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1.
J Exp Pharmacol ; 16: 231-242, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39045603

RESUMO

Background: Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). Hochst, popularly known as Morula, is a plant in the Anacardiaceae family. The bark, fruits, and leaves have traditionally been used to manage a variety of health conditions, most especially diabetes. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of data and publications on the toxicity and safety of this plant. Purpose: The current study was designed to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Sclerocarya birrea in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Sclerocarya birrea was extracted using an 80-20% hydro-ethanolic solution. For the acute toxicity study, female Wistar albino rats were treated with hydro-ethanolic leaf extract at a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and followed-up for 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, 40 healthy Wistar albino rats were divided in 4 groups. The three treatment groups were administered the leaf hydro-ethanolic extract orally at dosages of 30, 150, and 1000 mg/kg once day for 90 days and the fourth group was a control group. Body and organs weights, haematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Results: Single-dose oral administration of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sclerocarya birrea at 5000 mg/kg produced no mortality indicating the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. Following 90 days of administration of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Sclerocarya birrea leaves, there was no significant change in body and organs weights. Furthermore, biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters did not vary significantly. Conclusion: This data indicates neither acute or chronic toxicity in rats and is consistent with the widespread and long-term usage of Sclerocarya birrea in African traditional medicine.

2.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) ; 16(1)2023 Jan 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36678629

RESUMO

Inflammation is the supreme biological response to illness. In the Hauts-Bassins region, in traditional medicine, all parts of Cassia sieberiana and Piliostigma thonningii are used to treat hepatitis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of their aqueous extracts. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses highlighted the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were measured by various methods such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), anti-protease, anti-lipoxygenase, and membrane stabilization. The best antioxidant activity was observed in the bark (DPPH: IC50 = 13.45 ± 0.10 µg/mL) and roots (TAC = 29.68 ± 1.48 mg AAE/g DW) of Piliostigma thonningii and in the roots (ABTS: IC50 = 1.83 ± 0.34 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. The best anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the bark (anti-lipoxygenase: IC50 = 13.04 ± 1.99 µg/mL) and leaves (anti-proteases: IC50 = 75.74 ± 1.07 µg/mL, membrane stabilization: IC50 = 48.32 ± 6.39 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. Total polyphenols (ABTS: r = -0.679, TAC: r = 0.960) and condensed tannins (ABTS: r = -0.702, TAC: r = 0.701) were strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Total flavonoids (anti-proteases: r = -0.729), condensed tannins (anti-proteases: r = 0.698), and vitamin C (anti-proteases: r = -0.953) were strongly correlated with anti-inflammatory activity. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and vitamin C could contribute to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the two studied plants. These results could validate the traditional use of these plants to treat various inflammatory diseases.

3.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(10)2022 May 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35631802

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to investigate the polyphenolic profile and the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of four traditionally used medicinal plants from Burkina Faso: Parkia biglobosa, Detarium microcarpum, Vitellaria paradoxa and Sclerocarya birrea. The analysis of the main phenolic compounds was performed by the HPLC-UV-MS method. The anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous bark extracts was investigated by the λ-carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The anti-nociceptive activity was evaluated by the Randall−Selitto test under inflammatory conditions. Seven phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, gentisic, vanillic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and syringic acids), and three flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and quercitrin) were identified in the plant samples. High contents of gallic acid were determined in the D. microcarpum, P. biglobosa and S. birrea extracts (190−300 mg/100 g), and V. paradoxa extract was the richest in epicatechin (173.86 mg/100 g). The λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by the P. biglobosa and D. microcarpum extracts (400 mg/kg p.o.). Under the inflammatory conditions, a significant anti-nociceptive activity (p < 0.001) was obtained after 2−3 h from the induction of inflammation. The effects of the tested extracts could be related to the presence of polyphenols and could be useful in the management of certain inflammatory diseases.

4.
Parasit Vectors ; 14(1): 479, 2021 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34526119

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Besides feeding on blood, females of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato readily feed on natural sources of plant sugars. The impact of toxic secondary phytochemicals contained in plant-derived sugars on mosquito physiology and the development of Plasmodium parasites remains elusive. The focus of this study was to explore the influence of the alkaloid ricinine, found in the nectar of the castor bean Ricinus communis, on the ability of mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium falciparum. METHODS: Females of Anopheles gambiae and its sibling species Anopheles coluzzii were exposed to ricinine through sugar feeding assays to assess the effect of this phytochemical on mosquito survival, level of P. falciparum infection and growth rate of the parasite. RESULTS: Ricinine induced a significant reduction in the longevity of both Anopheles species. Ricinine caused acceleration in the parasite growth rate with an earlier invasion of the salivary glands in both species. At a concentration of 0.04 g l-1 in An. coluzzii, ricinine had no effect on mosquito infection, while 0.08 g l-1 ricinine-5% glucose solution induced a 14% increase in An. gambiae infection rate. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our findings reveal that consumption of certain nectar phytochemicals can have unexpected and contrasting effects on key phenotypic traits that govern the intensity of malaria transmission. Further studies will be required before concluding on the putative role of ricinine as a novel control agent, including the development of ricinine-based toxic and transmission-blocking sugar baits. Testing other secondary phytochemicals in plant nectar will provide a broader understanding of the impact which plants can have on the transmission of vector-borne diseases.


Assuntos
Alcaloides/farmacologia , Anopheles/efeitos dos fármacos , Anopheles/parasitologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Mosquitos Vetores/parasitologia , Plasmodium falciparum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Piridonas/farmacologia , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Resistência a Inseticidas , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Mosquitos Vetores/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmodium falciparum/patogenicidade , Ricinus/química
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29977316

RESUMO

Up to now, the control of malaria remains a challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for uncomplicated malaria treatment. Despite this guideline, many people in Burkina Faso use herbal medicine as primary treatment against malaria. The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo activity of Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel and Bauhinia rufescens Lam. leaves extracts against Plasmodium berghei ANKA. A four-day treatment of leaves decoction of each plant was administrated orally to 7 groups of six NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. The control group received distilled water as treatment while the treated groups each received daily 100, 250, and 500 mg extract/kg body weight. Thin blood smears were performed on day five and the percentage of reduction of parasitaemia was determined compared to the control. The percentages of reduction of the parasitaemia at the doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg extract/kg body weight were, respectively, 57.5%, 35.9%, and 44.9% for Guiera senegalensis and 50.6%, 22.2%, and 25.7% for Bauhinia rufescens. Our findings on antiplasmodial activity of these two plants justify the traditional use by local populations against malaria. Thus, the isolation of the active compounds from these two plants is suggested for possible antimalarial candidate drugs.

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