Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) caused by chemotherapy containing S-1 against diffuse type gastric cancer.

A 23-year-old woman who complained of abdominal distension and anorexia was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography showed ascites, a huge hepatic tumor and ovarian tumor. Gastroscopy revealed type 4 gastric cancer and biopsy examination showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell carcinoma. We diagnosed her with stage IV advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. She received the chemotherapy with S-1 and CDDP regimen. After two courses, this regimen was changed to the SOX (S-1 + OHP) regimen because of acute kidney injury. After one course of the SOX regimen, she developed general muscle cramp. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 15 mm, round, high-intensity signal at the parietal lobe on T2-weighted images. She was hospitalized for with the suspicion of brain metastasis. Anticonvulsants improved her muscle cramp, but she had consciousness disturbance on the 9th hospital day. T2WI showed high-intensity signals within the cerebral white matter at both sides of the occipital lobe. We suspected leukoencephalopathy caused by S-1 and discontinued the SOX regimen. We also treated her hypertension and hyponatremia. Her consciousness disturbance improved in several days, and the T2WI finding was markedly improved on the 20th hospital day. We diagnosed her with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome caused by chemotherapy containing S-1.

[A case of tuberculous lymphadenitis found as an abdominal mass penetrating the duodenum].

A 42-year-old woman who complained of epigastralgia was referred to our hospital because of an abdominal mass found by ultrasonography. CT and MRI scans revealed that the abdominal mass, 4 cm in diameter, located on the left side of the right kidney. Gastroduodenoscopy detected a deep ulcerative lesion covered with a yellowish coat in the second portion of duodenum. A sonolucent area at the bottom of the ulcerative lesion seemed to expand to the abdominal mass on ultrasonic endoscopy. Tuberculosis was one possible differential diagnosis. Pathological examination including Ziehl-Neelsen staining using biopsy specimens taken from the bottom of the ulcerative lesion did not show tuberculosis infection. However, polymerase chain reaction analysis using the biopsy specimens revealed that gene expression of tuberculosis was positive. We determined that tuberculous lymphadenitis penetrated the duodenum forming an ulcerative lesion in the duodenum. The administration of anti-tubercular medicine for 6 months male the abdominal mass disappeared and the duodenal ulcerative lesion formed an ulcer scar. We report here a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis penetrating the duodenum which was successfully treated by conservative therapy without surgical treatment.