Comprehensive study of the rheological status and intensity of oxidative stress during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus to prevent its complications.

BACKGROUND: Prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires a modifying effect on the pathological processes inducing the ß-cell dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: the comprehensive study of the violation of rheological parameters in patients with different stages of diabetes and identification of possible links between these alterations with the intensity of the oxidative stress in the patient's body. METHODS: 60 patients with IR, prediabetes, T2DM and healthy volunteers were included. Full range of the rheological parameters of the patients' blood - the indicators of erythrocytes aggregation index (EAI), the relative deformability of the erythrocytes membranes (ERDI), blood plasma viscosity (BPV), and oxidative stress intensity (OSI) were examined. RESULTS: In patients with insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes, and T2DM the ERDI was statistically significantly lower and BPV - higher compared to control; a significant increase in EAI was detected in the patient group with prediabetes and T2DM compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The level of rheological disorders in patients increases with the increase of the level of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and intensity of oxidative stress and reaches a maximum during manifested diabetes. Diagnosis of hemorheological disorders and OSI in T2DM can serve as an early marker of target organ damage possibility.

[SELECTIVE EFFICACY OF GEORGIAN LEGUME EXTRACTS ON JURKAT AND MDCK CELLS].

The goal of our study was to establish the anti- proapoptotic activity of the common in Georgia crops on the Jurkat and MDCK cells. Extracts of various varieties of beans (Tirkmela, Batumi meadow, Shulavera, Udelebi, as well as green peas, Lens Culinaris lentils, soy beans) were added to the intact or incubated under oxidative stress conditions Jurkat and MDCK cells. Cell viability (apoptosis intensity) was determined by a cell proliferative activity test (MTT test). Correlation and statistical analysis of ANOVA was performed using the package (SPSS version 11.0). In the presented study the selective effectiveness of extracts with different antioxidant activity on intact and incubated under oxidative stress Jurkat and MDCK cells was revealed, related with different sensitivity of cells to the oxidative stress. In normal MDCK epithelial cells, resistant to redox-active factors (H2O2), inverse relationship between the intensity of apoptosis and the antiradical potential of the extract was found; in leukemia transformated Jurkat cells, characterized by high sensitivity to oxidants (H2O2), a violation of the redox-dependent anti-apoptotic cell protection mechanisms was revealed, which is manifested by the absence of regularity of the cytoprotective / cytotoxic effects of the extracts on intact and incubated cells under oxidative stress conditions. These results can be used in the development of schemes of anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory therapy.

Constituents of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Flowers Protect Jurkat T-Cells against Oxidative Stress.

The flowers of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) are widely used in folk medicine, in particular for treating inflammation-related disorders. However, cellular mechanisms of this activity demand further investigation. In the present work, we studied the potential of T. patula compounds to alleviate the oxidative stress in hydrogen peroxide-challenged human lymphoblastoid Jurkat T-cells. Crude extracts of marigold flowers and purified fractions containing flavonoids patuletin, quercetagetin, and quercetin and their derivatives, as well as the carotenoid lutein, were brought in contact with Jurkat cells challenged with 25 or 50 µM H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide caused oxidative stress in the cells, manifested as generation of superoxide and peroxyl radicals, reduced viability, arrested cell cycle, and enhanced apoptosis. The stress was alleviated by marigold ingredients that demonstrated high radical-scavenging capacity and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes involved in neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Flavonoid fraction rich in quercetin and quercetagetin showed the highest cytoprotective activity, while patuletin in high dose exerted a cytotoxic effect associated with its anticancer potential. T. patula compounds enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant interleukin-10 (IL-10) in Jurkat cells. Both direct radical-scavenging capacity and stimulation of protective cellular mechanisms can underlay the anti-inflammatory properties of marigold flowers.

[Parodontitis pathogenetic factors, their interaction and effects].

Induced by microbial intervention oxidative stress causes electronic transport disorder in gingival cells mitochondrias as well as decrease of energogenesis and increase of lipoperoxidation. In oral cavity local immunity is decreased in parodontitis, that is related with immunoglobulin A deficiency and lysozyme activity decrease. Against this background, microbial factors damaging effect on periodont is intensified. In parodontitis the free nitric oxide (NO) content decrease in gingival tissues and its appearance in saliva is related with transformation of NO into toxic peroxinitrite, that on its turn enhances oxidation, parodontal injury, cell degra dation and necrosis. Nitrooxide defficiency in gingival mucosal cells is characterized by decreased protein P-53 expression and terminal differentiation disorder of the cells. Mitochodria related energogenesis disorder in gums causes inhibition of their cell regeneration, which together with apoptotic changes is characterized with parodontal tissue destruction and depletion.

[Content and metabilism of nitric oxide in substrates of oral cavity and their role in pathogenesis of periodontite disease].

Content and metabolism of free NO in saliva, fluids of periodontal pockets and gingival tissue has been investigated by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) method with the use of nitric oxide spin-trap in patients suffering from periodontitis. It was found that increased generation of nitric oxide at early stages of periodontitis is of protective nature. However, at serious disorders of mitochondrial respiration and exaggerated formation of generators of reactive oxygen, nitric oxide converts into citotoxic peroxinitrite leading to destruction of parodontal tissue; part of free nitric oxide produces FeSNO, which in turn, supports and decreases content of free NO in gingival tissue. As a result, decreases local antimicrobial protection, hemocirculation, tissue nutrition, progresses inflammation. Periodontitis decreases local immunity due to NO deficiency in gingival tissue. Reduced content of NO in gingival tissue decreases regeneration ability of cells, which in turn, leads to deterioration on gingival tissue.