Impacted permanent incisors associated with compound odontoma.

Odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumours of the maxillary bones, characterised by a slow growth and benign behaviour. They are usually small, asymptomatic and diagnosed after routine radiographic examination. The aim of this study was to report a case of a compound odontoma in the anterior maxilla of a 7-year-old girl, which was causing the impaction of the maxillary right central and lateral incisors, as well as the prolonged retention of the corresponding primary teeth. We also aimed to review the literature about these tumours, since they are not part of the dentist's day-to-day clinical practice. The clinical and radiographic features, the diagnosis and treatment of the case were discussed in this work.

Effect of Growth Hormone in Experimental Tooth Movement

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, the effect of growth hormone (GH) on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during experimental tooth movement in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats divided into control (C) and experimental (E) groups were examined after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days under controlled climate conditions. Orthodontic force (30 cN) was applied on the maxillary first molar by an orthodontic appliance. Group E received 0.1 IU/kg/day of GH and Group C received 0.5 mL/kg/day of saline. The samples were processed and evaluated under optical microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The Kruskal Wallis test was applied to compare the intergroup variables at 5% significance level. Group E presented a larger number of osteoclasts on the 3rd and 7th days and Howship lacunae on the 3 rd day, a smaller number of blood vessels and greater amount of mature collagen on the 3 rd and 7 th days than Group C (p<0.05). It was concluded that GH accelerated and intensified bone resorption and produced delay in immature collagen formation during experimental tooth movement.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o efeito do hormônio de crescimento (HC) no ligamento periodontal e osso alveolar, durante a movimentação dentária induzida em ratos. Oitenta ratos Wistar, machos, divididos nos grupos controle e experimental, foram observados nos dias 3, 7, 14 e 21. Foi aplicada força ortodôntica (30 cN) sobre o primeiro molar superior por meio de um dispositivo ortodôntico. No grupo experimental foi administrada 0,1 UI/kg/dia de HC e, no grupo controle, 0,5 mL/kg/dia de solução salina. As amostras foram processadas e avaliadas por microscopia de luz e luz polarizada. O teste de Kruskal Wallis foi utilizado para a comparação das variáveis intergrupos. Verificou-se que o grupo experimental apresentou maior quantidade de osteoclastos nos 3° e 7° dias e de lacunas de Howship no 3° dia, menor quantidade de vasos sanguíneos e maior quantidade de colágeno maduro nos 3° e 7° dias do que no grupo controle (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que o HC acelerou e intensificou a reabsorção óssea e produziu atraso na formação de colágeno imaturo, durante o movimento ortodôntico induzido.

Effect of growth hormone in experimental tooth movement.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, by histological analysis, the effect of growth hormone (GH) on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during experimental tooth movement in rats. Eighty male Wistar rats divided into control (C) and experimental (E) groups were examined after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days under controlled climate conditions. Orthodontic force (30 cN) was applied on the maxillary first molar by an orthodontic appliance. Group E received 0.1 IU/kg/day of GH and Group C received 0.5 mL/kg/day of saline. The samples were processed and evaluated under optical microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The Kruskal Wallis test was applied to compare the intergroup variables at 5% significance level. Group E presented a larger number of osteoclasts on the 3rd and 7th days and Howship lacunae on the 3 rd day, a smaller number of blood vessels and greater amount of mature collagen on the 3 rd and 7 th days than Group C (p<0.05). It was concluded that GH accelerated and intensified bone resorption and produced delay in immature collagen formation during experimental tooth movement.

Modificações no pogônio e no nariz de acordo com o modo respiratório / Changes in pogonion and nose according to breathing patterns

INTRODUÇÃO: o perfil mole do indivíduo é resultado de mudanças complexas que ocorrem nos tecidos duros e moles das estruturas faciais. O pogônio e o nariz são estruturas dominantes na face e influenciam no grau de convexidade do perfil. Assim, é fundamental a análise das estruturas do pogônio e a inclusão das estruturas nasais no plano de tratamento ortodôntico. OBJETIVO: avaliar longitudinalmente as modificações dimensionais no plano anteroposterior do pogônio e do nariz de indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1 de Angle, em dois momentos distintos do desenvolvimento craniofacial. MÉTODOS: foram realizados traçados cefalométricos sobre telerradiografias em norma lateral de 40 indivíduos, sendo 23 respiradores predominantemente nasais (RN) e 17 predominantemente bucais (RB). RESULTADOS: foram obtidas as medidas lineares e angulares LS'-Pog', LS'-B', B'-Pog', Pog'-PogTeg', Linha NB, Pog-NB, N'-Prn, Prn-NPog, N-Prn-Sn e Prn-Sn-LS. O teste ANOVA a dois critérios com medidas repetidas foi aplicado para indicar diferenças entre os valores médios dessas variáveis segundo os momentos e/ou modo respiratório. Observou-se que as variáveis LS'-B', Pog'-PogTeg', Linha NB e Pog-NB, N'-Prn, Prn-NPog, N-Prn-Sn e Prn-Sn-LS apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) quando comparados os momentos final e inicial, embora não houvesse diferença significativa entre os modos respiratórios. Em nenhuma das variáveis se observou interação entre o modo respiratório e os momentos. CONCLUSÃO: há alteração estatisticamente significativa do pogônio e do nariz no plano anteroposterior no decorrer do crescimento, porém sem qualquer interferência do modo respiratório.

INTRODUCTION: The soft tissue profile results from complex changes in the hard and soft tissues of the face. The pogonion and the nose are dominant facial structures that determine the degree of profile convexity and should, therefore, be analyzed and included in orthodontic treatment planning. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a longitudinal evaluation of the anteroposterior dimensional changes of the pogonion and the nose of individuals with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion at two time points during craniofacial development. METHODS: Lateral cephalograms were obtained for 40 individuals - 23 nasal breathers (NB) and 17 mouth breathers (MB). RESULTS: Linear and angular measures were obtained: UL'-Pog', UL'-B', B'-Pog', Pog'-PogTeg', NB Line, Pog-NB, N'-Prn, Prn-NPog, N-Prn-Sn and Prn-Sn-UL. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect differences between mean values according to time points and/or breathing patterns. The UL'-B', Pog'-PogTeg', NB line and Pog-NB, N'-Prn, Prn-NPog, N-Prn-Sn and Prn-Sn-UL variables had significant differences (p<0.05) between the two time points, but there were no significant differences between breathing patterns. No interaction was found between breathing patterns and time points for any variable. CONCLUSION: The pogonion and the nose undergo significant changes in the anteroposterior plane during growth, but breathing patterns do not significantly affect changes.

Facial and dental alterations according to the breathing pattern.

UNLABELLED: There is controversy in the literature about possible interaction of the respiratory mode with the facial and dental structures. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal assessment of the changes in facial and dental structures in Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion individuals, divided according to the respiratory pattern (predominantly nasal or mouth), at two distinct moments of craniofacial development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pogonium and nose measurements were made on the lateral cephalometric tracings (LS'-Pog', LS'-B', B'-Pog', Pog'-PogTeg', Line NB, Pog-NB, N'-Prn, Prn-NPog, N-Prn-Sn, Prn-Sn-LS). Dental measurements were made on the plaster models (distances between the tips of the canine cusps and the tips of mesial cusps of the first molars) of 40 individuals aged 10 to 14 years (moment 1) and 13 to 16 years (moment 2), 23 being nose breathers (NB) and 17 being predominantly mouth breathers (MB). RESULTS: The Student's-t test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were applied to indicate differences between the mean values of these variables according to the moments and/or respiratory mode. CONCLUSIONS: There were alterations in the facial measurements, without interference of the breathing pattern. However, the breathing pattern influenced dental alterations.

Facial and dental alterations according to the breathing pattern

There is controversy in the literature about possible interaction of the respiratory mode with the facial and dental structures. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal assessment of the changes in facial and dental structures in Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion individuals, divided according to the respiratory pattern (predominantly nasal or mouth), at two distinct moments of craniofacial development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pogonium and nose measurements were made on the lateral cephalometric tracings (LS'-Pog', LS'-B', B'-Pog', Pog'-PogTeg', Line NB, Pog-NB, N'-Prn, Prn-NPog, N-Prn-Sn, Prn-Sn-LS). Dental measurements were made on the plaster models (distances between the tips of the canine cusps and the tips of mesial cusps of the first molars) of 40 individuals aged 10 to 14 years (moment 1) and 13 to 16 years (moment 2), 23 being nose breathers (NB) and 17 being predominantly mouth breathers (MB). RESULTS: The Student's-t test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were applied to indicate differences between the mean values of these variables according to the moments and/or respiratory mode. CONCLUSIONS: There were alterations in the facial measurements, without interference of the breathing pattern. However, the breathing pattern infuenced dental alterations.

Differential adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to metallic brackets induced by saliva from caries-free and caries-active individuals.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of saliva obtained from caries-free and caries-active individuals on the adhesion rates of Streptococcus mutans to metallic brackets. METHODS: The unstimulated whole saliva of four caries-free (decayed, missing, or filled surfaces = 0) volunteers and four caries-active (decayed, missing, or filled surfaces >12) patients were collected. The saliva samples from each group were mixed and clarified. Acquired pellicles were formed onto 30 metallic edgewise brackets for premolars for each saliva group. The brackets were put in contact with planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Adhesion rates were assessed by crystal violet retention technique. RESULTS: A higher streptococcal adhesion pattern (P < 0.00001) was observed on acquired pellicles formed by saliva from caries-active donors. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that saliva from caries-active patients tends to increase the mutans adhesion to surfaces, which is a point of concern for orthodontists.

Organization and quantification of the collagen fibers in bone formation during orthodontic tooth movement.

The organic matrix of alveolar bone is composed fundamentally of type I collagen. Polarized light microscopy provides unique information about the structure, composition and polymerization degree of a variety of organic and inorganic tissues that is not available with other techniques. The aim of this research was to compare two methodologies of polarized light analysis for collagen organization in bone formation during orthodontic tooth movement and determined maturity of collagen over the time. Thirty Wistar rats were euthanized 3, 7 and 14 days after the NiTi unilateral closed-coil spring was stretched between the upper right first molar and the incisors. The control consisted by contra-lateral site. The first molar area was fixed, decalcified and histologically processed using picrosirius pigment. The collagen birefringence of bone turnover was analyzed by color percentage and phase retardation. We observed an increase in collagen fiber organization over time with two methodologies. The Pearson coefficient correlation indicated a strong relationship (0.76) among the two polarized light analyses. In summary, there is collagen maturation over 3, 7 and 14 days. We successfully evaluated the molecular organization, arrangement, degree of polymerization and maturation process of collagen fibers in bone turnover through color percentages and phase retardation.