RESUMO
Buruli Ulcer, a common tropical disease, is endemic in West Africa in particular in Cote d'Ivoire, where it represents the second mycobacterial disease after Tuberculosis. The late diagnosis and treatment as well as, the lack of surveillance, lead to large skin ulcerations, local or multifocal osteomylitis and some time it may lead to neoplasia which contribute to worse the prognosis of the patient. We presented a case report in a girl of 16 years old, who died from an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the upper limb secondary to Buruli Ulcer. This case report showed the importance of early detection and treatment, a specific surveillance for Buruli Ulcer infected patients, a need for them to be vigilant and to report any suspected skin lesions even after healing, and the need for a good prevention strategy in Buruli Ulcer endemic areas.