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1.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact ; 33(7): 982-995, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32223579

RESUMO

The family Sclerotiniaceae includes important phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, that activate plant immune responses to facilitate infection propagation. The mechanisms of plant resistance to these necrotrophic pathogens are still poorly understood. To discover mechanisms of resistance, we used the Ciborinia camelliae (Sclerotiniaceae)-Camellia spp. pathosystem. This fungus induces rapid infection of the blooms of susceptible cultivar Nicky Crisp (Camellia japonica × Camellia pitardii var. pitardii), while Camellia lutchuensis is highly resistant. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in resistant plants revealed fast modulation of host transcriptional activity 6 h after ascospore inoculation. Ascospores induced the same defense pathways in the susceptible Camellia cultivar but much delayed and coinciding with disease development. We next tested the hypothesis that differences in defense timing influences disease outcome. We induced early defense in the susceptible cultivar using methyl jasmonate and this strongly reduced disease development. Conversely, delaying the response in the resistant species, by infecting it with actively growing fungal mycelium, increased susceptibility. The same plant defense pathways, therefore, contribute to both resistance and susceptibility, suggesting that defense timing is a critical factor in plant health, and resistance against necrotrophic pathogens may occur during the initial biotrophy-like stages.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos/patogenicidade , Camellia/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Flores/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Imunidade Vegetal , Acetatos , Camellia/microbiologia , Ciclopentanos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Oxilipinas , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Fatores de Tempo
2.
BMC Neurosci ; 19(Suppl 1): 12, 2018 04 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29745855

RESUMO

Optogenetics has become widely recognized for its success in real-time control of brain neurons by utilizing non-mammalian photosensitive proteins to open or close membrane channels. Here we review a less well known type of optogenetic constructs that employs photosensitive proteins to transduce the signal to regulate gene transcription, and its possible use in medicine. One of the problems with existing gene therapies is that they could remain active indefinitely while not allowing regulated transgene production on demand. Optogenetic regulation of transcription (ORT) could potentially be used to regulate the production of a biological drug in situ, by repeatedly applying light to the tissue, and inducing expression of therapeutic transgenes when needed. Red and near infrared wavelengths, which are capable of penetration into tissues, have potential for therapeutic applications. Existing ORT systems are reviewed herein with these considerations in mind.


Assuntos
Optogenética/métodos , Ativação Transcricional , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Terapia Genética , Humanos , Luz , Neurônios/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica
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