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1.
Cureus ; 16(5): e61158, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38933620

RESUMO

Background Sumo is a sport that requires wrestlers to develop their physique from childhood for athletic advantage. However, the energy expenditure and energy balance required for the growth of junior Sumo wrestlers remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the energy balance of junior Sumo wrestlers over six months using doubly labeled water (DLW) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Methodology A total of 12 male Sumo wrestlers were affiliated with a local Sumo club (average age = 15 ± 1 years). The total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using DLW, whereas body composition was evaluated using BIA. Daily physical activity was quantified using a tri-accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA-750C). Results The TEE was 4,194 ± 734 kcal/day, while daily physical activity without training was 786 ± 50 minutes. Within six months, the body weight increased by 2.0 ± 3.2 kg, fat-free mass (FFM) was augmented by 2.1 kg, while fat mass did not change significantly. The surplus energy accumulated was 5.6 ± 213 kcal/day. Conclusions The excess energy of junior Sumo wrestlers predominantly increases their FFM. To increase their physical prowess, wrestlers adhere to a lifestyle characterized by high-intensity training and attenuated daily physical activity.

2.
Physiol Rep ; 12(9): e16045, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38740565

RESUMO

The study explores the relationship between phase angle (PhA), an indicator of cellular health, and metabolic health parameters among junior sumo wrestlers in Japan. Given the demanding lifestyle and high-energy diets of sumo wrestlers that predispose them to metabolic syndrome post-retirement, this study focuses on a younger cohort. The primary aim is to evaluate if PhA could serve as an early indicator of metabolic health issues within this unique demographic. A total of 14 sumo wrestlers aged 9-17 years were assessed to determine the relationship between PhA and various metabolic markers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), using a TANITA MC-780A-N body composition analyzer and standard blood tests. Bivariate regression analysis and Pearson's correlation revealed a negative relationship between PhA and HbA1c even after adjusting for age and weight (ß = -0.496, r2 = 0.776, r = -0.756, p = 0.004). The results indicate a significant negative relationship between PhA and HbA1c levels, suggesting that lower PhA values, which indicate poorer cellular integrity, are associated with higher HbA1c levels, signifying impaired glycemic control. These findings underscore the potential of PhA as a valuable biomarker for monitoring metabolic health in young sumo wrestlers, with implications for early intervention and management strategies.


Assuntos
Impedância Elétrica , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Luta Romana , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Luta Romana/fisiologia , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Criança , Projetos Piloto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Composição Corporal/fisiologia
3.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 70(2): 150-157, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38684385

RESUMO

Although the energy stored in lean tissue (LT) and adipose tissue (AT) is well known, the energy required to synthesize these tissues is less clear. While elucidating the energy required for AT synthesis may not be so important, the elucidation of the energy required for LT synthesis is important for individuals who aim to increase their skeletal muscle. Theoretically the energy at the point at which ΔLT/Δbody weight (BW) reaches 100% on a regression curve, which indicates the relationship between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy used to accumulate body tissue, is considered to be the energy expended to synthesize LT. We therefore investigated the relationship using rats. Rats of different ages, and rats in exercised or sedentary states were used because their ΔLT/ΔBW was expected to be different. ΔLT/ΔBW was higher in the 4-wk-old group than in the 8-wk-old group and higher in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. We found a positive correlation between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy expended to synthesize tissues that accumulated in the body. This energy was lower in the 8-wk-old group, which had a lower ΔLT/ΔBW in comparison to the 4-wk-old group, but was not affected by exercise. The regression curve revealed that the energy expended to synthesize LT was 2.9 kcal/g, while that expended to synthesize AT was 1.1 kcal/g. Therefore, combined with the energy accumulated to the tissues, the energy required to accumulate LT is approximately 4.0 kcal/g, while that required to accumulate AT is approximately 8.5 kcal/g.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo , Metabolismo Energético , Músculo Esquelético , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Composição Corporal , Ratos Wistar
4.
Clin Case Rep ; 12(3): e8570, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38440769

RESUMO

Syphilis infections discovered late in pregnancy, as in this case, may not be treated long enough for delivery. The Japanese guidelines should be revised because they do not describe the mode of delivery for pregnant women infected with syphilis.

5.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 124(7): 2161-2170, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436665

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Curcumin ingestion can mitigate muscle damage, soreness, and inflammation following a laboratory-based eccentric exercise. Similar effects were observed in recent field-based studies wherein responses were evaluated after a soccer match. However, various potential confounding factors, such as matching opponent skill levels and daily training conditions, may have influenced the outcomes. In the present study, we investigated whether curcumin intake ameliorates changes in muscle damage markers following a soccer match while controlling for the potential confounding factors. METHODS: Fifteen collegiate athletes were tested in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over manner. They were recruited from the same college soccer team and thus followed the same daily training regimen and competition levels. Furthermore, athletes positioning during matches were counterbalanced. They consumed either 180 mg/day of curcumin or a placebo starting 1 h before the match and continuing for 2 days after a match (two 45-min plays and a 15-min half-time). Muscle soreness, jump performance (including countermovement jump and rebound jump index), and inflammatory and muscle damage markers (high-sensitive C-reactive protein, serum creatine kinase activity, and urinary N-terminal fragment of titin concentration) were evaluated before and after the match. The washout period between matches was set at 1 week. RESULTS: After the match, all markers showed similarity between the placebo and curcumin conditions (all P > 0.208). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that ingesting 180 mg/day of curcumin may not expedite recovery from muscle damage elicited by soccer matches in collegiate soccer players.


Assuntos
Desempenho Atlético , Estudos Cross-Over , Curcumina , Suplementos Nutricionais , Músculo Esquelético , Mialgia , Futebol , Humanos , Curcumina/farmacologia , Curcumina/administração & dosagem , Futebol/fisiologia , Masculino , Método Duplo-Cego , Adulto Jovem , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Adulto , Exercício Físico/fisiologia
6.
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) ; 70(1): 72-75, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38417854

RESUMO

Wrestlers have a risk of relative energy deficiency in sports because they believe that they can gain an advantage over their opponents by temporarily adopting weight-making strategies even women. However, precise methods of making weight and the effect of manipulating body mass (BM) on health and performance in female wrestlers have not been reported. Our study aimed to report a case of weight making in a world-class female wrestler, who won the world competition seven times in 5-y and had oligomenorrhea. We obtained the BM, blood, urine, and saliva samples, hand grip strength, subjective condition a month before the match (baseline), and 3-d before the match (day-3), and food and physical activity records during baseline and 10 d before the competition. The wrestler lost 4.7% of BM from baseline to day-3 and 7.6% of BM to the match by method to reduce energy intake and enhance dehydration. Hand grip strength did not change by weight loss. After weigh-in, the wrestler took the recovery food containing 4.9 g/kg BM of carbohydrate. Although these weight strategies may at least contribute to the success of wrestlers, the impact on health needs to be clarified in future studies.


Assuntos
Esportes , Luta Romana , Humanos , Feminino , Força da Mão , Japão , Redução de Peso , Peso Corporal
7.
Brain Dev ; 46(1): 62-67, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37657961

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness. New treatments for SMA have been developed namely, the drugs nusinersen, onasemnogene abeparvovec, and risdiplam. However, there are limited reports on their effects on adult patients with SMA, particularly over long periods. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of nusinersen treatment in adult patients with SMA. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with SMA type 2 or 3 who received nusinersen treatment between January 2018 and January 2023. All patients were evaluated using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE) before the commencement of nusinersen treatment, and the change with respect to the baseline HFMSE score was compared. RESULTS: A total of six patients, three patients each with SMA type 2 or 3, were treated with nusinersen. The median age of the patients before the commencement of nusinersen treatment was 51.5 years (range, 33-59 years), and the median treatment period was 50.5 months (range, 33-57 months). Three patients showed an increased tendency of improvement on the HFMSE at 15-26 months after nusinersen treatment, and the HFMSE score was maintained in two patients. Significant adverse events were observed in three patients: one subdural hematoma, one incidental bone fracture, and one cheek dermatofibrosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: Nusinersen treatment showed later efficacy in adult patients with SMA type 2 or 3. The distinct efficacy of nusinersen requires further investigation using a large number of cases and a long follow-up period.


Assuntos
Atrofia Muscular Espinal , Atrofias Musculares Espinais da Infância , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Oligonucleotídeos/uso terapêutico
9.
Front Sports Act Living ; 5: 1258542, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37927448

RESUMO

Elite athletes frequently invest in the use of supplements to optimize their dietary regimens and enhance their athletic performance. However, unregulated and unplanned use of supplements can lead to adverse consequences, including anti-doping rule violations or health issues. Thus, athletes should verify their diets, consider scientific evidence, and take necessary precautions regarding supplements before use. To date, no study has explored whether athletes check these factors before using supplements. This study aimed to investigate supplement use using a questionnaire administered to 1,392 athletes (including candidate athletes) who participated in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic/Paralympic Games. Participants were categorized as follows: 1,040 participants in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, 83 in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, 239 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, and 30 in the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympic Games. We collected data on supplement use and gained further knowledge through interviews with the athletes. Approximately 70% of Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic and Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic athletes and approximately 50% of Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympians used supplements. Over 50% of athletes had not received a doctor's diagnosis or a dietitian's evaluation before supplement use. Moreover, only 50% of the athletes who used dietary supplements reviewed the scientific evidence for the dietary supplements before using them and justified their choice based on their own investigation, while those who did not use dietary supplements cited either a lack of need or fear of an anti-doping rule violation. Considering the holistic health and performance of athletes, as well as the risk associated with unregulated use, such as overdose and anti-doping rule violations, there is a need for nutritional education on supplement use for athletes and their entourages.

10.
J UOEH ; 45(3): 161-165, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37661388

RESUMO

Myalgia is the most frequently reported neuromuscular symptom in COVID-19 patients, with a frequency of around 20% in pregnant women. Acute myositis due to COVID-19 is severe and requires medical intervention. There have been some reports of acute myositis due to COVID-19, mostly in elderly men, but rarely in pregnant women. Here we report a case of a pregnant woman who was diagnosed with acute myositis following COVID-19 illness early in her pregnancy. She had been affected by morning sickness since the 6th week of gestation and was diagnosed with COVID-19 at the 12th week. Muscle pain appeared in her limbs 5 days after the diagnosis of COVID-19, with a predominance of pain in the lower limbs, and her gait gradually became unstable. We concluded that it was acute myositis complicated by COVID-19 and hypokalemia, but we could not determine whether hypokalemia or COVID-19 or both were the cause of the muscle damage in this case. Pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 often complain of myalgia and fatigue, and when a pregnant woman's symptoms are severe we should keep in mind that they may be suffering from muscle damage that needs medical intervention.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Hiperêmese Gravídica , Hipopotassemia , Miosite , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Idoso , Masculino , Hiperêmese Gravídica/complicações , Gestantes , Mialgia/etiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Miosite/complicações
11.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 77(12): 1143-1150, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37532867

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a technique widely used for estimating body composition and health-related parameters. The technology is relatively simple, quick, and non-invasive, and is currently used globally in diverse settings, including private clinicians' offices, sports and health clubs, and hospitals, and across a spectrum of age, body weight, and disease states. BIA parameters can be used to estimate body composition (fat, fat-free mass, total-body water and its compartments). Moreover, raw measurements including resistance, reactance, phase angle, and impedance vector length can also be used to track health-related markers, including hydration and malnutrition, and disease-prognostic, athletic and general health status. Body composition shows profound variability in association with age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic ancestry, lifestyle, and health status. To advance understanding of this variability, we propose to develop a large and diverse multi-country dataset of BIA raw measures and derived body components. The aim of this paper is to describe the 'BIA International Database' project and encourage researchers to join the consortium. METHODS: The Exercise and Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon has agreed to host the database using an online portal. At present, the database contains 277,922 measures from individuals ranging from 11 months to 102 years, along with additional data on these participants. CONCLUSION: The BIA International Database represents a key resource for research on body composition.


Assuntos
Desnutrição , Esportes , Humanos , Impedância Elétrica , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal
12.
J Nutr ; 153(9): 2543-2551, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37495114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a minimally invasive, safe, easy, and quick technology used to determine body composition. OBJECTIVES: We compared the relationship among impedance indices obtained using single-frequency BIA, multi-frequency BIA, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of physically active young men and athletes using the creatine (methyl-d3) dilution method. We also compared the SMM and intracellular water (ICW) of athletes and active young men measured using a reference stable isotope dilution and BIS method, respectively. METHODS: We analyzed data from 28 men (mean age, 20 ± 2 y) who exercised regularly. Single-frequency BIA at 5 kHz and 50 kHz (R5 and R50), multi-frequency BIA (R250-5), and BIS (RICW) methods of determining the SMM were compared. The deuterium and sodium bromide dilution methods of obtaining the total body water, ICW, and extracellular water measurements were also used, and the results were compared to those acquired using bioimpedance methods. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients between SMM and L2/R5, L2/R50, L2/R250-5, and L2/RICW were 0.738, 0.762, 0.790, and 0.790, respectively (P < 0.01). The correlation coefficients between ICW and L2/R5, L2/R50, L2/R250-5, and L2/RICW were 0.660, 0.687, 0.758, and 0.730, respectively (P < 0.001). However, the correlation coefficients of L2/R50, L2/R250-5, and L2/RICW for SMM and ICW were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that single-frequency BIA at L2/R50, multi-frequency BIA, and BIS are valid for assessing the SMM of athletes and active young men. Additionally, we confirmed that the SMM and ICW were correlated with single-frequency BIA, multi-frequency BIA, and BIS. Bioimpedance technologies may be dependable and practical means for assessing SMM and hydration compartment status of active young adult males; however, cross-validation is needed.


Assuntos
Água Corporal , Água , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Impedância Elétrica , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Atletas , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia
13.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci ; 78(10): 1778-1784, 2023 10 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37262316

RESUMO

Fat-free mass (FFM) is a heterogeneous compartment comprising body cell mass (BCM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular solids, and extracellular water (ECW). The BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios vary among individuals and decrease with age. This study aimed to determine whether BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios are predictors of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇̇O2peak) independently of age, sex, and objectively measured physical activity (PA). A total of 115 Japanese males and females, aged 55.3 ± 8.0 years (mean ± standard deviation), were included in the study. Anthropometry, explosive leg muscle power, and V̇̇O2peak were measured, and BCM, FFM, ICW, and ECW were estimated. Step count and PA were objectively measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Blood flow volume was assessed using ultrasonography. BCM and ICW were negatively correlated with age, whereas FFM and ECW were not significantly correlated with age. FFM, ICW/ECW, BCM/FFM, step counts, moderate and vigorous PA, and leg muscle power were positively correlated with V̇̇O2peak, even after adjusting for age and sex (p < .05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that either BCM/FFM or ECW/ICW, leg power, and objectively measured PA were associated with V̇̇O2peak independent of age, sex, and FFM. Blood flow volume was significantly correlated with ECW (p < .05), but not with BCM. The BCM/FFM and ECW/ICW ratios were significant predictors of V̇̇O2peak, independent of age, sex, FFM, leg power, and objectively measured PA.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Água , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético , Antropometria , Oxigênio , Água Corporal/fisiologia , Impedância Elétrica
14.
Phys Act Nutr ; 27(1): 47-54, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37132210

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Muscle glycogen storage before a race is necessary for endurance athletes to achieve the best performance. Generally, the recommended carbohydrate intake for preparation over 90 min of the race is 10-12 g·kg--1·day--1. However, it remains unclear whether an elite athlete with an already high-carbohydrate diet can further increase muscle glycogen through a very-high-carbohydrate intake. Therefore, we compared the effects of three types of glycogen loading in a 28-year-old male athlete who belongs to the top 50 racewalkers in the world, consuming a daily energy intake of 4507 kcal and a carbohydrate intake of 12.7 g·kg--1·day--1. METHODS: The racewalker consumed very-high-carbohydrate diets three times for 2 days each, 13.7 g·kg--1·day--1 for trial 1, 13.9 g·kg--1·day--1 for trial 2, and 15.9 g·kg--1·day-1 for trial 3. Muscle glycogen concentrations in the anterior (vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius) and posterior thighs (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris) were measured using carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: Muscle glycogen concentrations in both the anterior and posterior thighs increased in all trials, particularly in trial 3. Body mass also increased by 1.5 kg in trials 1 and 2 and by 1.8 kg in trial 3 before and after the trials. The participant felt satiated throughout the day and experienced stomach discomfort during trial 3. CONCLUSION: We found that a 2-day very-high-carbohydrate diet and tapering of training could further increase the muscle glycogen concentration in athletes. However, we speculated that 15.9 g·kg--1·day--1 carbohy.

15.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res ; 49(5): 1435-1442, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36854284

RESUMO

AIMS: Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (JHR) is a transient adverse event that occurs during initial antimicrobial treatment for syphilis patients, and is known to develop uterine contractions and fetal distress in pregnant women complicated with syphilis. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for JHR in patients with syphilis, and to clarify whether pregnancy status is a risk factor for JHR, and to describe the characteristics of pregnant women who develop JHR. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review in a singleton university hospital in Japan. We collected data of syphilis patients who were diagnosed and treated at department of obstetrics and gynecology, dermatology between January 2010 and May 2022. There were no validated diagnostic criteria for JHR, we defined JHR as one or more of the following in addition to raised body temperature (≧38.0°C) within 24 h of initial antibiotic treatment: headache, chills, myalgias, tachycardia (≧110 bpm), new rash. RESULTS: There were 30 syphilis patients. Of whom nine (30%) were pregnant women and all their neonates were not diagnosed with congenital syphilis. Five patients (17%) developed JHR at the time of initial treatment (JHR group, n = 5). There was no difference between JHR group and non-JHR group (n = 25) in pregnancy status. Secondary syphilis was an only significant risk factor for JHR. Two pregnant women with JHR were both treated for secondary syphilis in the third trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy status was not a risk factor for JHR in syphilis patients. Further research is needed.


Assuntos
Sífilis , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Sífilis/induzido quimicamente , Sífilis/tratamento farmacológico , Gestantes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , Japão , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Hospitais
16.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 77(3): 393-399, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36376405

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Assessing whole-body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat-free mass (FFM) is essential for the adequate nutritional management and training evaluation of athletes and trained individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SMM assessed using the creatine (methyl-d3) dilution (D3-creatine) method and SMM estimated by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy young men undergoing exercise training. Additionally, we examined the association between FFM measured using the four-component (4C) method (FFM4C) and the total body protein value estimated using 4C (TBpro4C). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the data of 29 males (mean age, 19.9 ± 1.8 years) who exercised regularly. SMM measurements were obtained using the D3-creatine method (SMMD3-creatine) and MRI (SMMMRI). The SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/SMM kg was significantly higher than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). The fit of the creatine pool size compared with SMMMRI was 5.0 g/SMMMRI kg. SMMMRI was significantly correlated with both SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/kg and 5.1 g/kg. TBpro4C was significantly lower than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). Contrastingly, FFM4C was significantly higher than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/SMM kg-a previously reported value-may differ for athletes and active young males. We believe that a value of 5.0-5.1 g/SMM kg better estimates the total muscle mass in this population. Traditional FFM estimation highly correlates with SMMMRI in well-trained young males, and the relationships appear strong enough for total body protein or SMM to be estimated through the FFM value.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Creatina , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Creatina/metabolismo , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Imagem Corporal Total
17.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res ; 49(2): 560-567, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36352774

RESUMO

AIM: To investigate whether vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) correlate with the pathological structure of the placenta and whether there were any differences in VI, FI, VFI, and placental pathological structure between the normal and preeclampsia (PE) groups. METHODS: Fifty-five pregnant women (normal group, n = 27; PE group, n = 28) underwent VI, FI, and VFI at four locations in the placenta during the second and third trimesters. Two hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained specimens of the postpartum placenta were prepared. We randomly selected two of these locations and used ImageJ, an open-source image package, to quantify intervillous blood vessels (IBV), intervillous spaces (IS), and intervillous blood vessels + intervillous spaces (IBV + IS) per unit placenta and analyzed their correlation with VI, FI, and VFI. RESULTS: There was no positive correlation between VI, FI, VFI, IBV, IS, and IBV + IS. There were no significant differences in VI, FI, and VFI between the normal and PE groups; however, there were significant differences in IBV, IS, and IBV + IS in the PE group compared to those in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS: Placental hemodynamics measured by VI, FI, and VFI were not positively correlated with placental morphology in the third trimester. There were no differences in the VI, FI, and VFI in the third trimester between the normal and PE groups, suggesting that these may reflect placental circulatory insufficiency.


Assuntos
Placenta , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Hemodinâmica , Neovascularização Patológica , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Ultrassonografia Doppler
18.
Heliyon ; 8(12): e12076, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36561677

RESUMO

Infants have a low capacity to thermally adapt to their environment and so sufficient consideration must be given to their thermal environment. In investigating an infant's thermal environment, the purpose of this study is to clarify the heat transfer coefficient in natural convection for the posture of an infant in a stroller. The heat transfer coefficients were measured by means of using a thermal manikin. The experimental thermal environment conditions were set for eight cases, at: 16 °C, 18 °C, 20 °C, 22 °C, 24 °C, 26 °C, 28 °C, and 30 °C, and the air and wall surface temperatures were equalized, creating a homogeneous thermal environment. The air velocity (less than 0.2 m/s) and relative humidity (50%RH) were the same for each case. The surface temperature of each part of the thermal manikin was controlled to 34 °C. The difference between the mean surface temperature and air temperature (ΔT [K]) is the driving force for the heat transfer coefficient in natural convection for the posture of an infant in a stroller (hc [W/(m2·K)]). We propose the use of the empirical formula hc = 2.16 ΔT 0 .23. The formula of the convective heat transfer coefficient in natural convection of this study can be applied to infants up to about 3 years old.

19.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 17274, 2022 10 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36241873

RESUMO

The phase angle (PhA), measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis, is considered an indicator of cellular health, where higher values reflect higher cellularity, cell membrane integrity, and better cell function. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PhA and exercise habits or objectively measured physical activity. We included 115 people aged 32-69 years. The body composition and PhA were measured using a bioelectrical impedance device. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB) were assessed using a triaxial accelerometer. Exercise habits were also obtained through structured interviews, and participants were categorized into the no exercise habit (No-Ex), resistance training exercise habit (RT), or aerobic training exercise habit (AT) groups. Objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or step count significantly correlated with PhA, independent of age, sex, height, percent body fat, body cell mass, and leg muscle power. In contrast, SB was not significant determinants of PhA. People who exercised regularly (RT or AT) had significantly higher PhA values than did those in the No-Ex group. Furthermore, the PhA was not significantly different between the RT and AT groups. Regularly engaging in exercise with moderate-to-vigorous intensity may improve or maintain muscle cellular health and muscle quality.


Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Treinamento Resistido , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Impedância Elétrica , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hábitos , Humanos
20.
Ann Med Surg (Lond) ; 81: 104467, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36147144

RESUMO

Background: This study aimed to assess a predictor of long-term pregnancy sustenance post cervical cerclage in women with or without a medical history of cervical insufficiency. Materials and methods: We included pregnant women who underwent cerclage at 12-25 weeks gestation in four perinatal medical centers between January 2009 and December 2010. We classified the cerclage modality as ultrasound-indicated cervical cerclage if the pre-cerclage CL was <25 mm because the prophylactic and therapeutic cerclage definitions varied among institutions. The procedure was deemed successful if the pregnancy continued for more than 13 weeks post cerclage. We compared the outcomes of women who underwent successful and unsuccessful cerclage and investigated whether the pre-cerclage CL could predict pregnancy outcomes in women who underwent successful cerclage using receiver-operating characteristic curves. Results: We screened 114 pregnant women; 91 met the inclusion criteria. Pre-cerclage CL was a moderately accurate predictor of long-term pregnancy sustenance in the successful group (optimal cut-off value: 17 mm; area under the curve: 0.76; P = 0.0016). Approximately 87% of patients with a pre-cerclage CL ≥ 17 mm sustained their pregnancies for more than 13 weeks post cerclage; however, 64% of patients with a pre-cerclage CL < 17 mm did not. Conclusion: We speculate that the use of other treatment options in addition to cerclage in women with a pre-cerclage CL < 17 mm may result in a successful pregnancy.

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