RESUMO
Tribolium castaneum is a member of the most species-rich eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved the ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment, as shown by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as P450 and other detoxification enzymes. Development in Tribolium is more representative of other insects than is Drosophila, a fact reflected in gene content and function. For example, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, some being expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short-germ development. Systemic RNA interference in T. castaneum functions differently from that in Caenorhabditis elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
Assuntos
Genes de Insetos/genética , Genoma de Inseto/genética , Tribolium/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases , Padronização Corporal/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/genética , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento/genética , Humanos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Neurotransmissores/genética , Oogênese/genética , Filogenia , Proteoma/genética , Interferência de RNA , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Paladar/genética , Telômero/genética , Tribolium/classificação , Tribolium/embriologia , Tribolium/fisiologia , Visão Ocular/genéticaRESUMO
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.
Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Genoma , Macaca mulatta/genética , Animais , Pesquisa Biomédica , Feminino , Duplicação Gênica , Rearranjo Gênico , Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Variação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Família Multigênica , Mutação , Pan troglodytes/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
After the completion of a draft human genome sequence, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium has proceeded to finish and annotate each of the 24 chromosomes comprising the human genome. Here we describe the sequencing and analysis of human chromosome 3, one of the largest human chromosomes. Chromosome 3 comprises just four contigs, one of which currently represents the longest unbroken stretch of finished DNA sequence known so far. The chromosome is remarkable in having the lowest rate of segmental duplication in the genome. It also includes a chemokine receptor gene cluster as well as numerous loci involved in multiple human cancers such as the gene encoding FHIT, which contains the most common constitutive fragile site in the genome, FRA3B. Using genomic sequence from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque, we were able to characterize the breakpoints defining a large pericentric inversion that occurred some time after the split of Homininae from Ponginae, and propose an evolutionary history of the inversion.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 3/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Quebra Cromossômica/genética , Inversão Cromossômica/genética , Mapeamento de Sequências Contíguas , Ilhas de CpG/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Evolução Molecular , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Projeto Genoma Humano , Humanos , Macaca mulatta/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Pan troglodytes/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sintenia/genéticaRESUMO
Human chromosome 12 contains more than 1,400 coding genes and 487 loci that have been directly implicated in human disease. The q arm of chromosome 12 contains one of the largest blocks of linkage disequilibrium found in the human genome. Here we present the finished sequence of human chromosome 12, which has been finished to high quality and spans approximately 132 megabases, representing approximately 4.5% of the human genome. Alignment of the human chromosome 12 sequence across vertebrates reveals the origin of individual segments in chicken, and a unique history of rearrangement through rodent and primate lineages. The rate of base substitutions in recent evolutionary history shows an overall slowing in hominids compared with primates and rodents.