RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to present the demographics and mechanisms of facial injury in UK children, and to establish the nature and anatomical location of facial injury in this age group. METHODS: Patient data were collected retrospectively over 1 year from a paediatric Emergency Department in South East Scotland. Medical notes were examined for all patients coded on the electronic patient record as having any facial injury. RESULTS: 593 patients attended with a facial injury. The median age of patients was 4.7 years. (IQR 2.4-7.5 years.), and the male to female ratio of facial injuries was 2:1. Injuries were predominantly from falls. Assault or violence was uncommon. Most common sites of facial injury were the lower third of the face and dento-alveolar injury. Facial fractures were rare and radiographic facial imaging was infrequently performed. Only eight facial fractures were diagnosed. 4.5% of all patients were admitted to hospital; 23% of the children were referred on to other specialities for follow-up, of these over half were to a dentist. CONCLUSIONS: A large number of children presented with facial injuries during the study period. Facial lacerations, oral trauma and dental trauma were the most common injuries. The majority of patients were dealt with without admission or referral to another speciality.
Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos Faciais/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ossos Faciais/lesões , Traumatismos Faciais/classificação , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lacerações/epidemiologia , Masculino , Fraturas Maxilares/diagnóstico , Fraturas Maxilares/epidemiologia , Admissão do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Escócia/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Índices de Gravidade do TraumaRESUMO
Upper labial frenal tear in infants is classically taught as having associations with non-accidental injury. Collection of data for a 12-month period in our paediatric facial injury study revealed that this injury pattern is common in ambulant children and was associated with other facial trauma. In assessing the possibility of this injury being due to abuse, the importance of the mobility of the child and the mechanism of the injury are paramount.
Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Freio Labial/lesões , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Traumatismos Faciais/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
A knowledge of the sugar content of molasses is of commercial importance to a number of industrial fermentations. Hence the feasibility of using a glucose oxidase biosensor to determine the glucose content of molasses samples was investigated. This method was compared with standard high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedures and with the use of a commercially available glucose analyser. A good correlation was obtained between the standard acetic anhydride GLC and glucose oxidase biosensor results (correlation coefficient = 0.98). Rapid and accurate measurements could be carried out using the biosensor without the need to employ the sample preparation step required in standard GLC methods. It was concluded that the use of the biosensor technique for the determination of glucose in molasses samples has distinct advantages over conventional methods.