Stimulation of soy seeds using environmentally friendly magnetic and electric fields.

The study analyses the impact of alternating (magnetic induction B = 30 mT for t = 60 s) and constant magnetic fields (B = 130 mT for t = 17 h) and alternating electric fields (electric current E = 5 kV/cm for t = 60 s) on various growth parameters of soy plants: the germination energy and capacity, plants emergence, the fresh mass of seedlings, protein content (Kjeldahl's method), and photosynthetic parameters (with MINI-PAM 2000 WALTZ Photosynthesis Yield Analyser and a SPAD-502 Chlorophyll Meter). Four cultivars were used: MAVKA, MERLIN, VIOLETTA, and ANUSZKA. Moreover, the advanced Machine Learning processing pipeline was proposed to distinguish the impact of physical factors on photosynthetic parameters. The use of electromagnetic fields had a positive impact on the germination rate in MERLIN seeds. The best results in terms of germination improvement were observed for alternating magnetic field stimulation in all cultivars (p > 0.05). For the VIOLETTA cultivar an increase (p > 0.05) in the emergence and overall number of plants as well as fresh mass was observed after electromagnetic field stimulation. For the MAVKA and MERLIN cultivars, the concentration of proteins in the leaves was noticeably higher in plants grown from seeds stimulated using a constant magnetic field.

Effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on germination of seeds and concentration of elements in Helianthus annuus L. under constant magnetic field.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) on the germination of sunflower seeds, early growth of seedlings and the concentration of selected elements in seedlings. The influence of constant magnetic fields in systems with and without Fe-NPs was investigated. Experiments were done on seeds subjected to germination under constant magnetic field (0 (control), 5, 25 and 120 mT) for 7 days in the presence of solution containing 0, 50 or 500 ppm Fe-NPs. No significant effect of Fe-NPs and the magnetic field on germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings has been demonstrated. In most cases, a decrease in germination parameters was observed. For the majority of samples the relative decrease in the concentrations of elements was demonstrated mainly for samples without Fe-NPs. Interestingly, a significant decrease in the concentrations of trivalent (including iron - Fe) and toxic elements in samples containing Fe-NPs in relation to control samples was observed. The authors suggest that in this case the binding (adsorption) of these elements in the roots and seeds of the sunflower by Fe-NPs took place. This explains the lower iron content in seedlings than in seeds prior to sowing.

Effect of Electromagnetic Stimulation of Amaranth Seeds of Different Initial Moisture on the Germination Parameters and Photosynthetic Pigments Content.

The influence of stimulation with He-Ne laser light, alternating magnetic field and the combination of these factors on germination parameters of amaranth seeds and on the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in seedlings was investigated. During the stimulation the amaranth seeds had a different initial moisture content. From the germination characteristics of the seeds as the function of humidity, three maxima and one minimum value of the germination parameters (the relative germination capacity NK REL, the relative maximum germination rate SK MAX REL and the maximum germination index WK MAX) were obtained. In the majority of cases, the extremities coincided with the changes in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the seedlings. The presented research is innovative in the field of seed biology since no similar studies have been conducted before. It is difficult to interpret the results referring to the literature on this subject. The results can be explained as follows: the observed effect must be related to the stages of the water uptake by the seeds. The three stages of the water uptake associated with the seed germination process coincide with the maximum values in the germination parameters and with the change in the photosynthetic pigment content in seedlings.

[Oxygen transfer and consumption in human placenta exposed to variable magnetic fields in vitro]. / Transfer i zuzycie tlenu w lozysku ludzkim in vitro w warunkach oddzialywania zmiennego pola magnetycznego.

The initial investigations concerning the influence of variable magnetic fields (MF) on transfer and oxygen consumption in isolated human cotyledon in vitro were performed. Ten dual closed perfusion of the human cotyledon were conducted in each group. The control group was not exposed to magnetic fields. In studied groups cotyledons were exposed to magnetic field: in the group B1 (B = 2 mT, f = 50 Hz), and in the group B2 (B = 5 mT, f = 50 Hz) for 180 min. Obtained results may suggest that variable magnetic field (B = 5 mT, f = 50 Hz) cause decrease of oxygen consumption in human placenta in 120 and 150 min of experiment.

[Evaluation of the morphology of the human placental cotyledon following dual in vitro perfusion in variable magnetic field]. / Ocena morfologii zrazika lozyska ludzkiego poddanego dwustronnej perfuzji in vitro w warunkach zmiennego pola magnetycznego.

UNLABELLED: Objectives and the aim of the study was electron-microscopy morphological estimation of the human placental cotyledon after 180 minutes of dual closed perfusion in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the experimental group the cotyledons were exposed to variable magnetic field of 2 mT magnetic induction and 50 Hz frequency. The control group K (10 perfusions) was not subjected to magnetic field while the experimental group B (10 perfusions) was influenced by magnetic field. RESULTS: It was found that homogeneous variable magnetic field disturbs the ultrastructure of the nuclei and cytoplasma and it increases the density of the vascular-epithelial membrane of villi cells of human placenta in vitro. CONCLUSION: Variable sinusoildal, magnetic field of 2 mT magnetic induction and 50 Hz frequency disturbs the ultrastructure of the nuclei and cytoplasma and it increases the density of the vascular-epithelial membrane of villi cells of human placenta in vitro after 180 minutes of dual closed perfusion in vitro.