Effects of Complex Fertilizers on the Properties of Grey Forest Heavy Loamy Soil.

The study's main aim was to evaluate the effects of complex mineral fertilizers on the complex properties of heavy loam soils in the grey forests of Russia in terms of applying individual soil nutrition components from experiments with fodder beets. This study employed a rigorous and systematic approach to accomplish the defined goal. Specifically, the research was conducted within a seven-field crop rotation system, with fodder beets serving as the primary experimental crop. In addition, a model experiment resembling a vegetation trial was undertaken, incorporating seven distinct schemes involving various types of fertilizers. This design facilitated the evaluation of the effectiveness of each fertilizer type. The study results demonstrate that complex fertilizers impact the soil's chemical and biophysical parameters. Soil acidity decreases through the use of complex, high-nitrogen fertilizers. Major chemical nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in plant biomass and soil also have a high degree of transition. It is explained by the effects of combining elements on the destruction intensity of the crystalline lattice in the basic structures of potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. There is also evidence that complex fertilizers can improve humus quality and replenish its reserves. All the aforementioned impacts of complex fertilizers on the crop contribute to the high productivity and yield of forage beet. The results of the study may help optimize the fertilization process, improve the quality and quantity of agricultural products, as well as increase soil fertility, and reduce the negative impact of agrochemicals on the environment.

Optimal Hydrothermal Treatment of Sesame Seeds to Retain Most of the Nutrients.

Sesame oil is an important source of nutrients. Thus, there is a need to develop new technologies, which preserve the integrity of these substances in processed oil. The aim of the study was to outline the optimal hydrothermal treatment of sesame seeds, which would enable preserving its therapeutic properties. White sesame seeds were used as raw materials. They were treated with infrared radiation (900 watts per 1 m2), followed by hydrothermal treatment. Infrared treatment decreased the seed moisture content of 10-16% by 1.5-2.0 times. A range of important compounds was preserved after treatment, such as fatty acids (ranging from 5 to 45%, depending on the type of compound). The following fatty acids were found in the oil composition: linoleic (40-43%), palmitic (7%), stearic (5%), and oleic (43-45%). In addition, vitamin E was found (130 mg per 100 g). The oil can be stored for long periods as it contains trace amounts of water and dissolved oxygen.