Performance Analysis of Blended Membranes of Cellulose Acetate with Variable Degree of Acetylation for CO2/CH4 Separation.

The separation and capture of CO2 have become an urgent and important agenda because of the CO2-induced global warming and the requirement of industrial products. Membrane-based technologies have proven to be a promising alternative for CO2 separations. To make the gas-separation membrane process more competitive, productive membrane with high gas permeability and high selectivity is crucial. Herein, we developed new cellulose triacetate (CTA) and cellulose diacetate (CDA) blended membranes for CO2 separations. The CTA and CDA blends were chosen because they have similar chemical structures, good separation performance, and its economical and green nature. The best position in Robeson's upper bound curve at 5 bar was obtained with the membrane containing 80 wt.% CTA and 20 wt.% CDA, which shows the CO2 permeability of 17.32 barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 18.55. The membrane exhibits 98% enhancement in CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to neat membrane with only a slight reduction in CO2 permeability. The optimal membrane displays a plasticization pressure of 10.48 bar. The newly developed blended membranes show great potential for CO2 separations in the natural gas industry.

Benzodiazepine Use Among Resident Doctors In Tertiary Care Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines (BZD) are some of the most common medications in the world. Benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal. Benzodiazepines are generally considered safe and well tolerated but are commonly misused and taken in combination with other drugs of abuse. The usage and prescription of BDZ in most developed countries are tightly regulated. This is however, not true in developing countries where these medicines are available over-the-counter (OTC). This study was carried out to assess the benzodiazepine use in Ayub Teaching Hospital Trainee doctors. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study carried out in Ayub Teaching Hospital between January and December 2018. Sample size was calculated to be 276 using WHO sample size calculator. These 276 residents and house officers were selected using stratified random sampling to ensure the representation from every year of residency. RESULTS: Hundred and nine (48.7%) participants responded positively to the use of BZD. Male doctors were more likely 57 (52.3%) to use BZD as compared to their female colleges. Most of the doctors 71 (65.1%) purchased BZD over the counter without prescription. Alprazolam was the most preferred benzodiazepine by doctors regardless of their specialty and year of residency except in specialty of Anaesthesia in which prevalence of Midazolam was the highest. This preference of Alprazolam by doctors of all specialty was statistically significant (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the knowledge about medicines and tendency to self-treat, doctors are prone to BZD abuse. Doctors working in psychiatry are more likely to use BZD with Alprazolam the BZD of choice.