Rural-urban differences in common mental disorders among Indonesian youth: a cross-sectional national survey.

Objectives: The onset of common mental disorders (CMDs) is most prevalent among youth; thus, mental health management is crucial. We examined differences in risk and risk factor determinants regarding CMDs prevalence among youth in rural and urban Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey. The population comprised 122,114 respondents, aged 15 to 24 years, who had completed the 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire along with providing demographic and health behavior data. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were employed for analysis. Results: The CMDs risk was higher among urban than rural youth. Risk factors impacting both populations included being female, having a lower education level, consuming fewer than 7 portions of vegetables weekly, smoking, and drinking alcohol (p<0.05). Consuming under 7 portions of fruit weekly and being in the highest or lowest wealth quintile were significant risk factors only in urban youth, while unemployment and divorce were significant only among rural respondents (p<0.05). Marriage was protective against CMDs among rural participants. Conclusion: Being male, possessing a college degree, consuming at least 7 portions of vegetables weekly, not smoking, and not consuming alcohol were associated with reduced CMDs risk in urban and rural youth. Among rural youth, marriage and employment were linked to decreased risk, whereas divorce displayed the opposite relationship. In urban populations, consuming at least 7 portions of fruit weekly and belonging to neither the highest nor the lowest economic quintile were protective factors. Management strategies for CMDs in young people must address these considerations.

Factors related to stunting in children under 2 years old in the Papua, Indonesia: Does the type of residence matter?

OBJECTIVES: To analyze factors related to stunting in Papua region. METHODS: Secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian National Nutrition Status Survey were used in this study. Samples of 2,937 Papuan children under the age of two were gathered for the study. This study analyzed independent variables (type of residence, mother's age, marriage, mother's education, employment, wealth, child's age, gender, and early breastfeeding initiation (EBFI) with stunting. The relationship was analyzed using logistic regression tests. RESULTS: Stunting is more common among children in Papua's rural areas than in urban (AOR 1.168, 95% CI, 1.128-1.209). Stunting is more common in children who mother do not work than in mothers who do (AOR 1.174, 95% CI, 1.142- 1.207). Stunting is more common in children aged 12-23 months compared to children <12 months (AOR 3.381, 95% CI, 3.291-3.474). Compared to girls, boys are more likely to become stunted (AOR 1.348, 95% CI, 1,314-1,383). Children under the age of two who do not experience EBFI are at higher risk than those who have (AOR 1.078, 95% CI, 1.050-1.106). CONCLUSION: There are eight variables associated with stunting, namely residence, age of mother, mother's education, mother's occupation, economic status, child's age, gender, and EBFI. Prioritization of stunting interventions in Papua should be targeted at mothers who living in rural, having low education, and not doing early breastfeeding initiation.

Infodemiology on diet and weight loss behavior before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Implication for public health promotion.

Objective: This study set out to explore public interest through information search trends on diet and weight loss before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: The Google Trends database was evaluated for the relative internet search popularity on diet-related search terms, including top and rising diet-related terms. The search range was before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2018 to January 2022) in the Indonesia region. We analyzed the Relative Search Volume (RSV) data using line charts, correlation, and comparison tests. Results: Search queries of "lose weight" was higher during the pandemic (58.34 ± 9.70 vs. 68.69 ± 7.72; p<0.05). No difference was found in diet-related searches before and after the pandemic. Public interest in the diet was higher after Eid al-Fitr (Muslims break fasting celebration day) and after the new year. Many fad diet (FD) terms were found on the top and rising terms. Conclusion: After Eid al-Fitr and the new year were susceptible times for promoting a healthy diet in Indonesia. Potential need found before those times for education in inserting healthy food among fatty and sugary menus related to holidays and celebrations. Higher interest in "lose weight" was relevant to heightened obesity risk during the social restriction and heightened COVID-19 morbidity and mortality due to obesity. The high interest for rapid weight loss through FD needs to be resolved by promoting healthy diets with a more captivating message and messenger, like consistently using top terms in the keywords of the official healthy diet guidance. Future research could explore the relationship between diet and other behavior or with non-communicable diseases.