutation induces TFG haploinsufficiency within cells and drives disease by causing progressive neurite degeneration.

Differentiation of Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Intracranial Enhancement Lesions Using Three-Dimensional Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling.

Background and Purpose: It is sometimes difficult to effectively distinguish non-neoplastic from neoplastic intracranial enhancement lesions using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) to differentiate non-neoplastic from neoplastic enhancement lesions intracranially. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included thirty-five patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG), twelve patients with brain metastasis, and fifteen non-neoplastic patients who underwent conventional, contrast enhancement and 3D-pCASL imaging at 3.0-T MR; all lesions were significantly enhanced. Quantitative parameters including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were compared between neoplastic and non-neoplastic using Student's t-test. In addition, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was measured to assess the differentiation diagnostic performance of each parameter. Results: The non-neoplastic group demonstrated significantly lower rCBF values of lesions and perilesional edema compared with the neoplastic group. For the ROC analysis, both relative cerebral blood flow of lesion (rCBF-L) and relative cerebral blood flow of perilesional edema (rCBF-PE) had good diagnostic performance for discriminating non-neoplastic from neoplastic lesions, with an AUC of 0.994 and 0.846, respectively. Conclusion: 3D-pCASL may contribute to differentiation of non-neoplastic from neoplastic lesions.

Triple network hypothesis-related disrupted connections in schizophrenia: A spectral dynamic causal modeling analysis with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

OBJECTIVE: The symptom-related neurobiology characteristic of schizophrenia in the brain from a network perspective is still poorly understood, leading to a lack of potential biologically-based markers and difficulty identifying therapeutic targets. We aim to test the dysregulated cross-network interactions among the Salience Network (SN), Central Executive Network (CEN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) and how they contributed to different symptoms in schizophrenia patients. METHODS: We examined network interactions among the SN, CEN and DMN in 76 patients with schizophrenia vs. 80 well-matched controls using dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We further analyzed the relation between network dynamics and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: We observed that the DMN, CEN and SN across healthy controls and schizophrenia patients showed several similarities within or between-network pattern in the resting state. Comparing schizophrenia to controls, SN-centered cross-network interactions were most significantly reduced. Crucially, the strength of connections from CEN subnetwork 1 to DMN subnetwork 1 was positively correlated with the Positive Score of PANSS. The connection from the DMN subnetwork 2 to CEN subnetwork 2 was negatively correlated with the Negative Score of PANSS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides strong evidence for the dysregulation among SN, CEN and DMN in a triple-network perspective in schizophrenia. The connection between DMN and CEN could be clinically-relevant neurobiological signature of schizophrenia symptoms. Our study indicated that the description of brain triple network hypothesis could be a novel and possible bio-marker for schizophrenia.

Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction of first-episode schizophrenia and the alteration of brain age after early medication.

BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging- and machine-learning-based brain-age prediction of schizophrenia is well established. However, the diagnostic significance and the effect of early medication on first-episode schizophrenia remains unclear. AIMS: To explore whether predicted brain age can be used as a biomarker for schizophrenia diagnosis, and the relationship between clinical characteristics and brain-predicted age difference (PAD), and the effects of early medication on predicted brain age. METHOD: The predicted model was built on 523 diffusion tensor imaging magnetic resonance imaging scans from healthy controls. First, the brain-PAD of 60 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 60 healthy controls and 21 follow-up patients from the principal data-set and 40 pairs of individuals in the replication data-set were calculated. Next, the brain-PAD between groups were compared and the correlations between brain-PAD and clinical measurements were analysed. RESULTS: The patients showed a significant increase in brain-PAD compared with healthy controls. After early medication, the brain-PAD of patients decreased significantly compared with baseline (P < 0.001). The fractional anisotropy value of 31/33 white matter tract features, which related to the brain-PAD scores, had significantly statistical differences before and after measurements (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Correlation analysis showed that the age gap was negatively associated with the positive score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in the principal data-set (r = -0.326, P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: The brain age of patients with first-episode schizophrenia may be older than their chronological age. Early medication holds promise for improving the patient's brain ageing. Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction can provide novel insights into the understanding of schizophrenia.

Grading of Glioma: combined diagnostic value of amide proton transfer weighted, arterial spin labeling and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the ability of amide proton transfer (APT) weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and the combination for differentiating high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS: Twenty-seven patients including nine LGGs and eighteen HGGs underwent conventional, APT, ASL and DWI MRI with a 3.0-T MR scanner. Histogram analyses was performed and quantitative parameters including mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC mean), 20th-percentile ADC (ADC 20th), mean APT (APT mean), 90th-percentile APT (APT 90th), relative mean cerebral blood flow (rCBF mean) and relative 90th-percentile CBF (rCBF 90th) were compared between HGGs and LGGs. The diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of each parameter and their combination. Correlations were analyzed among the MRI parameters and Ki-67. RESULTS: The APT values were significantly higher in the HGGs compared to the LGGs (p <  0.005), whereas ADC values were significantly lower in HGGs than LGGs (P <  0.0001). The ADC 20th and APT mean had higher discrimination abilities compared with other single parameters, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.877 and 0.840. Adding ADC parameter, the discrimination ability of APT and rCBF significantly improved. The ADC was negatively correlated with the APT and rCBF value, respectively, while APT value was positively correlated with rCBF value. Significant correlations between ADC values and Ki-67 were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: APT and DWI are valuable in differentiating HGGs from LGGs. The combination of APT, DWI and ASL imaging could improve the ability for discriminating HGGs from LGGs.

MRI-based radiomics nomogram may predict the response to induction chemotherapy and survival in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To establish and validate a radiomics nomogram for prediction of induction chemotherapy (IC) response and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three NPC patients (100 in training and 23 in validation cohort) with multi-MR images were enrolled. A radiomics nomogram was established by integrating the clinical data and radiomics signature generated by support vector machine. RESULTS: The radiomics signature consisting of 19 selected features from the joint T1-weighted (T1-WI), T2-weighted (T2-WI), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI images (T1-C) showed good prognostic performance in terms of evaluating IC response in two cohorts. The radiomics nomogram established by integrating the radiomics signature with clinical data outperformed clinical nomogram alone (C-index in validation cohort, 0.863 vs 0.549; p < 0.01). Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical utility of the radiomics nomogram. Survival analysis showed that IC responders had significant better PFS (progression-free survival) than non-responders (3-year PFS 84.81% vs 39.75%, p < 0.001). Low-risk groups defined by radiomics signature had significant better PFS than high-risk groups (3-year PFS 76.24% vs 48.04%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multiparametric MRI-based radiomics could be helpful for personalized risk stratification and treatment in NPC patients receiving IC. KEY POINTS: • MRI Radiomics can predict IC response and survival in non-endemic NPC. • Radiomics signature in combination with clinical data showed excellent predictive performance. • Radiomics signature could separate patients into two groups with different prognosis.

Voxel-based morphometry results in first-episode schizophrenia: a comparison of publicly available software packages.

Investigations of brain structure in schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have identified variations in regional grey matter (GM) volume throughout the brain but the results are mixed. This study aims to investigate whether the inconsistent voxel-based morphometry (VBM) findings in schizophrenia are due to the use of different software packages. T1 MRI images were obtained from 86 first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ) patients and 86 age- and gender-matched Healthy controls (HCs). VBM analysis was carried out using FMRIB software library (FSL) 5.0 and statistical parametric mapping 8 (SPM8). All images were processed using the default parameter settings as provided by these software packages. FSL-VBM revealed widespread GM volume reductions in FESZ patients compared with HCs, however, for SPM-VBM, only increased and circumscribed GM volume changes were found, both software revealed increased GM volume within cerebellum. Significant correlations between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and GM volume were mainly found in frontal regions. Algorithms of GM tissue segmentation, image registration and statistical strategies might contribute to these disparate results.

Photobiomodulation by diffusing optical fiber on spinal cord: A feasibility study in piglet model.

Previous studies on spinal cord injury (SCI) have confirmed that percutaneous photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can ameliorate immunoinflammatory responses at sites of injury, accelerate nerve regeneration, suppress glial scar formation and promote the subsequent recovery of locomotor function. The current study was performed to evaluate a large-animal model employing implanted optical fibers to accurately irradiate targeted spinal segments. The method's feasibility and irradiation parameters that do not cause phototoxic reaction were determined, and the methodology of irradiating the spinal cord with near-infrared light was investigated in detail. A diffusing optical fiber was implanted above the T9 spinal cord of Bama miniature pigs and used to transfer near-infrared light (810 nm) onto the spinal cord surface. After daily irradiation with 200, 300, 500 or 1000 mW for 14 days, both sides of the irradiated area of the spinal cord were assessed for temperature changes. The condition of the spinal cord and the position of optical fiber were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and different parameters indicating temperature increases or phototoxicity were measured on the normal spinal cord surface due to light irradiation (ie, heat shock responses, inflammatory reactions and neuronal apoptosis), and the animals' lower-limb neurological function and gait were assessed during the irradiation process. The implanted device was stable inside the freely moving animals, and light energy could be directly projected onto the spinal cord surface. The screening of different irradiation parameters preliminary showed that direct irradiation onto the spinal cord surface at 200 and 300 mW did not significantly increase the temperature, stress responses, inflammatory reactions and neural apoptosis, whereas irradiation at 500 mW slightly increased these parameters, and irradiation at 1000 mW induced a significant temperature increase, heat shock, inflammation and apoptosis responses. HE staining of spinal cord tissue sections did not reveal any significant structural changes of the tissues compared to the control group, and the neurological function and gait of all irradiated animals were normal. In this study, we established an in-vivo optical fiber implantation method, which might be safe and stable and could be used to directly project light energy onto the spinal cord surface. This study might provide a new perspective for clinical applications of PBM in acute SCI.

PlGF signaling and macrophage repolarization contribute to the anti-neoplastic effect of metformin.

Placental growth factor (PlGF) related signaling pathway has been shown to have close relationship with the progression of cancers. Metformin has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on PlGF expression in a breast cancer model. However, little is known about whether the anti-neoplastic activity of metformin is contributed by its inhibitory effect on PlGF expression. Protein, mRNA and secretion levels of PlGF were tested and the proliferation of cancer cells was determined. After treatment of metformin, BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors were sacrificed and immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor sections was obtained. Baseline expression of autocrine PlGF varied between different breast cancer cell lines, while the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) was comparable between cell lines. Other clinical data showed that the expression of PlGF other than VEGFR-1 had a prognostic value for patients with breast cancers. Metformin significantly decreased the secretion and mRNA levels of PlGF, which greatly contributed to its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells with high P1GF expression. The unresponsiveness of tumor cells with low PlGF expression to genetic silencing was reversed by the supplementation of exogenous PlGF. Systemic metformin administration apparently inhibited the in vivo growth of 4T1 carcinoma, which was accompanied by the repolarization of macrophages from M2 to M1. These findings indicated that both autocrine and paracrine PlGF signaling and macrophage repolarization are involved in the progression of breast cancer, which could be targeted by metformin.

Gray matter volume changes following antipsychotic therapy in first-episode schizophrenia patients: A longitudinal voxel-based morphometric study.

Despite evidence of structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, the current study aimed to explore the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gray matter (GM) volume using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate the relationship between brain structure and treatment response. The GM volumes of 33 patients with first-episode schizophrenia were calculated with voxel-based morphometry (VBM), with 33 matched healthy controls. Longitudinal volume changes within subjects after 4-month antipsychotic treatment were also evaluated. Correlation between volumetric changes and clinical symptoms derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were further investigated. Compared with healthy controls, decreased GM volumes in the frontal gyrus were observed in schizophrenia patients. After 4-month treatment, patients showed significantly decreased GM volume primarily in the bilateral frontal, temporal and left parietal brain regions. In addition, the GM volume changes of the left postcentral gyrus was positively correlated with negative symptoms improvement, and the correlation analysis revealed the total PANSS scores changes were associated with GM volume changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus. Besides, non-responders had reduced GM volume in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus compared with responders and healthy controls. Our results suggest that the abnormality in the right frontal gyrus exists in the early stage of schizophrenia. Moreover, the relationship between antipsychotics and structural changes was identified. The GM volume might have the potential to reflect the symptom improvement in schizophrenia patients. And MRI may assist in predicting the antipsychotic treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia patients.

Differentiation of primary central nervous system lymphoma from high-grade glioma and brain metastasis using arterial spin labeling and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sometimes difficult to distinguish primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from other malignant brain tumors effectively. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-derived permeability parameters to differentiate PCNSL from high-grade glioma (HGG) and brain metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with PCNSL, twenty one patients with HGG and six brain metastasis underwent preoperative 3.0-T MR imaging including conventional, ASL and DCE. Quantitative parameters including relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve) and the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) among PCNSL, HGG and metastasis were compared with a one-way analysis of variance. In addition, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was constructed to evaluate the differentiation diagnostic performance of each parameter and the combination. RESULTS: The PCNSL demonstrated significantly lower rCBF, higher Ktrans and Ve compared with HGG and metastasis. For the ROC analyses, both Ktrans and rCBF had good diagnostic performance for discriminating PCNSL from HGG and metastasis, with the AUC of 0.880 and 0.889. With the combination of rCBF and Ktrans, the diagnostic ability for PCNSL was improved with AUC of 0.986. CONCLUSION: rCBF and Ktrans are useful parameters for differentiating PCNSL from HGG and brain metastasis. The combination of rCBF and Ktrans further helps to improve the diagnostic performance of PCNSL.

Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is benefit for advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma with different nonkeratinizing carcinoma subtypes.

Given the potentially distinctive histological variations in northwest of China, the aim of current study was to compare the efficacy of induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (IC + CCRT) with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with different histological types. A total of 301 patients were included in this study. Patients were classified in two cohorts according to the 2005 WHO World Health Organization histological classification: WHO type IIa group and WHO type IIb group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to detect the efficacy between IC + CCRT and CCRT in two WHO types cohorts. Propensity score matching method was adopted to balance the baseline covariate and eliminate potential selection bias. On propensity matched analyses, IC + CCRT was found to produce better 3-year DMFS and OS than CCRT in WHO type IIa cohort (DMFS, 76.2% vs. 42.2%, p = 0.029; OS, 78.3% vs. 65.5%, p = 0.027). For WHO type IIb cohort, IC + CCRT was associated with a better 3-year OS (87.4% vs. 77.9%, p = 0.029) and a trend of better 3-year DMFS (85.9% vs. 76%, p = 0.162) compared with CCRT. IC + CCRT was benefit for advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma with different nonkeratinizing carcinoma subtypes.

Noninvasively evaluating the grading and IDH1 mutation status of diffuse gliomas by three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and diffusion-weighted imaging.

PURPOSE: To noninvasively evaluate the value of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D pCASL) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diffuse gliomas grading as well as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 mutation status. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with pathologically confirmed diffuse gliomas with preoperative 3D pCASL and DWI were enrolled in this study. The Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate differences in parameters of DWI and 3D pCASL between low and high grade as well as between mutant and wild-type IDH1 diffuse gliomas; receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance. Subsequently, a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent parameters. Besides, Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to examine the differences among grades II, III, and IV diffuse gliomas. RESULTS: All parameters but CBFmean showed significant differences between low- and high-grade diffuse gliomas. In ROC analysis, the AUC of CBFmax, rCBFmean, rCBFmax, ADCmean, and ADCmin were 0.701, 0.730, 0.746, 0.810, and 0.856 respectively. Only the value of ADCmin was identified as the independent parameter in the differentiation of low- from high-grade diffuse gliomas. All parameters but CBFmean showed significant differences among the three grades. And the values of CBFmean, CBFmax, rCBFmean, and ADCmean showed significant differences between mutant and wild-type IDH1 in grade II-III astrocytoma. CONCLUSION: Both 3D pCASL and DWI could be useful tools for distinguishing low- from high-grade diffuse gliomas and have the potential to differentiate different IDH1 mutation statuses of astrocytoma.

Intracranial meningeal hemangiopericytoma: Recurrences at the initial and distant intracranial sites and extraneural metastases to multiple organs.

Regardless of the controversial pathogenesis, intracranial meningeal hemangiopericytoma (M-HPC) is a rare, highly cellular and vascularized mesenchymal tumor that is characterized by a high tendency for recurrence and extraneural metastasis, despite radical excision and postoperative radiotherapy. M-HPC shares similar clinical manifestations and radiological findings with meningioma, which causes difficulty in differentiation of this entity from those prognostically favorable mimics prior to surgery. Treatment of M-HPC, particularly in metastatic settings, remains a challenge. A case is described of primary M-HPC with recurrence at the initial and distant intracranial sites and extraneural multiple-organ metastases in a 36-year-old female. The metastasis of M-HPC was extremely extensive, and to the best of our knowledge this is the first case of M-HPC with delayed metastasis to the bilateral kidneys. The data suggests that preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging could provide certain diagnostic clues and useful information for more optimal treatment planning. The results may imply that novel drugs, such as temozolomide and bevacizumab, as a component of multimodality therapy of M-HPC may deserve further investigation.

Magnetic resonance characteristics of adult-onset Lhermitte-Duclos disease: An indicator for active cancer surveillance?

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare, non-cancerous entity characterized by enlarged, abnormally developed cerebellar folia containing dysplastic cells. Symptomatic LDD is commonly observed in adults (adult-onset LDD, aLDD) as an isolated condition or associated with Cowden's disease (CD). The present study aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and the underlying pathological findings in 7 cases of aLDD, with emphasis on the association with CD and the need for active cancer surveillance once the diagnosis of LDD is confirmed. The MRI findings along with the clinical and histopathological data collected from 7 patients with aLDD were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of CD was based on a range of clinical characteristics, according to the International Cowden Consortium Criteria. A thorough review of the published data was conducted and our results indicated that all 7 cases shared similar MRI characteristics, whether the aLDD was sporadic (2 cases) or associated with CD (5 cases), including a highly typical non-enhancing striated MRI appearance of thickened folia, consisting of alternating bands on T1- and T2-weighted images. On gross examination, the involved cerebellar folia were distorted and enlarged, whereas the histopathological examination revealed that the molecular layer was widened and occupied by abnormal ganglion cells. Moreover, a reduction in the number or absence of the Purkinje cells and hypertrophy of the granular cell layer were observed. Our findings were consistent with the diagnosis of LDD. Variable levels of vacuolization of the white matter and the molecular layer were observed in all the cases. Notably, CD34 immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of angiogenesis within the lesions. aLDD associated with CD exhibited no pathological or immunohistochemical characteristics that were distinct from those of isolated aLDD. Of the 7 cases of aLDD, 5 presented with symptoms suggestive of CD, which is a syndrome associated with a high risk of multiple benign and malignant neoplasms. In conclusion, aLDD exhibits characteristic MRI and histopathological findings and displays a strong association with CD. Therefore, we recommend that the MRI diagnosis of aLDD triggers active cancer surveillance and preventive care.

Preparation of cobalt-tetraphenylporphyrin/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite and its application on hydrogen peroxide biosensor.

A novel cobalt-tetraphenylporphyrin/reduced graphene oxide (CoTPP/RGO) nanocomposite was prepared by a π-π stacking interaction and characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CoTPP/RGO nanocomposite exhibited high electrocatalytic activity both for oxidation and reduction of H2O2. The current response was linear to H2O2 concentration with the concentration range from 1.0×10(-7) to 2.4×10(-3)molL(-1) (R=0.998) at the reductive potential of -0.20V and from 1.0×10(-7) to 4.6×10(-4)molL(-1) (R=0.996) at the oxidative potential of +0.50V. The H2O2 biosensor showed good anti-interfering ability towards oxidative interferences at the oxidative potential of +0.50V and good anti-interfering ability towards reductive interferences at the reductive potential of -0.20V.