Dynamics of the content of reactive oxygen species and the state of the glutathione system in the oral cavity during subchronic intoxication wuth the fungicide thiram and its antioxidant correction.

Thiram is a dithiocarbamate derivative, which is used as a fungicide for seed dressing and spraying during the vegetation period of plants, and also as an active vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber-based rubber products. In this study the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the state of the glutathione system have been investigated in the oral fluid and gum tissues of adult male Wistar rats treated with thiram for 28 days during its administration with food at a dose of 1/50 LD50. Thiram induced formation of ROS in the oral cavity; this was accompanied by an imbalance in the ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione due to a decrease in glutathione and an increase in its oxidized form as compared to the control. Thiram administration caused an increase in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase). However, the time-course of enzyme activation in the gum tissues and oral fluid varied in dependence on the time of exposure to thiram. In the oral fluid of thiram-treated rats changes in the antioxidant glutathione system appeared earlier. The standard diet did not allow the glutathione pool to be fully restored to physiological levels after cessation of thiram intake. The use of exogenous antioxidants resviratrol and an Echinacea purpurea extract led to the restoration of redox homeostasis in the oral cavity.

Influence of electro-osmosis on physicochemical parameters and microstructure of clay soils.

The change in properties and structure of clay soils due to electro-osmosis was studied. These alterations were exemplified by mantle loam and kaolin. It is shown that electro-osmotic treatment of the soils on the open scheme resulted in the transformations in their moisture content, total and dry density, salinity, pH, and the parameters of their particles. The most notable changes occurred within the diffuse double layers (DDLs) of soil particles such as their recharge in the anodic zone. The transformations of the loam particles DDLs resulted in their aggregation in the cathodic and anodic zones. Also, electro-osmotic flow caused the redistribution of pore sizes within the soils between the electrodes. In the case of the kaolin, electro-osmosis resulted in the formation of the anisotropic, flow-oriented structure. The change in the types of soil particles contacts formed was observed during electro-osmosis as well. The obtained data can be used to study the behavior of soil during electro-osmosis as a function of the soil type.

Regulation of clay particles charge for design of protective electrokinetic barriers.

Coupled electrokinetic protective reactive barriers (PRB) are considered as a perspective technology for the treatment of contaminated groundwater. Design of PRB is directly connected with a problem of barrier material choice. Clays can be considered as an appropriate material due to high adsorptive properties and relative cheapness. The barrier internals are formed by clay surface charge properties. We revealed that acidic and alkaline treatment of clay is an effective way to affect its protective properties so that clay can be used to treat various pollutants. Surface charge and electrokinetic properties of clays were characterized by point of zero charge (p.z.c.), point of zero net proton charge (p.z.n.p.c.) and ζ-potential at different pH. Suspensions of 3 main clay types were studied by microelectrophoresis and potentiometric titration methods. At pH > p.z.n.p.c. clayey barrier adsorbs predominantly cationic toxicants and at pH < p.z.c. - anionic ones. The barrier is seemed to be the least effective in pH range between p.z.c. and p.z.n.p.c. Given the physicochemical and electrokinetic parameters, the most efficient clays for barrier design are Cambrian illite and all montmorillonite clays.

[EFFECT OF POLYCOMPONENT PROBIOTICS ON THE COMPOSITION OF COLON MICROBIOCENOSIS DURING EXPERIMENTAL DYSBIOSIS].

AIM: Study the effect of RioFlora Immuno Neo and Bifiform probiotics on the colon microflora composition under the conditions of experimental dysbiosis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medicinal dysbiosis was modelled in animals by gentamicin administration, probiotics were administered intragastrally by the end of dysbiosis formation. Quantitative and qualitative study of mucous microflora of mice colon was carried out by a bacteriological method. RESULTS: Correction of dysbiosis by probiotics has resulted in correction of the intestine microflora composition, and more pronounced when RioFlora Immuno Neo was used. CONCLUSION. The results of the study allow to recommend the use of these preparations for selective correction of colon dysbiosis.

[CHANGES IN COLON MICROBIOCENOSIS COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF COLONOCYTES UNDER THE CONDITION OF EXPERIMENTAL DYSBIOSIS AND EMOXIPIN PROPHYLAXIS].

AIM: Study the composition of colon microbiocenosis and antioxidant properties of colonocytes under the conditions of experimental dysbiosis and prophylaxis application of emoxipin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With the aim of prophylaxis, antioxidant emoxipin was administered to mice, in which medicinal dysbiosis was formed by intraperitoneal administration of gentamicin. Quantitative and qualitative study of mucous microflora of the mice colon was carried out by a bacteriological method. The state of lipid peroxidation system was judged by the content of acylhydroperoxides and malonic dialdehyde, system of antioxidant protection--by enzyme activity (catalase and superoxide dismutase). RESULTS: Experimental dysbiosis of the colon manifested by changes in the composition of mucous microflora of the animals and antioxidant properties of colonocytes. Dysbiosis prophylaxis by emoxipin resulted in normalization of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes and products of lipid peroxidation in intestine tissue. CONCLUSION: The study results allow to consider, that use of emoxipin results in an increase of adaptive-compensatory capabilities of the macroorganism during experimental dysbiosis.

[CONTROL OF HYPERGLYCEMIA IN THE CLINICAL PRACTICE].

The diagnosis of hyperglycemia was based on the fasting plasma glucose, the 2-h value in the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and the determination of glycated hemoglobin. The purpose of investigation is determination of glycated hemoglobin by patients with the risk of critical condition. For it the three patients groups were investigated: with cerebrovascular diseases, with hyperasotemia and with the renal insufficience. We discoved that hyperglycemia and HbA1c formates important factor in the change of the tone of cerebral arteries. Hyperasotemia makes ponderable percent of distribution in the general population of people. The level of glycated hemoglobin by patients with latent renal insufficience was increased. The determination of HbA1c can use for patients with critical conditions.

[The influence of melatonin on the content of lipid peroxidation metabolites and antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver of rats after immobilization].

The modeling of acute immobilization stress caused the increase of the content of lipid peroxidation metabolites and the decrease of the activity of superoxiddismutase and catalase in liver tissue within 4 days after stress. Melatonin in dose 0.2 mg/kg had a weak antioxidant effect and increased superoxiddismutase activity. The injection of melatonin in dose 1.0 mg/kg caused the significant decrease of lipoperoxidation metabolites content in liver tissue 39 hours after stress. On fourth and seventh days of the experiment there were no differences in malonic dyaldehyde content between these animals and naive ones. The concentration of acylhydroperoxides was significantly less than in control and naive groups at these days. The activity of superoxiddismutase and catalase was significantly more than in control rats at the fourth day after stress.

[Experience and methodology of glycosylated hemoglobin determination].

The article presents an analysis of practical experience and the author presents the methodology of glycolized hemoglobin (GH) determination in the clinic of internal diseases. 1220 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and without clinically evident DM have been examined during different period of time. Different techniques were used to determine GH. they are the following: photocolorimetric, chromatographic, and electrophoretic. It were useful during interpretation of GH to consider not absolute value of GH, but also change of its level in dynamics for a long period of time, i.e., art monitoring.

[Clinical estimation of photocolorimetric method of glycated hemoglobin determination].

Clinical approbation of the photometric method based on incomplete hydrolysis of glycated protein of. phosphoric acid and calibration with fructose -and colorimetry with 2- thiobarbituric acid for HbA1c in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have .134 patients with DM have been observed. The photometric method differed from Ion-exchange chromatography under a high pressure and partially coincided with a method of isoelectric focusing. This method can be recommended for temporary use in clinical and biochemical studies.

[Clinico-patogenetic value of glycated hemoglobin in therapeutic practice].

The purpose of the given job is to work out a new method of isoelectric focusing (IEF) of glicated haemoglobin. 747 patients have been observed. Glicated haemoglobin (Hba1c) was measured in 442 patients with diabetes mellitus and 305 patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) using basic methods: IEF with the following photocolorimetry (IEF+PC); photometric and chromatographic methods. The author modified IEF technique in borat-poliolnoj for definition of Hba1c in clinic. It was estimated analytical reliability of method IEF. It was established that methods of definition Hba1c are most used in laboratories. It was found a specified interrelation between the levels of Hba1c and consequences of DM.

[Isoelectrofocusing and photocolorimetry for determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)].

Analytical reliability of a new method for determination of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been evaluated. The method is based on hemoglobin isolation during isoelectrofocusing followed by acidic hydrolysis and photocolorimetry of furfurol formed after its reaction with thiobarbituric acid. At diabetic and non-diabetic levels inter- and intraserial reproducibility varied from 6 to 21%. Sensitivity of this method was determined using physiological solution and 50% albumin.

[Forensic chemical detection of furadan].

Isolation of furadan from biological material by ethyl acetate is considered. Column chromatography with silicone gel L 100/160micro was used to purify extractions from biological objects. A technique was elaborated for identification and quantitation of furadan in cadavers. It is possible to use this technique in forensic expert examination.

[Dirofilariasis in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea].

The paper presents data on the prevalence of dirofilariasis in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea during 5 years from 1999 to 2003. The nematode Dirofilaria repens is a causative agent of the disease. Sporadic cases of helminthiasis are annually registered in some urban and rural areas on the plain of the peninsula. The disease is absent on the foothills and Black sea coast of the southern and eastern parts of Crimea. The localization of the parasite is typical of this helminthiasis. Dirofilariasis in Crimea may be regarded as a transmissible helminthiasis with natural focal trends.

[Estimation of glycated hemoglobin values as a mathematical model].

By using various assays of glycated hemoglobin, the author deduced a model of this index by its level, association with major metabolic parameters from the linear and nonlinear correlations and regression. The duration of diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol, and postprandial glycemia were found to have the most considerable impact on the formation of different models of this index.

[Strategic approach to glycohemoglobin determination]. / Strategicheskii podkhod k opredeleniiu glikogemoglobina.

The purpose of the case study was to design an approach involving the clinical use of glycated hemoglobin (GH) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). 139 patients with DM, types 1 and 2, were examined. GH was quantified by 4 methods, i.e. immunochemistry, colorimetry, by oxalic and phosphoric acids and by isoelectrofocusing. It was revealed by correlation and regression assays that the GH level made a non-linear bond and depended to a great extent on a daily glucosuria, daily proteinuria, total serum cholesterol, body weight index and disease duration. Whereas no such bond was found for accidental pre- and postprandial glycemias. The conclusion is that, with due respect to a comparative analysis of different techniques applicable to GH quantification, the discussed index still remains a reliable criterion of the profound metabolic conditions, and that argumentative methods must be used in its quantification.

[Ten-year experience with the use of laser in surgical endoscopy in cancer patients]. / Opyt 10-letnego ispol'zovaniia lazernogo apparata v operativnoi éndoskopii u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The calculation data are presented on a critical temperature area (45-60 deg. C) located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, following exposure to continuous laser radiation (1.06(m). Positive clinical results were reported on the use of the fiber-type modification of the continuous 250W YAG:ND laser in the treatment of 217 patients with benign, malignant tumors and cicatricial strictures in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, trachea or bronchus.

[Comparison of determination methods and application of a computer program using a screening coordinate system to interpret hemoglobin A1c in patients with diabetes types 1 and 2]. / Sravnenie metodov opredeleniia i primenenie vychislitel'noi programmy s ispol'zovaniem ékrannoi sistemy koordinat dlia interpretatsii gemoglobina A1c u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom tipov 1 u 2.

The aim of the work is to compare methods of hemoglobin A1c determination in ratio with basic metabolism indices using computer program with graphic interpretation of results in patients with diabetes of 1 and 2 types. It was found out that more specific hemoglobin determination by isoelectrofocusing method more completely reflects the state of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic patients. The importance of hemoglobin A1c determination in case of 2 type diabetes is particularly emphasized.