Effects of magnesium biotinate supplementation on serum insulin, glucose and lipid parameters along with liver protein levels of lipid metabolism in rats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel form of biotin (magnesium biotinate) on serum glucose, lipid profile, and hepatic lipid metabolism-related protein levels in rats. Forty-two rats were divided into six groups and fed a standard diet-based egg white powdered diet supplemented with either d-biotin at 0.01, 1, or 100 mg/kg BW or magnesium biotinate at 0.01, 1, or 100 mg/kg BW for 35 days. Neither form of biotin influenced (p > 0.05) serum glucose or insulin concentrations. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased with biotin from both sources (p < 0.05). Concentrations were lower with magnesium biotinate when comparing the 1 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). Serum, liver, and brain biotin and liver cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations were greater when rats were treated with magnesium biotinate versus d-biotin, particularly when comparing the 1 and 100 mg/kg dose groups (p < 0.05). Both biotin forms decreased the liver SREBP-1c and FAS and increased AMPK-α1, ACC-1, ACC-2, PCC, and MCC levels (p < 0.05). The magnitudes of responses were more emphasized with magnesium biotinate. Magnesium biotinate, compared with a commercial d-biotin, is more effective in reducing serum lipid concentrations and regulating protein levels of lipid metabolism-related biomarkers.

Different Sources of Dietary Magnesium Supplementation Reduces Oxidative Stress by Regulation Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in High-Fat Diet Rats.

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral required for many physiological processes, including ionic balances in ocular tissues. We compared the effects of different Mg-chelates (Mg oxide, MgO vs. Mg picolinate, MgPic) on retinal function in a high-fat diet (HFD) rats. Forty-two rats were divided into six groups and treated orally for 8 weeks as follows: Control, MgO, MgPic, HFD, HFD + MgO, and HFD + MgPic. Mg was administered at 500 mg of elemental Mg/kg of diet. HFD intake increased the levels of retinal MDA and NF-κB, INOS, ICAM, and VEGF but downregulated Nrf2. However, in rats supplemented with MgO and MgPic, the retinal MDA level was decreased, compared with the control and HFD rats. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) were increased in HFD animals given Mg-chelates (p < 0.001), MgPic being the most effective. Mg supplementation significantly decreased the expression levels of NF-κB, INOS, ICAM, and VEGF in HFD rats while increasing the level of Nrf2 (p < 0.001). Mg supplementation significantly decreased the levels of NF-κB, INOS, ICAM, and VEGF and increased Nrf2 level in HFD rats (p < 0.001), with stronger effects seen from MgPic. Mg attenuated retinal oxidative stress and neuronal inflammation and could be considered as an effective treatment for ocular diseases.

Arginine Silicate Inositol Complex Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing.

Arginine silicate inositol (ASI) complex is a composition of arginine, silicon, and inositol that has been shown to have beneficial effects on vascular health. This study reports the effects of an ASI ointment on wound healing in rats. A full-thickness excision wound was created by using a disposable 5 mm diameter skin punch biopsy tool. In this placebo-controlled study, the treatment group's wound areas were covered by 4 or 10 % ASI ointments twice a day for 5, 10, or 15 days. The rats were sacrificed either 5, 10, or 15 days after the wounds were created, and biopsy samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Granulation tissue appeared significantly faster in the ASI-treated groups than in the control groups (P < 0.05). The mean unhealed wound area was significantly smaller, and the mean percentage of total wound healing was significantly higher in ASI-treated wounds than in the control wounds. Hydroxyproline, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinases were measured in the granulated tissue and found to be affected. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and various cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1ß) measured in this study showed a significant fall in expression level in ASI-treated wounds. The results suggest that topical application of ASI ointment (especially 4 % concentration) has beneficial effects on the healing response of an excisional wound.