[Surgical treatment of lung injuries and diseases in patients with blunt chest trauma]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie povrezhdenii i boleznei legkikh u patsientov s zakrytoi travmoi grudi.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the indications for optimal open lung surgery in patients with severe blunt chest injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hematomas, lung wounds and purulent pulmonary complications were studied in four groups of victims. Causes of injuries included road accidents (n=426), falling and beating (n=387), catatrauma (n=217), squeezing the body with a massive weight (n=46). Majority of victims (n=731, 67.9%) were transferred to the hospital within 1-5 hours after injury; 345 (32.1%) patients were transferred from other hospitals to treat combined injuries of head, chest, abdomen and complications within 1-49 days after injury. RESULTS: Lung surgery was applied in 48 patients. Typical resections and pneumonectomies made up 77.1%. Indications for surgery included lung wounds complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage grade IIa and severe hemothorax, intrapulmonary hematoma ≥6 cm with high risk of bleeding and suppuration, gangrene, gangrenous and purulent abscesses of aspiration genesis, lung cancer first diagnosed in victims. Postoperative mortality was 14.6%. Twelve victims with unrecognized deep lung wounds and pulmonary root rupture were not operated. Thus, 5.6% of victims with severe blunt chest trauma need for open lung surgery.

Current tools available for the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a major threat to control of tuberculosis worldwide. Diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB are considerably more difficult than for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) and require higher level infrastructure and proficiency from laboratory specialists and clinicians. The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy calls for early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment of all persons of all ages with any form of drug-susceptible TB or DR-TB. This requires ensuring access to WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics and universal drug susceptibility testing (DST) for all persons with signs and symptoms of TB. There are a number of laboratory tools available for diagnosis of DR-TB, including phenotypic culture-based DST as well as molecular methods. Optimal and complementary use of the available diagnostic tools at the different levels of the tiered network of TB laboratories, as well as correct interpretation of the diagnostic results provided by them is critical for accurate and timely diagnosis of DR-TB thus enabling effective treatment and care of patients.

[Subjective evaluation of health status and motivation for improving it in able-bodied urban population of the European North of Russia]. / Sub"ektivnaia otsenka zdorov'ia i motivatsiia na ego ukreplenie trudoposobnogo gorodskogo naseleniia Evropeiiskogo Severa Rossii.

The study was made of the awareness of capable urban population of the Arkhangelsk region about own health condition, health care system, health promotion and disease prevention. Motivation for healthy life style appeared extremely low. Subjective opinion of personal health is a valuable information of its objective condition. That is why it must be taken into consideration in objective examination of the individual.