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Antibody discovery processes are continually advancing, with an ever-increasing number of potential binding sequences being identified out of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico sources. In this work we describe a rapid system for high yield recombinant antibody (IgG and Fab) expression using Gibson assembled linear DNA fragments (GLFs). The purified recombinant antibody yields from 1 ml expression for this process are approximately five to ten-fold higher than previous methods, largely due to novel usage of protecting flanking sequences on the 5' and 3' ends of the GLF. This method is adaptable for small scale (1 ml) expression and purification for rapid evaluation of binding and activity, in addition to larger scales (30 ml) for more sensitive assays requiring milligram quantities of antibody purified over two columns (Protein A and size exclusion chromatography). When compared to plasmid-based expression, these methods provide nearly equivalent yield of high-quality material across multiple applications, allowing for reduced costs and turnaround times to enhance the antibody discovery process.
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Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas , Imunoglobulina G , Proteínas Recombinantes , Imunoglobulina G/genética , Imunoglobulina G/química , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/genética , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/biossíntese , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/química , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Anticorpos/genética , Anticorpos/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Traditional pain management pathways following craniotomy are predicated on opioids. However, narcotics can confound critical neurological examination, contribute to respiratory depression, lower the seizure threshold, and lead to medication habituation, dependence, and/or abuse. Alternative medications to better address postoperative pain while mitigating opioid-related adverse effects remain insufficiently studied. Preliminary studies suggest sumatriptan, a 5-HT (1B/1D) receptor agonist known to regulate dural vasoactivity and inflammation, may moderate pain following trigeminal microvascular decompression and chronic postcraniotomy headache. In this study, the authors evaluated the efficacy of sumatriptan to modulate pain and opioid requirements following craniotomy surgery. METHODS: This was a single academic center, retrospective cohort study of 300 consecutive adult patients who underwent elective craniotomy surgery between 2015 and 2022. Patients were equally divided between a control and a sumatriptan cohort contingent upon administration of 6 mg of subcutaneous sumatriptan within 1 hour of surgery completion and prior to opioid administration. Postoperative opioid consumption at 6, 12, and 24 hours, as well as admission total, inpatient length of stay, and 30-day global reevaluation, were assessed. RESULTS: Three hundred patients were included for analysis. Significant differences were seen in baseline hypertension (p < 0.01), hyperlipemia (p < 0.01), anxiety (p = 0.04), and operative time (p = 0.02). A significant reduction of mean postoperative pain scores at 12 (p = 0.03) and 24 (p < 0.01) hours and total opioid consumption (p = 0.04) was observed in the sumatriptan cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly lower postoperative pain scores at 6 (p = 0.05), 12 (p < 0.01), and 24 (p < 0.01) hours in patients who underwent burr hole placement in the sumatriptan cohort as compared with controls; however, no significant difference in opioid consumption was noted. No adverse events related to sumatriptan administration were noted throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative single-dose subcutaneous sumatriptan following elective craniotomy may reduce pain scores and opioid requirements. Additional studies are needed to better understand nuanced differences in opioid modulation and optimal patient selection.
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OBJECTIVES: Parental interpartner conflict is a highly prevalent form of family risk that is stressful for adolescents with ramifications for their sleep. Multiple studies have demonstrated that adolescents from high-conflict homes are at risk for sleep problems. Building on this literature, we conducted novel analyses and investigated whether exposure to interpartner conflict in adolescence predicts sleep problems in the subsequent developmental period of emerging adulthood. METHODS: We used a rigorous four-wave design spanning 8years (collected between 2012-2020). At wave 1, participants were 245 adolescents from diverse backgrounds (M age=15.74years; 67% White/European American, 33% Black/African American; 52% girls). Individuals participated again in their adolescence at wave 2 (M age=16.77) and wave 3 (M age=17.69). Participants returned for wave 4 in emerging adulthood (M age=22.97). Adolescents reported on their parents' interpartner conflict (intense and frequent conflict). Sleep duration (minutes) and quality (efficiency, long wake episodes) were measured using actigraphy. RESULTS: After controlling for autoregressive effects and several covariates, findings from a structural equation model revealed that greater exposure to parental interpartner conflict in adolescence predicted reduced sleep efficiency and more long wake episodes in emerging adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Results build on the literature to consider sleep in the family context and are among the first to illustrate that exposure to parental interpartner conflict in adolescence predicts sleep problems in emerging adulthood. Continued investigations into the antecedents of sleep problems in emerging adulthood may benefit from considering past exposure to family risk.
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BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence regarding the presence and magnitude of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) following low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (LL+BFR), which may be related to the protocol implemented or exercise volume. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of a 75 repetition (BFR-75) (1×30, 3×15) and four sets to volitional failure (BFR-4x) protocols on indices of EIMD among untrained men. METHODS: Twelve males with no history of lower-body resistance training during the previous six months volunteered for this investigation. One leg was randomly assigned to BFR-75, and the other to BFR-4x. Participants performed isokinetic, unilateral, concentric-eccentric, leg extension muscle actions at 30% of maximal strength with BFR. Indices of EIMD (limb circumference, perceived muscle soreness, pain pressure threshold [PPT], passive range of motion, and maximal strength [MVIC]) were recorded before exercise and 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96-hours post-exercise for each protocol. RESULTS: There were no significant changes (P>0.05) in limb circumference, PPT, passive range of motion, or MVIC. For both BFR-75 and BFR-4x, perceived muscle soreness increased (P<0.001) similarly 24- (2.5±1.7 AU) and 48-hours (1.9±1.7 AU) post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in muscle soreness 24-48 hours post-exercise for both conditions, which may be due to metabolic stress, but this did not affect the force-generating capacity of the muscle (MVIC), suggesting minimal EIMD. The conflicting evidence of EIMD following LL+BFR may be related to differences in restriction time or overall exercise time.
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We describe a sensitive and efficient workflow for label-free single-cell proteomics that spans sample preparation, liquid chromatography separations, and mass spectrometry data acquisition. The Tecan Uno Single Cell Dispenser provides rapid cell isolation and nanoliter-volume reagent dispensing within 384-well PCR plates. A newly developed sample processing workflow achieves cell lysis, protein denaturation, and digestion in 1 h with a single reagent dispensing step. Low-flow liquid chromatography coupled with wide-window data-dependent acquisition results in the quantification of nearly 3000 proteins per cell using an Orbitrap Exploris 480 mass spectrometer. This approach greatly broadens accessibility to sensitive single-cell proteome profiling for nonspecialist laboratories.
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Proteômica , Análise de Célula Única , Proteômica/métodos , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Humanos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Proteoma/análise , Proteínas/análise , Proteínas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Peptide separations that combine high sensitivity, robustness, peak capacity, and throughput are essential for extending bottom-up proteomics to smaller samples including single cells. To this end, we have developed a multicolumn nanoLC system with offline gradient generation. One binary pump generates gradients in an accelerated fashion to support multiple analytical columns, and a single trap column interfaces with all analytical columns to reduce required maintenance and simplify troubleshooting. A high degree of parallelization is possible, as one sample undergoes separation while the next sample plus its corresponding mobile phase gradient are transferred into the storage loop and a third sample is loaded into a sample loop. Selective offline elution from the trap column into the sample loop prevents salts and hydrophobic species from entering the analytical column, thus greatly enhancing column lifetime and system robustness. With this design, samples can be analyzed as fast as every 20 min at a flow rate of just 40 nL/min with close to 100% MS utilization time and continuously for as long as several months without column replacement. We utilized the system to analyze the proteomes of single cells from a multiple myeloma cell line upon treatment with the immunomodulatory imide drug lenalidomide.
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Proteoma , Análise de Célula Única , Humanos , Proteoma/análise , Nanotecnologia , Proteômica/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Lenalidomida/farmacologia , Talidomida/farmacologia , Talidomida/análogos & derivados , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismoRESUMO
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite widespread intradermal (ID) BCG vaccination in newborns. We previously demonstrated that changing the route and dose of BCG vaccination from 5×105 CFU ID to 5×107 CFU intravenous (IV) resulted in prevention of infection and disease in a rigorous, highly susceptible non-human primate model of TB. Identifying the immune mechanisms of protection for IV BCG will facilitate development of more effective vaccines against TB. Here, we depleted select lymphocyte subsets in IV BCG vaccinated macaques prior to Mtb challenge to determine the cell types necessary for that protection. Depletion of CD4 T cells or all CD8α expressing lymphoycytes (both innate and adaptive) resulted in loss of protection in most macaques, concomitant with increased bacterial burdens (~4-5 log10 thoracic CFU) and dissemination of infection. In contrast, depletion of only adaptive CD8αß+ T cells did not significantly reduce protection against disease. Our results demonstrate that CD4 T cells and innate CD8α+ lymphocytes are critical for IV BCG-induced protection, supporting investigation of how eliciting these cells and their functions can improve future TB vaccines.
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Predation by invasive species can threaten local ecosystems and economies. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas), one of the most widespread marine invasive species, is an effective predator associated with clam and crab population declines outside of its native range. In the U.S. Pacific Northwest, green crab has recently increased in abundance and expanded its distribution, generating concern for estuarine ecosystems and associated aquaculture production. However, regionally-specific information on the trophic impacts of invasive green crab is very limited. We compared the stomach contents of green crabs collected on clam aquaculture beds versus intertidal sloughs in Willapa Bay, Washington, to provide the first in-depth description of European green crab diet at a particularly crucial time for regional management. We first identified putative prey items using DNA metabarcoding of stomach content samples. We compared diet composition across sites using prey presence/absence and an index of species-specific relative abundance. For eight prey species, we also calibrated metabarcoding data to quantitatively compare DNA abundance between prey taxa, and to describe an 'average' green crab diet at an intertidal slough versus a clam aquaculture bed. From the stomach contents of 61 green crabs, we identified 54 unique taxa belonging to nine phyla. The stomach contents of crabs collected from clam aquaculture beds were significantly different from the stomach contents of crabs collected at intertidal sloughs. Across all sites, arthropods were the most frequently detected prey, with the native hairy shore crab (Hemigrapsus oregonensis) the single most common prey item. Of the eight species calibrated with a quantitative model, two ecologically-important native species-the sand shrimp (Crangon franciscorum) and the Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus)-had the highest average DNA abundance when detected in a stomach content sample. In addition to providing timely information on green crab diet, our research demonstrates the novel application of a recently developed model for more quantitative DNA metabarcoding. This represents another step in the ongoing evolution of DNA-based diet analysis towards producing the quantitative data necessary for modeling invasive species impacts.
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Braquiúros , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Estuários , Espécies Introduzidas , Comportamento Predatório , Animais , Braquiúros/genética , Braquiúros/fisiologia , Washington , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal/química , Bivalves/genética , Ecossistema , Cadeia AlimentarRESUMO
Single-cell proteomics is a powerful approach to precisely profile protein landscapes within individual cells toward a comprehensive understanding of proteomic functions and tissue and cellular states. The inherent challenges associated with limited starting material demand heightened analytical sensitivity. Just as advances in sample preparation maximize the amount of material that makes it from the cell to the mass spectrometer, we strive to maximize the number of ions that make it from ion source to the detector. In isobaric tagging experiments, limited reporter ion generation limits quantitative accuracy and precision. The combination of infrared photoactivation and ion parking circumvents the m/z dependence inherent in HCD, maximizing reporter generation and avoiding unintended degradation of TMT reporter molecules in infrared-tandem mass tags (IR-TMT). The method was applied to single-cell human proteomes using 18-plex TMTpro, resulting in 4-5-fold increases in reporter signal compared to conventional SPS-MS3 approaches. IR-TMT enables faster duty cycles, higher throughput, and increased peptide identification and quantification. Comparative experiments showcase 4-5-fold lower injection times for IR-TMT, providing superior sensitivity without compromising accuracy. In all, IR-TMT enhances the dynamic range of proteomic experiments and is compatible with gas-phase fractionation and real-time searching, promising increased gains in the study of cellular heterogeneity.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have demonstrated increased risk of adjacent segment disease (ASD) after open fusion with adjacent-level laminectomy, with rates ranging from 16%-47%, potentially related to disruption of the posterior ligamentous complex. Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches may offer a more durable result. We report institutional outcomes of simultaneous MIS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MISTLIF) and adjacent-level laminectomy for patients with low grade spondylolisthesis and ASD. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent MISTLIF with adjacent level laminectomy to treat grade I-II spondylolisthesis with adjacent stenosis at a single institution from 2007-2022. RESULTS: A total of 34 patients met criteria, with mean follow-up of 23.1 months. In total, 37 levels were fused and 45 laminectomies performed. In this group, 21 patients received a single level laminectomy and single-level MISTLIF, 10 patients received a 2-level laminectomy and single-level MISTLIF, 2 patients received a single-level laminectomy and 2-level MISTLIF, and 1 patient received a 2-level laminectomy and 2-level MISTLIF. Three (8.8%) patients experienced clinically significant postoperative ASD requiring reoperation. Three other patients required reoperation for other reasons. Multiple logistic regression did not reveal any association between development of ASD and surgical covariates. CONCLUSION: MISTLIF with adjacent-level laminectomy demonstrated a favorable safety profile with rates of postoperative ASD lower than published rates after open fusion and on par with the published rates of ASD from MISTLIF alone. Future prospective studies may better elucidate the durability of adjacent-level laminectomies when performed alongside MISTLIF, but retrospective data suggests it is safe and durable.
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Laminectomia , Vértebras Lombares , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Fusão Vertebral , Estenose Espinal , Espondilolistese , Humanos , Espondilolistese/cirurgia , Laminectomia/métodos , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Fusão Vertebral/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Masculino , Estenose Espinal/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Adulto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Management of medically refractory limb-specific hypertonia is challenging. Neurosurgical options include deep brain stimulation, intrathecal baclofen, thalamotomy, pallidotomy, or rhizotomy. Cervical dorsal rhizotomy has been successful in the treatment of upper-extremity spasticity. Cervical ventral and cervical ventral-dorsal rhizotomy (VDR) has been used in the treatment or torticollis and traumatic hypertonia; however, the use of cervicothoracic VDR for the treatment of upper-extremity mixed hypertonia is not well described. OBSERVATIONS: A 9-year-old girl with severe quadriplegic mixed hypertonia secondary to cerebral palsy (CP) underwent cervicothoracic VDR. Modified Ashworth Scale scores, provision of caregiving, and examination improved. Treatment was well tolerated. LESSONS: Cervicothoracic VDR can afford symptomatic and quality of life improvement in patients with medically refractory limb hypertonia. Intraoperative positioning and nuances in surgical techniques are particularly important based on spinal cord position as modified by scoliosis. Here, the first successful use of cervicothoracic VDR for the treatment of medically refractory upper-limb hypertonia in a pediatric patient with CP is described.
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BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium xenopi is a common nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) that is slow growing and an infrequent cause of infection. When infections do occur, it is by exposure to contaminated soil or water or to infectious aerosols. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the spine are exceedingly rare. Risk factors can include immunosuppression, particularly human immunodeficiency virus; however, other systemic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been reported. OBSERVATIONS: The authors report a case of cord compression due to M. xenopi vertebral osteomyelitis with an epidural abscess in a patient with SLE on hydroxychloroquine and recent steroid use. The authors explore the presentation of a patient who developed acute neurological deficits concerning for spinal pathology secondary to NTM. Although considered a rare occurrence, patients with autoimmune pathologies are susceptible to infection by unusual organisms. Standard treatment of autoimmune diseases can predispose patients to infection and warrant surgical correction to prevent long-term neurological deficits. LESSONS: There is still much work and research to be done in the exploration and understanding of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, pathophysiology, and treatment in the immunocompetent population and in patients with autoimmune disorders.
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In recent years, single-cell proteomics (SCP) has advanced significantly, enabling the analysis of thousands of proteins within single mammalian cells. This progress is driven by advances in experimental design, with maturing label-free and multiplexed methods, optimized sample preparation, and innovations in separation techniques, including ultra-low-flow nanoLC. These factors collectively contribute to improved sensitivity, throughput, and reproducibility. Cutting-edge mass spectrometry platforms and data acquisition approaches continue to play a critical role in enhancing data quality. Furthermore, the exploration of spatial proteomics with single-cell resolution offers significant promise for understanding cellular interactions, giving rise to various phenotypes. SCP has far-reaching applications in cancer research, biomarker discovery, and developmental biology. Here, we provide a critical review of recent advances in the field of SCP.
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Proteínas , Proteômica , Animais , Proteômica/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Proteoma , MamíferosRESUMO
Nanoflow liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is key to enabling in-depth proteome profiling of trace samples, including single cells, but these separations can lack robustness due to the use of narrow-bore columns that are susceptible to clogging. In the case of single-cell proteomics, offline cleanup steps are generally omitted to avoid losses to additional surfaces, and online solid-phase extraction/trap columns frequently provide the only opportunity to remove salts and insoluble debris before the sample is introduced to the analytical column. Trap columns are traditionally short, packed columns used to load and concentrate analytes at flow rates greater than those employed in analytical columns, and since these first encounter the uncleaned sample mixture, trap columns are also susceptible to clogging. We hypothesized that clogging could be avoided by using large-bore porous layer open tubular trap columns (PLOTrap). The low back pressure ensured that the PLOTraps could also serve as the sample loop, thus allowing sample cleanup and injection with a single 6-port valve. We found that PLOTraps could effectively remove debris to avoid column clogging. We also evaluated multiple stationary phases and PLOTrap diameters to optimize performance in terms of peak widths and sample loading capacities. Optimized PLOTraps were compared to conventional packed trap columns operated in forward and backflush modes, and were found to have similar chromatographic performance of backflushed traps while providing improved debris removal for robust analysis of trace samples.
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Espectrometria de Massa com Cromatografia Líquida , Proteômica , Proteômica/métodos , Cromatografia LíquidaRESUMO
A limitation of conventional bulk-tissue proteome studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the confounding of motor neuron (MN) signals by admixed non-MN proteins. Here, we leverage laser capture microdissection and nanoPOTS single-cell mass spectrometry-based proteomics to query changes in protein expression in single MNs from postmortem ALS and control tissues. In a follow-up analysis, we examine the impact of stratification of MNs based on cytoplasmic transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)+ inclusion pathology on the profiles of 2,238 proteins. We report extensive overlap in differentially abundant proteins identified in ALS MNs with or without overt TDP-43 pathology, suggesting early and sustained dysregulation of cellular respiration, mRNA splicing, translation, and vesicular transport in ALS. Together, these data provide insights into proteome-level changes associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy and begin to demonstrate the utility of pathology-stratified trace sample proteomics for understanding single-cell protein dynamics in human neurologic diseases.
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Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica , Humanos , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Neurônios Motores/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , ProteômicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic condition with a constellation of symptoms presenting as severe and profound fatigue of ≥ 6 months not relieved by rest. ME/CFS affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which can be measured using multi-attribute health state utility (HSU) instruments. The aims of this study were to quantify HSUs for people living with ME/CFS, and to identify an instrument that is preferentially sensitive for ME/CFS. METHODS: Cross-sectional national survey of people with ME/CFS using the AQoL-8D and EQ-5D-5L. Additional questions from the AQoL-8D were used as 'bolt-ons' to the EQ-5D-5L (i.e., EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial). Disability and fatigue severity were assessed using the De Paul Symptom Questionnaire-Short Form (DSQ-SF). HSUs were generated using Australian tariffs. Mean HSUs were stratified for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the three HSU instruments. RESULTS: For the 198 participants, mean HSUs (95% confidence intervals) were EQ-5D-5L: 0.46 (0.42-0.50); AQoL-8D: 0.43 (0.41-0.45); EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial: 0.44 (0.42-0.46). HSUs were substantially lower than population norms: EQ-5D-5L: 0.89; AQoL-8D: 0.77. As disability and fatigue severity increased, HSUs decreased in all three instruments. Bland-Altman plots revealed interchangeability between the AQoL-8D and EQ-5D-5LPsychosocial. Floor and ceiling effects of 13.5% and 2.5% respectively were observed for the EQ-5D-5L instrument only. CONCLUSIONS: ME/CFS has a profound impact on HRQoL. The AQoL-8D and EQ-5D-5L-Psychosocial can be used interchangeably: the latter represents a reduced participant burden.
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Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Austrália , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The piriform cortex (PC) is part of the primary olfactory network in humans. Recent findings suggest that it plays a role in pathophysiology of epilepsy. Therefore, studying its connectivity can further our understanding of seizure propagation in epilepsy. We aimed to explore the structural connectivity of PC using high-quality human connectome project data coupled with segmentation of PC on anatomic MRI. METHODS: Twenty subjects were randomly selected from the human connectome project database, and PC was traced on each hemisphere. Probabilistic whole-brain tractography was then used to visualize PC connectivity. RESULTS: The strongest connectivity was noted between PC and ipsilateral insula in both hemispheres. Specifically, the posterior long gyrus of each insula was predominantly connected to PC. This was followed by connections between PC and basal ganglia as well as orbital frontal cortices. CONCLUSION: The PC has the strongest connectivity with the insula bilaterally. Specifically, the posterior long gyri of insula have the strongest connectivity. This finding may provide additional insight for localizing and treating temporo-insular epilepsy.
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Conectoma , Epilepsia , Córtex Piriforme , Humanos , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Lobo FrontalRESUMO
Recipients of interpartner aggression often experience internalizing symptoms. However, individual differences exist, and elucidation of factors that attenuate or exacerbate risk are needed to explicate relations and better inform interventions aimed at reducing mental health sequelae of interpartner aggression. Sleep problems compromise coping abilities and are known to exacerbate risk for mental health problems in the context of family risk. We examined whether sleep problems moderated the extent to which the recipients of interpartner aggression experience internalizing symptoms over time. At the first wave, 194 couples participated (M age [women] = 41.81 years, SD = 5.85; M age [men] = 43.75 years, SD = 6.74; 71% White/European American, 26% Black/African American, 3% other race/ethnicity). Two years later, couples returned for a second wave. Psychological and physical forms of interpartner aggression were measured using self- and partner-reports. Sleep duration (minutes) and sleep quality (efficiency) were derived using actigraphy, and subjective sleep/wake problems were also assessed. Individuals self-reported on their own internalizing symptoms. After controlling for autoregressive effects, sleep moderated the extent to which the recipients of interpartner aggression experienced internalizing symptoms longitudinally. Lower sleep efficiency and more subjective sleep/wake problems among women exacerbated the extent to which interpartner aggression forecasted their internalizing symptoms. Lower sleep efficiency among men magnified relations between interpartner aggression and their internalizing symptoms. Findings help understand the multiplicative influence that family risk and sleep problems have on mental health over time.
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Agressão , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Agressão/psicologia , Etnicidade , Sono , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologia , BrancosRESUMO
AIM: To better understand the prevalence of self-reported psychosocial burdens and the unmet needs identified by people with diabetes in relation to routine diabetes visits. METHODS: An English language, online survey was distributed via social media, key stakeholder networks, charity and advocacy groups to adults with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. Survey items were designed by members of the FDA RESCUE Collaborative Community Governing Committee prior to pilot testing with potential participants. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, as well as thematic analyses on free-text responses using NVivo v14. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy-eight participants completed the survey: 373 (78%) had type 1 diabetes, 346 (73%) identified as a woman and 433 (91%) were white. Most participants had experienced self-reported (rather than diagnosed) anxiety and depression (n = 323 and n = 313, respectively), as well as fear of low blood sugars (n = 294), low mood (n = 290) and diabetes-related distress (n = 257). Sixty-eight percent reported that diabetes had negatively affected self-esteem, 62% reported the feelings of loneliness, but 93% reported that friends/family/work colleagues were supportive when needed. Two hundred and seventy-two percent (57%) reported that their diabetes team had never raised the topic of mental health. The overwhelming majority stated that the best thing their diabetes team could do to help was to simply ask about mental well-being, listen with empathy and without judgement, and practice skills to understand psychosocial issues in diabetes. CONCLUSION: Integrating psychosocial discussions and support within routine healthcare visits is crucial to improve outcomes for people with diabetes. Such a biopsychosocial model of healthcare has long been advocated by regulatory bodies.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Emoções , Ansiedade/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with osteopenia, osteoporosis and increased fracture risk in the clinical population. Yet, the development of preclinical models to study PTSD-induced bone loss remains limited. In this study, we present a previously unreported model of PTSD in adult female C57BL/6 mice, by employing inescapable foot shock and social isolation, that demonstrates high face and construct validity. A subset of mice exposed to this paradigm (i.e. PTSD mice) display long-term alterations in behavioral and inflammatory indices. Using three-dimensional morphometric calculations, cyclic reference point indentation (cRPI) testing and histological analyses, we find that PTSD mice exhibit loss of trabecular bone, altered bone material quality, and aberrant changes in bone tissue architecture and cellular activity. This adult murine model of PTSD exhibits clinically relevant changes in bone physiology and provides a valuable tool for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying PTSD-induced bone loss.