Differences in Oral Health According to the Presence of Hearing Loss: Data from the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hearing loss is increasing annually and has a strong relationship with oral health. However, existing research on hearing loss is limited to children, making it necessary to expand the analysis to adults. Therefore, this study aims to identify differences in oral health-related factors according to hearing loss in adults over 40 years of age using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: This study analyzed survey data from 2021. The study participants were divided into 1738 individuals in the nonhearing loss group and 1384 in the hearing loss group. Complex sample chi-square and complex sample independent t-tests were performed to determine differences in the sociodemographic characteristics, systemic diseases, hearing loss-related factors, and oral health status between the two groups. RESULTS: Compared to the nonhearing loss group, the hearing loss group was older and had lower income and education levels. In terms of oral health, the hearing loss group had fewer existing natural teeth, poorer prosthesis conditions, and a higher number of implants than the nonhearing loss group. The hearing loss group also experienced comparatively more problems with chewing and speaking (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with hearing loss exhibited poorer oral health status than those without hearing loss. Therefore, dental professionals in clinical practice should develop their communication skills to interact effectively with patients with hearing loss and strive to improve their oral health.

Association between statin compliance and risk of dementia among patients with chronic periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between statin compliance and the risk of dementia among patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Chronic periodontitis patients were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort Database, covering the period from 2002 to 2019. A total of 22,089 subjects were included in the study and divided into three groups based on their compliance with statin administration. The Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for analyzing the risk of dementia. RESULTS: In the restricted cubic spline of the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratio for dementia decreased prominently with a higher medication possession ratio. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals in the multivariable-adjusted model for dementia risk in the middle and high medication possession ratio groups, compared to the low medication possession ratio group, were confirmed as 0.70 (0.57-0.87) and 0.57 (0.45-0.72), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, a significant association between dementia and good statin medication possession ratio was found in both severe periodontitis and mild periodontitis cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a group of patients with chronic periodontitis who maintain good statin compliance are associated with a reduced risk of dementia.

The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Education on the CPR Knowledge, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, and Confidence in Performing CPR among Elementary School Students in Korea.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education for schoolchildren is emphasized, as bystander CPR is a vital key to increasing the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. This study was conducted to verify the effect of CPR education on knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and confidence of Korean elementary school students in performing CPR. Data were collected through structured questionnaires before and after CPR education and analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-tests, and hierarchical regression. Significant improvements in CPR knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and confidence in performing CPR were found after CPR education, with the greatest increase observed in confidence (p = 0.000). The influencing factors on confidence in performing CPR were school grade, attitude, and self-efficacy. Although a significant increase in schoolchildren's CPR knowledge after education was shown, knowledge did not affect confidence in performing CPR. Therefore, early CPR education which focuses on improving confidence in performing CPR is recommended. CPR education might raise attitude and self-efficacy leading to increased confidence in performing bystander CPR. In conclusion, early and regular CPR education for elementary school students is crucial and should be conducted repeatedly.

Risk of chronic periodontitis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea in Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether the development of chronic periodontitis is more likely among patients who have been newly diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through an analysis of representative data from the general population. METHODS: A nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using patient records from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. For the period 2004-2019, patient data were categorized into 2 groups: a diagnosis of OSA (747 subjects) and no diagnosis of OSA (1,494 subjects). Subsequently, 1:2 propensity score matching was performed to ensure the homogeneity of the 2 groups. To analyze the risk of incident chronic periodontitis, a Cox proportional-hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: In the Kaplan-Meier curve, the disease-free probability was significantly lower in the OSA group than in the non-OSA group (p for log-rank test=0.001). The crude HR for the association between OSA and chronic periodontitis was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.43). The multivariable-adjusted HR was calculated at 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.42). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed a relationship between OSA and chronic periodontitis. Therefore, OSA patients require oral care to prevent the progression of chronic periodontitis from mild to severe.

Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education for Elementary School Students in Korea: Tracking by School Grade, Physical Characteristics, and Physical Strength.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess variations in chest compression depth among Korean elementary school students based on grade, physical characteristics, and strength. Methods: The study involved 140 children in the third to sixth grades from elementary schools. Before providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education, we assessed height, weight, BMI, grip strength, and back strength. Subsequently, CPR education was administered, followed by individual measurements of compression depth. The factors related to compression depths was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and multivariable regression. Results: The mean compression depth was consistently lower than the guideline standard across all grades, indicating grade-dependent differences (p = 0.000). Moreover, height, weight, BMI, grip strength and back strength increased, exhibited significant increases with grade (p = 0.000). In multivariable regression analysis, it was observed that as grade increased, chest compression depth increased by 0.701 cm (p = 0.000). Conclusion: School grade significantly influenced achieving the proper chest compressions depth, no notable correlation found for physical factors. Thus, a strategy emphasizing the importance of sufficient chest compressions during CPR education, particularly targeting elementary school students, seems necessary to encourage greater effort.

Risk of dementia according to the severity of chronic periodontitis in Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the risk of dementia in older adults with chronic periodontitis according to the severity of periodontitis. METHODS: Data on patients with chronic periodontitis were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database from 2002 to 2014. Among 52,728 subjects eligible for inclusion, 11,953 subjects had newly diagnosed mild chronic periodontitis (MCP), and 40,775 subjects had newly diagnosed severe chronic periodontitis (SCP). Two 1:1 propensity score matched cohorts were created with 8,624 patients each in the MCP and SCP groups. To analyze the risk of dementia, a Cox proportional-hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: In the Kaplan-Meier curve, the disease-free probability was significantly lower in the SCP group than in the MCP group (p for log-rank=0.001). In the multivariable-adjusted model, the HR for the occurrence of dementia in the SCP group compared to the MCP group was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.27; p=0.009). A subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between dementia and the severity of periodontitis, especially in subjects who were male, aged ≥70 years, and had comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the severity of chronic periodontitis can help to reduce the risk of dementia. Therefore, it is necessary to aggressively conduct early dementia-prevention programs for males under the age of 70 that include dental health to prevent the progression of periodontitis from mild to severe.

Changes in Emergency Department Case Severity and Length of Stay before and after COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea.

Severe patients visited regional emergency centers more frequently during the COVID-19 period, and disposition status warranting admission to the intensive care unit or resulting in death was more common during the COVID-19 period. This study was conducted to compare the characteristics and severity of patients, and emergency department length of stay before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Subjects were 75,409 patients who visited the regional emergency medical center from 1 February 2019 to 19 January 2020 and from 1 February 2020 to 19 January 2021. Data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. The significance level was p < 0.05. The chi-square test and t-test were used for variables, and Cramer V was used for correlation. We found that the total number of patients visiting the emergency room decreased by 37.6% after COVID-19, but emergency department length of stay among severely ill patients increased by 203.7%. Additionally, the utilization rate of 119 ambulances and relatively more severe patients increased by 9.0% and by 2.1%. More studies about emergency department designs and operational programs should be conducted for better action not only during regular periods but also during periods of pandemic.

The risk of stroke according to statin medication compliance in older people with chronic periodontitis: an analysis using the Korea National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort Database.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the risk of stroke according to statin medication compliance in older people with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Chronic periodontitis patients were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort Database from 2002 to 2014. Among 255,056 chronic periodontitis patients, 41,412 patients with statin prescriptions for 28 days or more were included. The study population was divided into the top 25% of medication compliance group (TSG) and the lower 25% of medication compliance group (BSG). After 1:1 propensity score matching was performed, the final number of patients in the BSG and TSG was 6,172 each. To analyze the risk of stroke, a Cox proportional hazard model was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjusting for age, sex, income level, hypertension, diabetes, and Charlson comorbidity index. RESULTS: In the Kaplan-Meier curve, the disease-free probability was prominently lower in the BSG than in the TSG (p for log-rank= 0.001). The HR in the multivariable-adjusted model for stroke occurrence in the TSG compared to the BSG was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.92; p= 0.002). Subgroup analyses showed significant associations between compliance to statin medication and stroke, especially in female, people 85 years or older, and patients with comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing compliance to statins may reduce stroke risk in older adults with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, in order to increase medication compliance among older people with chronic periodontitis, it is necessary for medical staff to make efforts to provide effective medication guidance.

Comparison of Diagnosed Depression and Self-Reported Depression Symptom as a Risk Factor of Periodontitis: Analysis of 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data.

Depression causes damage to the immune defense mechanism, and it can worsen periodontitis due to the accumulation of periodontitis pathogens. This study was conducted in order to explore the association of diagnosed depression and self-reported depression symptom with periodontitis by using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 7th (KNHANES VII) data. A total of 12,689 participants aged over 19 received a periodontal examination among the 24,269 participants of KNHANES VII. Diagnosed depression and self-reported depression symptom were the two terms used for depression. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of teeth with periodontal pockets of 4 mm or deeper. The age, sex, marital status, education, region, basic livelihood protection, private health insurance, type of housing, health insurance coverage, household income, sleeping hours, subjective health condition, stress perception, drinking status, obesity, and current smoking status of the participants were examined. Chi-square tests and two-tailed analyses were used. The association of depression and periodontitis was tested by using logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Diagnosed depression was associated with periodontitis, as the odds ratio of diagnosed depression for periodontitis was 1.772 (95% confidence interval = 1.328-2.364). However, the association between self-reported depression symptom and periodontitis was not statistically significant. This study revealed that diagnosed depression, not self-reported depression symptom, could be a risk factor for periodontitis. Therefore, it is necessary to take a closer look into diagnosed depression in order to manage and prevent periodontitis.

Comparison of Long-Term Effects between Chest Compression-Only CPR Training and Conventional CPR Training on CPR Skills among Police Officers.

Despite of the changes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival rise when bystander CPR is provided, this was only conducted in about 23% of OHCA patients in Korea in 2018. Police officers acting as first responders have a high chance of witnessing situations requiring CPR. We investigated long-term effects on CPR quality between chest compression-only CPR training and conventional CPR training in police officers to find an efficient CPR training method in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Police officers underwent randomization and received different CPR training. With the Brayden Pro application, we compared the accuracy of CPR skills immediately after training and the one after 3 months. Right after training, the conventional CPR group presented the accuracy of the CPR skills (compression rate: 74.6%, compression depth: 66.0%, recoil: 78.0%, compression position: 96.1%) and chest compression-only CPR group presented the accuracy of the CPR skills (compression rate: 74.5%, compression depth: 71.6%, recoil: 79.2%, compression position: 99.0%). Overall, both groups showed the good quality of CPR skills and had no meaningful difference right after the training. However, three months after training, overall accuracy of CPR skills decreased, a significant difference between two groups was observed for compression position (conventional CPR: 80.0%, chest compression only CPR: 95.0%). In multiple linear regression analysis, three months after CPR training, chest compression-only CPR training made CPR skills accuracy 28.5% higher. In conclusion, police officers showed good-quality CPR right after CPR training in both groups. But three months later, chest compression-only CPR training group had better retention of CPR skills. Therefore, chest compression-only CPR training is better to be a standard training method for police officers as first responders.

Risk Factors on the Progression to Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: Using National Data.

10-20% of COVID (Corona Virus Disease)-19 cases proceed to a severe stage, and age and the presence of comorbidity increased the risk of death from COVID-19. The identification of risk factors on progression to the severity stages is essential in providing more efficient and suitable management to COVID-19 patients. However, there is insufficient study on risk factors for severity stages of COVID-19 patients. In this study, 2959 confirmed COVID-19 patients were analyzed while using national data, COVID-19 patients Clinical Epidemiological Information provided from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The epidemiological variable, hospital room, periods from confirmation to release, initial symptom and vital signs, underlying comorbidities, and initial blood variables were used to verify the relation with progression to severity stages of COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. The chi-square test, welch test, multiple regression and logistic regression analysis were performed. The ICU (Intensive Care Unit) admission rate of patients having characteristics, such as older age, male, abnormal BMI (Body Mass Index), high heart rate, high body temperature, fever, cough, sputum, sore throat, rhinorrhea, fatigue, dyspnea, change of consciousness, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic artery disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, dementia, abnormal hemoglobin, abnormal hematocrit, abnormal lymphocyte, abnormal platelets, and abnormal white blood cell were high. The risk factors for severe COVID-19 were older age, shorter hospitalization, abnormal lymphocyte, abnormal platelets, dyspnea, change of consciousness, and dementia. Whereas, significant predictors for progression to severity stages of COVID-19 were older age, longer period from confirmation to release, higher BMI, higher body temperature, abnormal lymphocyte, abnormal platelets, fever, no sore throat, dyspnea, no headache, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), and dementia. Therefore, classifying patients with a high risk of severe stage of COVID-19 and managing patients by considering the risk factors could be helpful in the efficient management of COVID-19 patients.

Antioxidant and Cell Proliferation Properties of the Vietnamese Traditional Medicinal Plant Peltophorum pterocarpum.

Peltophorum pterocarpum is regarded as one of the most important medicinal plants in the traditional medicine system of Vietnam. However, scientific evidence for the antioxidant effects against lipid peroxidation and the potential effects in cancer of this plant are lacking. In our experiments, 70% ethanolic extracts of P. pterocarpum leaves (LPP) and stem bark (SPP) were evaluated for their low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines. Both LPP and SPP inhibited Cu2+-mediated LDL by increasing the lag time of conjugated diene formation and inhibiting the generation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in a dose-dependent manner. In cancer cells, LPP and SPP triggered the most potent cytotoxic effects against human leukemia cells, CRF-SBA and HL-60, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 118.5 to 157.2 µg/mL. SPP exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MIA PACA2, A549, and KG cell lines with IC50 values of 167.5, 244.1 and 255.0 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, LPP showed cytotoxic activity against KG with an IC50 value of 228.1 µg/mL. SPP mediated cytotoxicity in HL-60 and CCRF-SBA cells through the activation of the apoptosis pathway, including the activation of caspases 3, and 9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results suggested that SPP may prevent the development and progression of atherosclerosis and leukemia in humans.

Association between Periodontal Disease and Levels of Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol among Korean Adults.

Although the correlation between periodontal condition and hyperlipidemia was shown by previous researches, it remains disputed. This study was based on data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018. Data included 14,068 subjects' demographic characteristics, total cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and periodontal conditions. We analyzed the correlation between periodontal disease and blood lipid levels using complex-sample chi square tests and complex-sample logistic regression. The results of chi square tests showed a significant difference in demographic characteristics according to total cholesterol level and triglyceride level. The results of logistic regression, adjusted for the subjects' demographic characteristics such as age, gender, house income, marital status, home ownership, number of persons living together, health insurance coverage, and economic activity, showed that prevalence of periodontal disease was 1.048-fold (confidence interval (CI) 0.827-1.133) higher in the high-total-cholesterol group and 1.499-fold (CI 1.576-1.983) higher in high-triglyceride group. We found that not high total cholesterol but high triglyceride level was connected with periodontal disease. Therefore, management of triglyceride level could be a possible precaution of periodontal disease.

Effects of active rehabilitation therapy on muscular back strength and subjective pain degree in chronic lower back pain patients.

[Purpose] This study applied active rehabilitation therapy to muscular back strength and assessed the subjective pain degree in chronic low back pain patients. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (n=8) and control (n=8). The experimental group performed two types of rehabilitation therapy programs four times per week for eight weeks. The rehabilitation program was based on the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency's program. There were several types of stretching and strengthening. Back strength was measured using the Back Muscle Dynamometer TKK-5402. The visual analog scale score, selected to measure degrees of subjective pain, was used to assess treatment efficacy. [Results] For the experimental group, muscular back strength increased from 133.90 ± 11.84 kg before exercise to 145.59 ± 14.49 kg after exercise. In the control group, muscular back strength decreased from 133.92 ± 3.84 kg before exercise to 133.90 ± 5.81 kg after exercise. In the experimental group, the visual analog scale score for subjective pain decreased from 6.63 ± 0.52 before exercise to 5.75 ± 0.46 after exercise; in the control group, it decreased from 5.61 ± 0.52 before exercise to 5.61 ± 0.52 after exercise. [Conclusion] Active rehabilitation therapy is a positive intervention that can provide relief from back pain.

Effects of sittercise on elderly subjects' depression and sleep quality.

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of sittercise on elderly subjects' depression and sleep quality. [Subjects] The subjects of this quasi-experimental study were divided into an experimental group and a control group. [Methods] The subjects of the experimental group performed sittercise and the control group received no intervention. [Results] The results demonstrate that the subjects who performed sittercise had significantly decreased depression levels compared to the control. They also reported significantly improved sleep quality. [Conclusion] A favorable change in depression levels was seen after sittercise which alse had a significant effect on sleep quality.

Effects of horseback riding exercise therapy on hormone levels in elderly persons.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of riding exercise on hormone levels in normal elderly people who were taught horseback riding for 8 weeks. [Subjects] Subjects were classified into an exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10). [Methods] The two groups, horseback riding exercise group of 10 and control group of 10, were each tested for 15 minutes, 3 times, over 8 weeks. Post-exercise tests were implemented in both groups in the same way as pre-study tests. [Results] The horseback riding group showed a significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise serotonin and cortisol levels. Additionally, serotonin and cortisol levels showed significant differences between the two groups. [Conclusion] Serotonin and cortisol levels significantly increased in the experimental group, suggesting that horseback riding exercise is effective for improving the levels of these hormones.

Effects of horseback riding exercise therapy on background electroencephalograms of elderly people.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of horseback riding exercise on the background electroencephalograms of elderly people who performed horseback riding for 8 weeks. [Subjects] Twenty elderly people were divided into the horseback riding exercise and control group (n = 10 each). [Methods] The exercise was performed for 15 minutes, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Electroencephalograms were analyzed. Post-exercise evaluation was performed after 8 weeks. [Results] After the horseback riding exercise, the relative slower alpha power index was active in the T3 and P4 domains but suppressed in the Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T4, and P3 domains. Moreover, the relative faster alpha power index was active in all domains of the horseback riding exercise group but was suppressed in all domains of the control group. There was a significant difference between groups in the F3 domain. [Conclusion] The alpha power index increased significantly after horseback riding exercise, suggesting the exercise improved background electroencephalogram.

Effects of therapeutic recreation on the brain quotient in the elderly dementia patients.

[Purpose] This study investigated how participation in a recreation program influences electroencephalogram changes in the demented elderly. [Subjects] Fourteen patients were included in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. [Methods] They had no regular exercise habits, and walked independently, and scored 11-23 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination, and thus had no apraxia and could communicate. To empirically verify changes in electroencephalograms of the demented elderly for depression, sleep disorder, and life quality through their participation in the therapeutic recreation program, male and female citizens >65 years old at a geriatric hospital were included. The experimental group attended therapeutic recreation programs regularly for 3 months and control group did not. [Results] Electroencephalogram values were higher in the experimental than in the control group, demonstrating that the therapeutic recreation program enhances electroencephalogram values. However, post-program electroencephalograms between the two groups showed minor differences for all variables, except for the anti-stress index and brain quotient. [Conclusion] The therapeutic recreation program caused changes in brain activation, and this method revealed the relation between the activity program and emotion via the anti-stress index.

Effect of exercise performance by elderly women on balance ability and muscle function.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an exercise intervention on the balance ability and muscle function of elderly women. [Subjects] The subjects were randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and an exercise group (n=10). [Methods] The subjects participated in an elastic band exercise program lasting for 8 weeks, exercising for 40 minutes, four days a week with resting terms of 60 sec. Subjects used a band corresponding to 60% of the strength of the color band with which repetitive exercise was possible up to twelve times. The subjects performed elastic band exercises, with variations to the number of band exercises according to the improvement of their physical fitness levels. When fifteen repetitive elastic band exercises could be performed with no damage of the body, we changed the band for one which was one level up from the former one and subjects used the same band for the upper body and lower body. [Results] Leg muscular strength measured as sit-stand repetitions in 30 s significantly increased in the exercise group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. Leg muscular endurance measured as the number of knee ups in 2 minutes significantly increased in the exercise group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. Balance measured by one-leg standing time with the eyes open significantly improved in the exercise group after the intervention compared to before the intervention. [Conclusion] Balance ability and muscle function significantly improved in the exercise group and showing that the intervention is effective at improving balance, muscle strength, and muscle endurance of elderly women.

Comparison of the effects of exercise participation on psychosocial risk factors and cardiovascular disease in women.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to research the association of Type D personality with CVD risk factors and psychology through comparison of the association of exercise participation with CVD risk factors and psychological risk factors in women with Type D. [Subjects] This study included 416 middle-aged women. All participants completed the 14-item Type D Scale (DS14) to assess Type D personality. The DS14 consists of two subscales, NA and SI, both of which comprise 7 items. The research subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: Type D+Exercise (n=12), Type D+non-Exercise (n=12), non-Type D+Exercise (n=12), non-Type D+non-Exercise (n=10). The study consisted of 46 participants. [Methods] An aerobic exercise program and meditation were conducted in parallel for 10 months. Stretching was performed for 10 min as a warm-up, and then walking and running were performed on a treadmill at the HRmax 60-70% level for 40 min; this was done three times a week. Blood samples were processed according to standard laboratory procedures. The concentrations of TG and HDL-cholesterol were determined enzymatically on a clinical chemistry analyzer. Blood glucose was measured by the hexokinase method. [Results] Weight, percent fat, social support, and waist circumference showed a significant difference between times in the Exercise groups, and the values were significantly lower than those of the non-Exercise groups. Anxiety and depression showed a significant interaction effect between groups. The average number of CVD risk factors in subjects showed a significant difference between groups. [Conclusion] In conclusion, there were significant differences between groups in terms of CVD risk factors and psychological risk factors in women with Type D personality.