Essential Oil Composition of Fruits of Eight Ferulago Species Growing in Türkiye and Multivariate Statistical Analyses.

In this study, the composition of the volatile oils obtained from the fruits of 8 Ferulago species (Ferulago cassia Boiss., F. isaurica Pesmen, F. humilis Boiss., F. macrosciadia Boiss. & Balansa, F. setifolia K.Koch, F. silaifolia (Boiss.) Boiss., F. syriaca Boiss., F. trojana Akalin & Pimenov) growing naturally in Türkiye were examined by means of GC/MS and GC-FID and α-pinene was determined to be present in the fruits of four species along with other monoterpenes as major components. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed, utilizing ten major components in the eight essential oils. Also, a Venn diagram was used to demonstrate chemotaxonomical variations in the composition of the essential oils of eight Ferulago species.

Essential Oils of Ferulago glareosa Kandemir&Hedge Roots and Aerial Parts: PCA and HCA Analyses.

Ferulago glareosa Kandemir & Hedge. is an endemic species of the family Apiaceae for Turkey and has interesting morphological characteristics compared to the other members of the genus Ferulago Koch. In this study we investigated the essential oil compositions of the roots and aerial parts of F. glareosa for the first time and compared them with essential oil compositions of the roots and aerial parts of other species of the genus. In our study, major components of the essential oil of the roots were determined to be 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (32.2 %), falcarinol (23.7 %), hexadecanoic acid (9.5 %) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (5.9 %); and major components of the essential oil of the aerial parts were found to be α-pinene (33.7 %), p-cymene (14.8 %), γ-terpinene (13.2 %), (Z)-ß-ocimene (12.4 %) and terpinolene (8.2 %). The essential oil compositions of F. glareosa root compare with essential oils components in the literature differ varies greatly. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed with Minitab software, utilizing 8 major components in the published 20 literatures, as well as in this study. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used in order to demonstrate chemotaxonomical variations in the composition of the essential oils of Ferulago species.

Rosmarinus plants: Key farm concepts towards food applications.

Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

Comparison of Seeds of Colchicum speciosum and Gloriosa superba in respect to Colchicine and Colchicoside Contents by RP-LC.

In this study, colchicine (CLN) and colchicoside (CLS) contents of the methanolic extracts of the seeds of Colchicum speciosum Steven that were collected from Uzungöl, Trabzon and also the seeds belonging to two different samples of Gloriosa superba Linn. imported from India were compared by using RP-LC (Reversed Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography). This proposed method is advantageous in terms of sample preparation and selective separation of the compounds. Also the method was successfully validated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline acceptance criteria for system suitability, linearity and range, precision, specificity and accuracy. As a conclusion of this analysis, the colchicoside and colchicine contents of G. superba (GSI), G. superba (GSII) and C. speciosum (CS) were found to be 312.9 mg/100 g and 333.1 mg/100 g; 434.0 mg/100 g and 471.1 mg/100 g, and 51.9 mg/100 g and 75.9 mg/100 g, respectively.