Overview of cloning in lactic acid bacteria: Expression and its application of probiotic potential in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) imposes a significant impact on the quality of life for affected individuals. However, there was a current lack of a systematic summary regarding the latest epidemic trends and the underlying pathogenesis of IBD. This highlights the need for a thorough examination of both the epidemiological aspects of IBD and the specific mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) contribute to mitigating this condition. In developed countries, higher incidences and death rates of IBD have been observed, influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. LAB offer significant advantages and substantial potential for enhancing IBD treatment. LAB's capabilities include the production of bioactive metabolites, regulation of gut immunity, protection of intestinal mechanical barriers, inhibition of oxidative damage, and restoration of imbalanced gut microbiota. The review suggests that screening effective LAB using cell models and metabolites, optimizing LAB intake through dose-effect studies, enhancing utilization through nanoencapsulation and microencapsulation, investigating mechanisms to deepen the understanding of LAB, and refining clinical study designs. These efforts aim to contribute to comprehending the epidemic trend, pathogenesis, and treatment of IBD, ultimately fostering the development of targeted therapeutic products, such as LAB-based interventions.

Cellulolytic bacteria isolation, screening and optimization of enzyme production from vermicompost of paper cup waste.

In the current scenario, used paper cups are disposed of without any proper treatment, thereby damaging the environment. Hence, the vermicomposting technique is preferred for managing these wastes. The ability of bacterial strains on cellulase enzyme (Endoglucanase, exoglucanase and ß-glucosidase) production at altered pH and temperatures were focused in this study. Among nine bacterial strains Acinetobacter baumannii was found to have high enzyme activity. HPLC analysis confirms that about 45% of cellulose degradation occurred due to the action of bacterial consortia at 37 °C with pH 7. The overall period required for degradation takes only three months with the help of bacterial consortia while comparing to our previous study, which takes six months. The insilico study on three cellulose-degrading enzymes sequence were retrieved from NCBI, and analysed for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction. From the analysis, the endoglucanase SVK46152 (Acinetobacter baumannii) sequence got docked with cellopentaose with a high score value -11.07. Thereby we confirm that organism Acinetobacter baumannii was effective in paper cup degradation.

Screening of assimilatory and dissimilatory denitrifying microbes isolated from nitrate-contaminated water and soil.

Nitrate NO(3)(-) contamination of groundwater resources is a serious problem. Such contamination in drinking water is regulated by environmental agencies around the world since at higher concentrations it can cause several health problems in infants. The aim of the present study was to identify the efficiency of the bacterial species isolated from nitrate-contaminated water and soil samples collected from Erode, Salem, Dharmapuri, and Krishnagiri districts of Tamilnadu, India. There are 74 morphologically different bacterial species were isolated and evaluated by a dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reduction test. Among the isolates, DW-27, DS-29, DS-31, DS-45, DS-46, and DS-47 were found to be potential dissimilatory and EW-6, ES-15, DS-39, DS-41, DS-48, DS-55, and SW-59 were potential assimilatory nitrate reducers. The results of bacterial analysis revealed that the isolated nitrate-reducing bacteria belonged to the genera Bacillus (64%) and Corynebacterium (22%), family Enterobacteriaceae (11%), and genus Alcaligenes (3%). This observation has led to the conclusion that these bacterial species showed efficiency of nitrate removal.