Features of Interferon Status and Methods of Its Correction in the Treatment of Patients with Atypical Chronic Active Herpesvirus Infections.

It is known that the imbalance of the IFN system is the cornerstone of the immunopathogenesis of atypical chronic active herpesvirus infections and is often associated not only with congenital, genetically determined defects, but also with acquired system dysregulation at different levels: receptor, molecular, at the level of a nuclear transducer of signal transmission. Based on the studied features of immunopathogenesis and the revealed disturbances in the antiviral immune defense system and the IFN system in patients with atypical chronic herpes viral infections, an integration program for correcting IFN status was developed, its clinical and immunological effectiveness was evaluated. Improved effectiveness of complex rehabilitation of immunocompromised patients with atypical chronic active herpes viral infections was demonstrated.

[Morphological and functional characteristics of lymphokine-activated killer cells generated from the mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood].

The aim of this research was to study the morphological, functional and immunophenotypical characteristics of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAKC) generated from the mononuclear cells (MNC) of healthy donors' peripheral blood at different time intervals after the cultivation with interleukin-2 (IL-2). LAKC had the appearance of large lymphoid cells of prolymphocyte and immunoblast type with highly pyroninophilic cytoplasm and electrone-microscopic features indicative of synthetic activity. LAKC were shown to intensely express activation antigens and adhesion molecules on their surface and to posess high cytotoxic potential in respect to tumor cells. Time-course of LAKC surface antigen expression corresponded to the changes of a proportion of activated cellular forms, generated from MNC of healthy donors' peripheral blood by incubation with IL-2. On the basis of these experimental findings, the usage of 3-5-day culture of LAKC could be recommended for the immunotherapy of malignant tumors.

[Morphological characteristics and immunophenotype of dendritic cells generated from monocytes of human peripheral blood]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti i immunofenotip dendritnykh kletok, poluchennykh iz monotsitov perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka.

Morphological features and immunophenotype of mature dendritic cells (DC) generated from the monocytes of healthy donor blood after culture with GM-CSF and IL-4 with the addition of TNF, were studied using light and electron microscopy, as well as flow-cytometry. It was shown that DC were characterized by a number of morphological features such as: large size, eccentrically located nucleus, highly developed system of extensions, large vacuolated cytoplasm, prominent and activated Golgi complex and ribosomal apparatus. Mature DC are characterized by active surface expression of MHC and co-stimulatory molecules (MHC I, MHC II, CD40, CD80, CD86).

[Characterization of lymphokine-activated killer cells obtained from the natural killers--T cells of patients with hepatic tumor lesion]. / Kharakteristika limfokinaktivirovannykh killerov, poluchennykh iz natural'nykh killerov, -- T-kletok bol'nykh s opukholevym porazheniem pecheni.

To analyze the functions of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAKC) and to study their phenotype are of paramount importance in the assessment of their role in antitumor immunity. The natural killers--hepatic T cells--have been shown to be used to prepare LAKS that have a higher cytotoxic activity than LAKS that are generalized from peripheral mononuclear cells.

[Concepts of adoptive immunotherapy in stomach cancer patients after radical surgery]. / Konteptsiia adoptivnoi immunoterapii bol'nykh rakom zheludka posle radikal'nogo khirurgicheskogo lecheniia.

Although there has been a sufficiently steady trend towards a decrease in the incidence of carcinoma of the stomach (CS), the problem related with treatment of this malignant tumor remains acute up to now in many countries. Presently, the surgical method, i.e. gastrectomy in the volume of D2 (with splenectomy being an element of it) remains the basic treatment for CS of stages I-III. A removal of an essential portion of the lymphoid tissues brings about a pronounced, prolonged and hard-to-correct immunodeficiency, which, in its turn, aggravates the risk of postoperative infectious complications and cuts the relapse-free life period. The method, offered by us, makes it possible to obtain the lymphocine-activated cells from the mononuclear cell population of the spleen, removed in operation, and to use them in the adoptive immunotherapy for the purpose of improving the life duration and quality for this category of patients. However, elaboration of methods combining the activation of both non-specific and specific anti-tumor immunity through designing the anti-tumor auto-vaccines based on dendrite cells is the most promising direction in the adoptive immunotherapy for a radically operated CS.