An assessment of the relation between vitamin D levels and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes in migraine patients.

BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated vitamin D therapy in migraine patients with vitamin D deficiency and EEG abnormality. METHODS: 140 patients were divided into four groups: Group A; normal vitamin D and EEG, Group B; low vitamin D and normal EEG, Group C; normal vitamin D and pathological EEG, and Group D; low vitamin D and pathological EEG. Patients with low vitamin D received vitamin D therapy. RESULTS: Paediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS) scores and median attack frequencies time-dependent changes in the patients receiving vitamin D therapy in Group B were significant (p 0.05). Interictal EEG was pathological in 41 (29.3 %) patients. The main EEG findings were focal/hemispheric spike/sharp wave activity at 9.3 %, bilateral/generalized spike/sharp wave activity at 8.6 %, focal slowing at 5.8 %, and bilateral slow-wave activity/background rhythm irregularity at 3.6 %. Changes in EEG findings in between the groups C and D were not significant (p >0.05). There was no significant association between vitamin D levels 0.05). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D therapy positively affects attack frequency and PedMIDAS scores in migraine patients with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. No association was determined between EEG findings and vitamin D levels or therapy (Tab. 6, Ref. 35).

Diagnosis of intracranial calcification and hemorrhage in pediatric patients: Comparison of quantitative susceptibility mapping and phase images of susceptibility-weighted imaging.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the diagnostic capabilities of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with those of phase images of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the detection and differentiation of intracranial calcification and hemorrhage in pediatric patients. METHOD: Sixteen pediatric patients (9 girls, 7 boys) with a mean age of 9.4±6.3 (SD) years (range, 6 days-15 years) were included. Fifty-nine calcifications and 31 hemorrhages were detected. Sensitivities and specificities of the two magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques were calculated and compared using McNemar test. RESULTS: QSM had a sensitivity of 84.7% and specificity of 100% for the detection of calcification. SWI phase images had a sensitivity of 49.1% and specificity of 100%. For the detection of hemorrhage, QSM had a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 98.3% whereas SWI phase images yielded a sensitivity of 64.5% and specificity of 96.6%. Overall, QSM displayed significantly better sensitivity than SWI phase images in identification of calcification and hemorrhage (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: QSM is more reliable than SWI phase images in the identification of intracranial calcification and hemorrhage in pediatric patients using MR imaging.