RESUMO
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent commonly used as a firstline treatment for highgrade glioblastoma. However, TMZ has short halflife and frequently induces tumor resistance, which can limit its therapeutic efficiency. In the present study, it was hypothesized that combined treatment with TMZ and acteoside has synergistic effects in glioblastoma therapy. Using cell viability and woundhealing assays, it was determined that this treatment regimen reduced cell viability and migration to a greater extent than either TMZ or acteoside alone. Following previous reports that TMZ affected autophagy in glioma cells, the present study examined the effects of TMZ + acteoside combination treatment on apoptosis and autophagy. The TMZ + acteoside combination treatment increased the cleavage of caspase3 and levels of Bcell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2)associated X protein and phosphorylated p53, and decreased the level of Bcl2. The combination treatment increased microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3 and apoptosisrelated gene expression. It was also determined that TMZ + acteoside induced apoptosis and autophagy through the mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling pathway. These findings suggest that acteoside has beneficial effects on TMZbased glioblastoma therapy.