Factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer in women in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer in Togolese women. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical purposes on cases of breast cancer in women in 2021, in Togo. The patients included in this study were women followed in the gynecology department for stages III and IV breast cancer. RESULTS: We included 62 cases of breast cancer. The average age of the patients was 38.6 ± 12.5 years with extremes of 17 and 76 years. The breast nodule was the most common reason for consultation in 75.8% of cases. The histological types diagnosed were invasive carcinoma of non-specific type (58; 93.55%), mucinous carcinoma (3; 4.84%) and lobular carcinoma (1; 1.61%). For the stage of the cancer, 43 patients were stage III (69.4%) and 19 stage IV (30.6%). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with late diagnosis of breast cancer were: fear of diagnosis (aOR = 1.29; p = 0.0014), long delay in diagnosis (aOR = 2.62; p = 0.0001) and failure to perform breast self-examination (aOR = 1.68; p = 0.0022). CONCLUSION: The fear of the diagnosis, the absence of self-examination of the breasts and the use of traditional treatment and self-medication in first intention constituted the essential factors of the late diagnosis of breast cancer. Strategies should be put in place at the national level to impact on these factors for an early diagnosis of breast cancer.

[Epiphyseal growth fractures: epidemiology and treatment. Retrospective report of 44 cases]. / Les traumatismes du cartilage de croissance chez l'enfant: aspects epidemiologiques, lesionnels et therapeutiques a propos de 44 cas.

OBJECTIVE: To value the frequency of epiphyseal growth fracture and to take out the therapeutic aspects of the epiphyseal growth fracture and to value the results for un good management. PATIENTS AND METHOD: It is about a retrospective study carrying on 44 children aged of less than 15 years hospitalized and treated in the pediatric surgery department or the Tokoin teaching hospital (Lome) from 1st January 2002 to 31st December 2006. RESULTS: The prevalence of epiphyseal growth fracture was of 3.6% with a masculine predominance(59.1%). The middle age was of 9.8 }3.2 years.The type 2 lesions of Salter and Harris classification represented 44%. The accidents of game were the main suppliers (41 %) with affluence in April and August. The orthopedic treatment was applied in 64.4% of case. With a middle receding of 2 years, 4 patients had presented some afterrnaths. CONCLUSION: Epiphyseal growth fracture has a relatively frequency. The diagnostic trap of the epiphyseal growth fracture is numerous and is sometimes the origin of the therapeutic mistake. Their treatment must be well codified to avoid some long-term afterrnaths.